GH THIRD EDITION iaic THIRD EDITION rk EVALUATION QUALITY HEALTH CARE de of in iy n o for DNPs E Joanne V. Hickey, V EVALUATION PhD, RN, FAAN, FCCM A Eileen R. Giardino, PhD, MSN, APRN, RN, ANP-C, FNP L EDITORS U of A Now in its third edition, this award-winning text is the only advanced practice nursing text to present T effective, systematic, and in-depth evaluations of all aspects of health care quality. Comprehensive I Q UA L I T Y in scope, it distills best practice information from numerous sources to facilitate utmost competency for O APN and DNP graduates. The third edition keeps pace with the rapidly evolving health care market by in N presenting a more comprehensive range of evaluation strategies for analyzing quality, safety, and value in health care practice and programs. It provides a completely new chapter on evaluation of simulation o programs to improve clinician competency and patient care technology. Qf H E A LT H C A R E An increased focus on the application of quality improvement is woven throughout, including the quality U improvement–research continuum and an emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration and teamwork. A New case studies, specific examples from a variety of QI projects, and content specifically geared to im- L for DNPs prove teamwork also add to the book’s outstanding value. The text also delves into the theoretical basis of I T evaluation and its application as an integral part of contemporary practice. It includes evaluation models that enable nurses to address economic and financial viability, and guides readers through the translation Y of outcomes from evaluation into health care policy. Additionally, the text now includes PowerPoints for i n instructors. H E NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION: A • New chapter: Evaluation of Simulation to Support Ongoing Competency of the Health Care Workforce L • Additional case studies and specific examples from QI projects T • Increased focus on teamwork and collaboration H • Enhanced discussion of theoretical foundations of evaluation approaches C • New focus on program evaluation and dissemination of findings A KEY FEATURES: R E • Addresses AACN competencies and scope of practice • Helps students integrate best and evidence-based practices into care f o • Provides guidance on practical methods and tools for quality improvement project r D • Presents evaluation models enabling nurses to address economic and financial viability N • Includes evaluations of organizations, systems, standards for practice, health care redesign, and the challenges of electronic medical records P s • Purchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices or computers ISBN 978-0-8261-7522-9 E • Includes supplemental PowerPoints for instructors DT IH T I IR O D Joanne V. Hickey N Eileen R. Giardino 11 W. 42nd Street 9 780826 175229 New York, NY 10036-8002 EDITORS www.springerpub.com Evaluation of Quality in Health Care for DNPs Joanne V. Hickey, PhD, RN, FAAN, FCCM, is professor emerita, after recently retiring from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing. In addi- tion to teaching at the master, clinical practice and clinical research at the master, Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), and PhD levels, she has held a number of administrative positions including track director for the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner and Critical Clinical Nurse Specialist programs, department chairperson and assistant dean for Acute and Continuing Care, and program director for the DNP Program, the first DNP program in Texas. She held the Patricia L. Starck/PARTNERS Professorship in Nursing. Dr. Hickey received a diploma in nursing from Roger Williams General Hospital School of Nursing, a baccalaureate degree in nursing from Boston College, in MSN from the University of Rhode Island, an MA in counseling from Rhode Island College, a PhD from the University of Texas at Austin, and a post-master’s certificate, acute care nurse practitioner from Duke University. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and a Fellow of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. She is a member of numerous professional organizations including the American Nurses Association, Sigma Theta Tau International, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and American Association of Neuroscience Nursing. Eileen R. Giardino, PhD, MSN, APRN, RN, ANP-C, FNP, is associate professor at Rush Univer- sity and retired from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing. In addition to teaching at the bachelor, master, and Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) levels, she has held a number of administrative positions including director of Under- graduate Programs and track director for the Clinical Nurse Specialist and Family Nurse Practitioner programs. Dr. Giardino received a baccalaureate degree in nursing from the University of Pennsylvania, an MSN from Widener University, a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, and post-master’s certificates as an adult nurse practitioner and family nurse practitioner from LaSalle University. She is a member of numerous professional organiza- tions including the American Nurses Association and Sigma Theta Tau International. Evaluation of Quality in Health Care for DNPs Third Edition Joanne V. Hickey, PhD, RN, FAAN, FCCM Eileen R. Giardino, PhD, MSN, APRN, RN, ANP-C, FNP EDITORS Copyright © 2022 Springer Publishing Company, LLC All rights reserved. First Springer Publishing edition 2012; subsequent edition 2016. