Evaluation of Appropriate Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation Methods for Iowa Bridges

115 Pages·2014·1.86 MB·English

by  T. J. Wipf

T. J. Wipf, F. S. Fanous, F. W. Klaiber, A. S. Eapen
Evaluation of Appropriate Maintenance, Repair
and Rehabilitation Methods for Iowa Bridges
April 2003
Sponsored by the
Iowa Department of Transportation
Highway Division and the
Iowa Highway Research Board
Iowa DOT Project TR - 429
Final
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this
publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of
the Iowa Department of Transportation.
T. J. Wipf, F. S. Fanous, F. W. Klaiber, A. S. Eapen
Evaluation of Appropriate Maintenance, Repair
and Rehabilitation Methods for Iowa Bridges
April 2003
Sponsored by the
Iowa Department of Transportation
Highway Division and the
Iowa Highway Research Board
Iowa DOT Project TR - 429
Final
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
ABSTRACT
Most states, including Iowa, have a significant number of substandard bridges.
This number will increase significantly unless some type of preventative maintenance is
employed. Both the Iowa Department of Transportation and Iowa counties in the state of
Iowa have successfully employed numerous maintenance, repair and rehabilitation
(MR&R) strategies for correcting various types of deficiencies. However, successfully
employed MR&R procedures are often not systematically documented or defined for
those involved in bridge maintenance. This study addressed the need for a standard
bridge maintenance, repair and rehabilitation (MR&R) manual for Iowa with emphasis
for secondary road applications. As part of the study, bridge MR&R activities that are
relevant to the state of Iowa have been systematically categorized into a manual, in a
standardized format. Where pertinent, design guidelines have been presented.
Material presented in this manual is divided into two major categories: 1) Repair
and Rehabilitation of Bridge Superstructure Components, and 2) Repair and
Rehabilitation of Bridge Substructure Components. There are multiple subcategories
within both major categories that provide detailed information. Some of the detailed
information includes step-by-step procedures for accomplishing MR&R activities,
material specifications and detailed drawings where available. The source of information
contained in the manual came from public domain technical literature and from
information provided by Iowa County Engineers. A questionnaire was sent to all 99
counties in Iowa to solicit information and the research team personally solicited input
from many Iowa counties as a follow up to the questionnaire.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................... vii
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background.......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Objectives............................................................................................. 1
1.3 Scope of Investigation......................................................................................... 2
1.4 Research Approach.............................................................................................. 2
1.4.1 Task 1.......................................................................................................... 2
1.4.2 Task 2.......................................................................................................... 2
1.4.3 Task 3.......................................................................................................... 3
1.4.4 Task 4.......................................................................................................... 3
2. BRIDGE MAINTENANCE REPAIR & REHABILITATION (MR&R)
MANUAL.................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Organization of the MR& R Manual................................................................... 5
2.2 Commentary on Repair Procedures..................................................................... 6
2.3 Repair and Rehabilitation of Bridge Superstructure Components....................... 6
2.3.1 Replacement of Steel Beams...................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Installation of Intermediate Support for Steel Girder Bridges.................... 8
2.3.3 Repair of End Corrosion Damaged Steel Beams........................................ 18
2.3.4 Strengthening of Steel Beams with Insufficient Section............................ 20
2.3.5 Installation of a Beam Saddle..................................................................... 25
2.3.6 Repair of Damaged Bottom Chord Truss Members................................... 28
2.3.7 Replacement of Diagonal Tension Members ............................................. 30
iv
2.3.8 Replacement of Vertical Tension Members .............................................. 32
2.3.9 Widening a Concrete Deck Bridges............................................................ 34
2.3.10 Widening a Concrete Slab Bridge............................................................ 37
2.3.11 Repair of Cracked or Split Timber Stringers............................................ 39
2.3.12 Replacement of Timber Stringers............................................................. 42
2.3.13 Repair of Decaying Timber Bridge Deck Members................................. 44
