evaluation of the impact of a brief intervention on perceptions of collective efficacy in club sport teams

92 Pages·2015·0.96 MB·English

ABSTRACT
EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF A BRIEF INTERVENTION
ON PERCEPTIONS OF COLLECTIVE EFFICACY IN CLUB
SPORT TEAMS
Collective efficacy has been associated with enhanced group functioning,
performance, and resilience (Bandura, 1997; Watson, Chemers, & Preiser, 2001).
Sport teams seeking a competitive edge may benefit from interventions designed
to enhance perceptions of collective efficacy; however, little research exists on the
effect of interventions on perceptions of collective efficacy (Feltz, Short, &
Sullivan, 2008). The purpose of the study was to determine whether two collective
efficacy interventions were effective in changing intercollegiate club team sport
athletes’ perceptions and whether any changes were sustained over time. The first
intervention consisted of an experiential learning program (ELP) offered in a
challenge (i.e., ropes) course setting. The second intervention was based on the
Game Plan Format (GPF; Gilbert, 2011) and used sport terms (Warm-up, Drill,
etc.) and a multi-method approach to help participants learn about collective
efficacy in a classroom setting prior to applying the concepts in two challenge
course elements. Participants completed the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for
Sports (CEQS; Short, Sullivan, & Feltz, 2005) three times: pretest, posttest, and
follow up. Focus group data complemented the CEQS data. Results indicated that
perceptions of collective efficacy were enhanced immediately after intervention.
Over time, perceptions were dependent on effective application of collective
efficacy concepts as well as team performance in competition.
Arthur Albert Montejano
May 2013

EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF A BRIEF INTERVENTION
ON PERCEPTIONS OF COLLECTIVE EFFICACY IN CLUB
SPORT TEAMS

by
Arthur Albert Montejano

A thesis
submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Arts in Kinesiology
in the College of Health and Human Services
California State University, Fresno
May 2013
APPROVED
For the Department of Kinesiology:

We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following student
meets the required standards of scholarship, format, and style of the
university and the student's graduate degree program for the
awarding of the master's degree.

Arthur Albert Montejano
Thesis Author

Jenelle N. Gilbert (Chair) Kinesiology

Michael G. Coles Kinesiology

Ryan Soares Recreation Administration

For the University Graduate Committee:

Dean, Division of Graduate Studies
AUTHORIZATION FOR REPRODUCTION
OF MASTER’S THESIS

X I grant permission for the reproduction of this thesis in part or in
its entirety without further authorization from me, on the
condition that the person or agency requesting reproduction
absorbs the cost and provides proper acknowledgment of
authorship.

Permission to reproduce this thesis in part or in its entirety must
be obtained from me.

Signature of thesis author:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First and foremost, I would like to thank God for providing me with the
opportunity to pursue higher education as well as the tenacity and talent necessary
to persevere and achieve my goals. Thank you, Fresno State, for providing me
with the light of education, that I might go forth and give it unto others.
Thank you to Dr. Jenelle Gilbert for her skillful application of the
principles of sport psychology in mentoring me, for providing the right mixture of
challenge and support along the way, and for being a great role model, teacher and
friend.
Thank you to Ryan Soares for your patience, insight, mentorship, and
friendship. Thank you for inspiring me with your story to pursue goals and dreams
that are fulfilling and make me happy, and for all of the opportunities and support
you have given me. Please extend my thanks to the ropes course staff as well.
Thank you to Dr. Michael Coles for taking a chance and working with me. I
regret that I was never able to be a student in your class, but I am grateful that I
had the opportunity to learn from one of the best teachers on staff.
Thank you also to the athletes and coaches of the teams who participated in
the study. Without their willing participation, I might never have accomplished
this goal.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge my family: my parents, Albert and
Marina; my brothers, Alejandro and Jacobo; my grandparents, Arthur and Reyes;
and mis abuelitos, Raymundo and Marina – and all 100+ cousins, aunts, and
uncles. I thank each of them for their love and support throughout the years and
for the sacrifices they made so that I might have the opportunities I have today. I
would not be who I am, or where I am, without you.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. vii
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1
Purpose .............................................................................................................. 2
Research Questions ........................................................................................... 2
Significance ....................................................................................................... 3
Delimitations ..................................................................................................... 3
Limitations ........................................................................................................ 4
Definition of Terms ........................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................. 8
Collective Efficacy ............................................................................................ 8
The Use of Challenge Courses to Enhance Team Performance ..................... 14
Interventions .................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 3: METHODS ..................................................................................... 17
Participants ...................................................................................................... 17
Procedure ......................................................................................................... 18
Instruments ...................................................................................................... 27
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS ....................................................................................... 32
Effect of Time and Treatment on Perceptions of Collective Efficacy ............ 32
Perceptions of Collective Efficacy .................................................................. 35
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION ................................................................................. 53
The Effect of Time and Treatment on Perceptions of Collective Efficacy ..... 53
The Effect of Mastery Experiences on Perceptions of Collective Efficacy .... 55
vi vi
Page
Other Factors Influencing Collective Efficacy ............................................... 57
Considerations for Intervention Design .......................................................... 59
Considerations When Working with Club Sport Teams ................................. 60
Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 62
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 65
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................ 71
APPENDIX A: INFORMED CONSENT FORM ................................................. 72
APPENDIX B: CHALLENGE COURSE WAIVER ............................................. 75
APPENDIX C: DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................ 78
APPENDIX D: COLLECTIVE EFFICACY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR
SPORTS ...................................................................................................... 80
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1 Effect of Time, Treatment, and Time x Treatment .................................... 32
Table 2 Effect of Time on Total CEQS for Challenge Course Group ................... 34
Table 3 Effect of Time on Total CEQS for Hybrid Group .................................... 35
Table 4 Challenge Course Pre-Intervention CEQS Mean Scores ........................ 36
Table 5 Challenge Course Post-Intervention CEQS Mean Scores ....................... 36
Table 6 Challenge Course Follow-up CEQS Mean Scores .................................. 37
Table 7 Hybrid Pre-Intervention CEQS Mean Scores .......................................... 44
Table 8 Hybrid Post-Intervention CEQS Mean Scores ......................................... 44
Table 9 Hybrid Follow-up CEQS Mean Scores .................................................... 45
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. Study design and timetable by treatment group. *Completed within
one week of follow-up data collection. ................................................... 20
Figure 2. The effect of time and treatment on perceptions of collective
efficacy (Total CEQS scores). *Significant difference (p < 0.05)
found at pretest. **Significant difference (p <0.05) found at posttest. .. 33
Figure 3. Mean scores for collective efficacy over time. *Significant
difference (p<0.05) between pretest and posttest. #Significant
difference (p<0.05) between posttest and follow up. ............................. 34