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, LLC, or authorization through payment of the appropriate fees to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, [email protected] or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Springer Publishing Company, LLC 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 www.springerpub.com connect.springerpub.com/ Acquisitions Editor: Joseph Morita Compositor: S4Carlisle Publishing Services ISBN: 978-0-8261-7522-9 ebook ISBN: 978-0-8261-7523-6 DOI: 10.1891/9780826175236 SUPPLEMENTS: Instructor Materials: Qualified instructors may request supplements by emailing [email protected] Instructor’s PowerPoints ISBN: 978-0-8261-7525-0 21 22 23 24 25 / 5 4 3 2 1 The author and the publisher of this Work have made every effort to use sources believed to be reliable to provide information that is accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of publication. Because medical science is continually advancing, our knowledge base continues to expand. Therefore, as new information becomes available, changes in procedures become necessary. We recommend that the reader always consult current research and specific institutional policies before performing any clinical procedure or delivering any medication. The author and publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance on, the information contained in this book. The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hickey, Joanne V., editor | Giardino, Eileen R., editor. Title: Evaluation of quality in health care for DNPs / [edited by] Joanne V. Hickey, Eileen R. Giardino. Other titles: Evaluation of health care quality in advanced practice nursing. Identifiers: LCCN 2021016458 (print) | LCCN 2021016459 (ebook) | ISBN 9780826175229 (cloth) | ISBN 9780826175236 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Nursing Audit | Advanced Practice Nursing | Evaluation Studies as Topic | Program Evaluation | Quality of Health Care Classification: LCC RT85.5 (print) | LCC RT85.5 (ebook) | NLM WY 100.5 | DDC 610.73068–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021016458 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021016459 Publisher’s Note: New and used products purchased from third-party sellers are not guaranteed for quality, authenticity, or access to any included digital components. Printed in the United States of America. We dedicate this book to: ● Students and colleagues (current and future) . . . and particularly advanced practice nurses, who have an unprecedented opportunity to impact new models of health care that will influ- ence health care organizations, clinical practice, and health policy for an ultimate transfor- mation of the health care system. ● Our contributing authors . . . recognized experts in their disciplines; these leaders are much sought after for their expertise in practice, education, research, and consultation. Our request to share their knowledge through writing was met with gracious acceptance and production of excellent manuscripts. Their passion for the quality of health care and especially the role of evaluation in achieving health care quality is the heart and soul of this book. ● Our husbands supported our passion and commitment for working on this book. Jim Hickey and Angelo Giardino served as wise listeners and counsels as we grappled with the best ways to organize ideas and find the right words to illuminate the work of evaluation. CONTENTS Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii SECTION I: FOUNDATIONS OF EVALUATION 1. Evaluation and Advanced Nursing Practice: The Mandate for Evaluation 3 Joanne V. Hickey 2. The Nature of Evidence as a Basis for Evaluation 37 Joanne V. Hickey 3. Models for Evaluation in Advanced Nursing Practice 65 Joanne V. Hickey 4. Evaluation and Outcomes 93 Eileen R. Giardino 5. Financial Evaluation 115 Eileen R. Giardino and Angelo P. Giardino SECTION II: EVALUATION OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONAL IMPERATIVES 6. Evaluation of Organizations and Systems 147 Nancy Manning Crider and Beth Ulrich 7. Evaluation of Health Care Information Systems and Patient Care Technology 167 Juliana J. Brixey and V. Gail Roberson Turner vii viii CONTENTS 8. Planning a Program or Project Evaluation 189 Joanne V. Hickey 9. Evaluation in Quality Improvement 215 Eileen R. Giardino 10. Evaluation of Patient Care Based on Standards, Guidelines, and Protocols 247 Ronda G. Hughes 11. Evaluation of Interprofessional Health Care Teams 267 Joanne V. Hickey 12. Evaluation of Simulation to Support Ongoing Competency of the Health Care Workforce 299 Kristen Starnes-Ott and M. Roseann Diehl SECTION III: EVALUATION OF POPULATIONS AND HEALTH POLICY 13. Evaluation of Populations and Population Health 329 Joanne V. Hickey 14. Evaluation of Health Policy: From Problem to Practice 351 Joyce L. Batcheller, Peggy L. Landrum, Nancy Manning Crider, and Patricia S. Yoder-Wise 15. Drivers of Change, Impact, and Challenges for Evaluation of Health Care 371 Joanne V. Hickey and Eileen R. Giardino Index 383 CONTRIBUTORS Joyce L. Batcheller, DNP, RN, NEA-BC, FANOL, FAAN Adjunct Professor, School of Nursing, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas; Execu- tive Nurse Advisor, AMN Healthcare; President, CNO Space Dr. Batcheller has years of high-level experience in nursing administration as a chief nursing officer and leader in health policy. Juliana J. Brixey, PhD, MPH, RN Associate Professor of Biomedical Informatics and Nursing, Department of Graduate Studies, Cizik School of Nursing and School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas Dr. Brixey is director of the informatics track in the Doctor of Nursing Practice program at the School of Nursing and also teaches in the School of Informatics. Nancy Manning Crider, DrPH, MS, RN, NEA-BC Assistant Professor, Depart- ment of Graduate Studies, Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Sci- ence Center at Houston, Houston, Texas Dr. Crider has a long career in nursing administration, nursing education, and research. She teaches in the nurse executive track in the Doctor of Nursing Practice program. M. Roseann Diehl, PhD, DNP, CRNA Professor of Professional Practice, Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Nurse Anesthesia Program, Fort Worth, Texas Dr. Diehl teaches in the nurse anesthesia program, practices as a CRNA, and is an expert in simulation education. Angelo P. Giardino, MD, PhD, MPH Wilma T. Gibson Presidential Professor and Chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah Dr. Giardino is chief medical officer at Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah. ix