2.3.14 Concrete Deck Patching............................................................................ 45
2.3.15 Installation of Expansion Joint Seals........................................................ 48
2.3.16 Maintenance of Bridge Bearings.............................................................. 49
2.4 Repair and Rehabilitation of Bridge Substructure Components.......................... 51
2.4.1 Installation and Repair of Timber Pile Sway Bracing................................ 51
2.4.2 Shimming Timber Piles.............................................................................. 54
2.4.3 Pile Splice................................................................................................... 56
2.4.4 Addition of Supplemental Piles for Strengthening Pile Bents.................... 57
2.4.5 Repair of Steel H-Piles............................................................................... 62
2.4.6 Repair of Deteriorated Timber or Concrete Piles....................................... 64
2.4.7 Pier Strengthening or Widening................................................................. 68
2.4.8 Strengthening Existing Timber Pier Cap.................................................... 72
2.4.9 Repair Procedures for Minor Deteriorated Concrete Abutment
and Footings......................................................................................................... 73
3. RESULTS AND SUMMARY................................................................................... 79
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................... 81
5. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 83
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APPENDIX A. CROSS REFERENCE BETWEEN MR&R ITEMS AND
REFERENCE SOURCES............................................................................................. 85
APPENDIX B. MR&R QUESTIONNAIRE............................................................... 87
APPENDIX C. SUMMARY OF QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES........................ 91
APPENDIX D. NON DIMENSIONAL BUCKLING CURVES FOR PILES WITH
DETERIORATED AND RETROFITTED SECTIONS............................................ 95
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vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.3.1 Replacement of Damaged or Corroded Steel Beams................................7
Figure 2.3.2. Installation of Intermediate Support Beam ............................................10
Figure 2.3.3 Example of an Intermediate Support Installed to Strengthen a Simple
Span Bridge.............................................................................................11
Figure 2.3.4 Repair of Corroded Steel Beam Ends......................................................19
Figure 2.3.5 Reinforcement of Steel Beams by Addition of Angle Stiffeners............21
Figure 2.3.6 Example of Angle Stiffeners Used to Strengthen Bridges .....................22
Figure 2.3.7 Installation of a Beam Saddle..................................................................27
Figure 2.3.8 Repair of Damaged Bottom Chord Truss Members................................29
Figure 2.3.9 Replacement of a Diagonal Tension Member.........................................31
Figure 2.3.10 Replacement of Vertical Tension Members..........................................33
Figure 2.3.11 Widening Concrete Deck Bridges.........................................................36
Figure 2.3.12 Widening of Concrete Slab Bridges......................................................38
Figure 2.3.13 Repair of Cracked or Damaged Timber Stringers.................................40
Figure 2.3.14 Replacement of Timber Stringers..........................................................43
Figure 2.3.15 Replacement of Timber Deck Planks....................................................45
Figure 2.3.16 Full Depth Deck Patching.....................................................................48
Figure 2.3.17 Installation of Elastomeric Compression Seals.....................................50
Figure 2.3.18 Maintenance of Common Bridge Bearings...........................................52
Figure 2.4.1 Installation and Repair of Timber Pile Sway Bracing.............................54
Figure 2.4.2 Shimming Timber Piles ..........................................................................55
Figure 2.4.3 Timber Pile Splice...................................................................................58
viii
Figure 2.4.4 Addition of Supplemental Steel Piles......................................................60
Figure 2.4.5 Example of Addition of Supplementary Steel Piles ...............................61
Figure 2.4.6 Pile Bent Strengthening with Supplemental Timber Piles .....................63
Figure 2.4.7 Repair of Steel H-Piles............................................................................65
Figure 2.4.8 Repair of Deteriorated Timber or Concrete Piles....................................66
Figure 2.4.9 Examples of Pile Jacketing Done in the State of Iowa............................67
Figure 2.4.10 Widening Concrete Piers.......................................................................71
Figure 2.4.11 Strengthening Timber Pile Caps............................................................74
Figure 2.4.12 Repair of Concrete Abutments..............................................................76