Evaluation of Airport Runway Pavement in Relation to Increasing Air Travel Demand in Bangladesh

178 Pages·2017·4.14 MB·English

EVALUATION OF AIRPORT RUNWAY PAVEMENTS IN RELATION
TO INCREASING AIR TRAVEL DEMAND IN BANGLADESH

MD. ELEOUS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (BUET), DHAKA-1000

March 2017
EVALUATION OF AIRPORT RUNWAY PAVEMENTS IN RELATION
TO INCREASING AIRTRAVEL DEMAND IN BANGLADESH

By
MD. ELEOUS

A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh
University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(Transportation)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (BUET), DHAKA-1000

March 2017
ii
The thesis titled “EVALUATION OF AIRPORT RUNWAY PAVEMENTS IN
RELATION TO INCREASING AIR TRAVEL DEMAND IN BANGLADESH”,
Submitted by MD. ELEOUS, Roll: 0412042449F, Session: April-2012, has been
accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master
of Science in Civil Engineering (Transportation) on 28th March 2017.

BOARD OF EXAMINERS

Dr. Hasib Mohammed Ahsan Chairman
Professor (Supervisor)
Department of Civil Engineering
BUET, Dhaka-1000.

Dr. Abdul Muqtadir Member
Professor & Head (Ex-officio)
Department of Civil Engineering
BUET, Dhaka-1000.

Dr. Md. Mazharul Hoque Member
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
BUET, Dhaka-1000.

Dr. Mahmood Omar Imam Member
Professor (External)
Department of Civil Engineering
CUET, Chittagong.
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CANDIDATE’S DECLERATION

It is hereby declared that this thesis or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for
the award of any degree or diploma.

March 2017 ………………..
(MD. ELEOUS)

iv
DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to my mother Mrs. Sakhina Begum. Her continuous
inspirations made this effort possible.

v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to thank Allah for His grace and mercy throughout this
study. It is by His help and wisdom in guiding me to finish my work.
Second, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my thesis supervisor, Professor
Dr.Hasib Mohammed Ahsan for his enthusiastic effort and concern. Without his continued
support and interest, this thesis would not have been the same as presented here.
Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Prof. Dr.
Abdul Muqtadir, Prof. Dr. Md. Mazharul Hoque, and Prof. Dr. Mahmood Omar Imam, for
their encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions.
I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to Prof. Dr. Md. Mazharul
Hoque for his valuable guidance laced with suggestion and help.
I would also like to thank the officials of Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB),
for their cooperation.

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ABSTRACT

Bangladesh is a developing country and its economy is increasing significantly as well as
the air travel demand also increasing rapidly. In 2015, the number of registered carrier
departures worldwide from Bangladesh was 32,960 and the quantity for air freight in
Bangladesh was 188 million ton-km. With the increasing volume of passengers and goods
movement, airlines are introducing wide bodied and new generation aircraft and that also
demand for evaluation of airfield pavement.
The aims of this study were to determine the air travel demand (passenger, aircraft, and
cargo movement) of Bangladesh, to evaluate the airport reference code and runway
configuration, and to evaluate the runway pavement of three international airports of
Bangladesh.
The runway and taxiway configuration was evaluated according to International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards. The
ACN-PCN (Aircraft Classification Number-Pavement Classification Number) value of the
pavements was calculated using FAA COMFAA 3.0 software.
According to the findings, HSIA (Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport) meets all the
requirements for current design aircaft (ICAO Code 4E). SAIA (Shah Amanat International
Airport) and OIA (Osmani International Airport) are showing minor deviations from the
requirements of 4E category. The PCN results for HSIA, SAIA, and OIA are 64 F / C/ X / T
, 52 F / C / X / T, and 43 F / C / X / T respectively.
Existing pavement cannot accommodate Code F aircraft operations for future air traffic
demand. Further modifications and improvements of airport runway should be made to
accommodate the future air travel demand in Bangladesh. This research can further be
extended for the evaluation of runway pavements of domestic airports.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CANDIDATE’S DECLERATION ........................................................................................ iv
DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................... VI
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. xv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ xviii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study .............................................................................................. 19
1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................. 20
1.3 Outline of the Research Methodology .......................................................................... 20
1.4 Scopes of the Study ....................................................................................................... 20
1.5 Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................................ 21
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 22
2.2 Air Trvel Demand Related Studies ............................................................................... 22
2.2.1 ACI World Airport Traffic Report 2015 ............................................................... 22
2.2.2 Evaluation of Airport Configuration to Accommodate Newtype Aircraft ........... 23
2.2.3 The Financial Express Report ............................................................................... 23
2.2.4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Vs. Revenue Passenger Kilometers (RPKs) ..... 23
2.3 Airport Reference Code and Runway Configuration Related Studies.......................... 24
2.3.1 Runway Length Requirements for Airport Design ............................................... 24
2.3.2 Aerodrome Physical Characteristics ..................................................................... 24
2.3.3 Airport Reference Code ........................................................................................ 25
2.3.4 FAA Airplane Design Group , ADG .................................................................... 25
2.3.5 FAA Runway Design Code, RDC ........................................................................ 26
2.3.6 ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code, ARC ............................................................. 27
2.3.7 Aircraft Characteristics Related to Airport Design ............................................... 29
2.3.7.1 Components of Aircraft Weight : ................................................................. 29
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2.3.7.2 Operating Empty Weight (OEW) ................................................................. 29
2.3.7.3 Payload .......................................................................................................... 29
2.3.7.4 Zero Fuel Weight .......................................................................................... 29
2.3.7.5 Maximum Ramp Weight............................................................................... 30
2.3.7.6 Maximum Take-Off Weight ......................................................................... 30
2.3.7.7 Maximum Landing Weight ........................................................................... 30
2.3.7.8 Static Weight on the Main and the Nose Gear .............................................. 30
2.3.7.9 Main Landing Gear Dimensions ................................................................... 31
2.3.7.10 Wheel Configuration ..................................................................................... 31
2.3.8 Runway Configuration .......................................................................................... 35
2.3.8.1 Runway Orientation ...................................................................................... 35
2.3.8.2 Runway Length ............................................................................................. 35
2.3.8.3 FAA Approach for Length Requirements ..................................................... 36
2.3.8.4 ICAO Approach for Length Requirements ................................................... 37
2.3.8.5 Runway Width .............................................................................................. 38
2.3.8.6 Runway Shoulder .......................................................................................... 38
2.3.8.7 Runway Strips ............................................................................................... 39
2.3.8.8 Runway End Safety Area (RESA) ............................................................... 40
2.3.8.9 Clearway ....................................................................................................... 40
2.3.8.10 Stop Way ....................................................................................................... 41
2.4 Taxiway Configuration ................................................................................................. 41
2.4.1 Taxiway Width...................................................................................................... 41
2.4.2 Taxiway Curves .................................................................................................... 43
2.4.3 Taxiway Minimum Separation Distances ............................................................. 43
2.4.4 Rapid Exit Taxiways ............................................................................................. 44
2.4.5 Taxiway Shoulder ................................................................................................. 45
2.4.6 Taxiway Strips ...................................................................................................... 45
2.5 Airport Runway Pavement Evaluation Related Studies ............................................... 46
2.5.1 FAA (2014) Advisory Circular No.150/5335-5C ................................................. 46
2.5.2 FAA (2009) Advisory Circular No. 150/5320-6E ................................................ 46
2.5.3 CAAB (2010) Advisory Circular No.04 ............................................................... 47
2.5.4 Airport Pavements Structral and Functional Condition Evaluation ..................... 47
2.5.5 Aishah Binti Md. Noor (2010) .............................................................................. 47
2.5.6 Calculating PCN is using the FAA Method ...................................................... 48
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2.5.7 FAA (2012) AC No.150/5300-13A ...................................................................... 48
2.5.8 Runway Pavement Evaluation Process ................................................................. 48
2.5.9 Evaluation Process of Flexible Pavements ........................................................... 51
2.5.10 Evaluation Process of Rigid Pavements ............................................................... 52
2.5.11 Estimation of Runway Pavement Strength-PCN .................................................. 53
2.5.11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 53
2.5.11.2 Definition of ACN ........................................................................................ 54
2.5.11.3 Definition of PCN ......................................................................................... 54
2.5.11.4 Flexible Pavement ACN ............................................................................... 54
2.5.11.5 System Methodology .................................................................................... 54
2.5.11.6 Determination of Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) ............................ 55
2.5.11.7 Subgrade Category ........................................................................................ 55
2.5.11.8 ACN Calculation ........................................................................................... 55
2.5.11.9 Variables Involved in Determination of ACN Values .................................. 55
2.5.11.10 Determination of ACN Values Using COMFAA 3.0 Program .................... 56
2.5.11.11 COMFAA Program. ...................................................................................... 56
2.5.11.12 Using the COMFAA Program. ..................................................................... 57
2.6 DETERMINATION OF PCN NUMERICAL VALUE ............................................... 57
2.6.1 PCN Concept ........................................................................................................ 57
2.6.2 Determination Of PCN Numerical Value ............................................................. 58
2.6.3 Technical Evaluation Method to Determine PCN ................................................ 58
2.6.4 Determination of the PCN value ........................................................................... 59
2.6.5 Concept of Equivalent Traffic .............................................................................. 59
2.6.6 Parallel Taxiway Scenario .................................................................................... 61
2.6.7 Coverage. .............................................................................................................. 62
2.6.8 Equivalent Pavement Thickness ........................................................................... 62
2.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 64
CHAPTER THREE: AIR TRAVEL DEMAND IN BANGLADESH
3.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 65
3.2 Air Traffic and Aircraft Demand in World .................................................................. 65
3.3 Global Air Travel Demand ........................................................................................... 65
a) Air Passenger Traffic in 2014 ...................................................................................... 66
b) Air Cargo Traffic in 2014 ............................................................................................ 67
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