Evaluating the Africa-EU Partnership on Peace and Security: Interregional Cooperation in Peace Operations

298 Pages·2022·6.76 MB·English

by  Friedrich Plank

THE EUROPEAN UNION IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Evaluating the
Africa-EU Partnership
on Peace and Security
Interregional Cooperation in Peace Operations
Friedrich Plank
The European Union in International Affairs
Series Editors
Sebastian Oberthür, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Knud Erik Jørgensen, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Philomena B. Murray, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
Sandra Lavenex, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Friedrich Plank
Evaluating
the Africa-EU
Partnership on Peace
and Security
Interregional Cooperation in Peace Operations
Friedrich Plank
Politikwissenschaft
Johannes Gutenberg Universität
Mainz
Mainz, Germany
ISSN 2662-5911 ISSN 2662-592X (electronic)
The European Union in International Affairs
ISBN 978-3-031-11030-6 ISBN 978-3-031-11031-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11031-3
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Acknowledgements
Against the backdrop of the growing role of interregionalism in world
politics, the idea to write a book on the Africa-EU partnership on peace
and security first emerged in late 2014, when I started my academic career
at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. As a conflict researcher
interested in the foreign policy of the EU, my main aims were to bridge
the literature on European integration and conflict studies and to link
interregional with interorganisational research. This book is the result of
this endeavour.
The completion of this book has extremely benefitted from the support
by several individuals. First of all, I would like to thank Arne Niemann
who has encouraged this project from the beginning and has provided
very helpful, inspiring, and insightful comments on several drafts of this
book. His support and his constant advice were very helpful. Conversa-
tions with him about the project have been very inspiring and shaped
the idea of this book to a great extent. I would also like to thank Anja
Jetschke for important feedback that helped me to improve my theo-
retical and empirical arguments and for giving me the opportunity to
present my project in Göttingen, where I received very encouraging
and helpful comments. In addition, I am indebted to Kai Arzheimer
for his support. I would also like to thank my colleagues and friends
in academia who have constantly supported this project and provided
helpful comments, moral support, and read several drafts of the book.
Special words of thanks deserve Petra Guasti, Lukas Maximilian Müller,
v
vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Sören Münch, Johannes Muntschick, Fredrik Söderbaum, Sören Stapel,
Daniel Stockemer, and Doris Unger, as well as Sabine Schmidt, Simone
Ndongala, Margit Hartung, and Dagmar McCaslin for administrative
support that was crucial for conducting this research. I would also like
to thank Johanna Speyer for very helpful comments on final drafts. This
book has also greatly benefitted from conversations and exchange with
Julian Bergmann and Ingo Henneberg which have supported the project
through various means, most notably their moral support. The editorial
team at Palgrave has provided great professional assistance throughout
the publication process. In addition, I would also like to thank the series
editors and the reviewers for insightful comments.
Since substantial part of the empirical data had to be gathered from
interviews with practitioners, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to
the individuals in Africa and Europe who have been willing to share
their insights with me. For their hospitality and support for the research
trips to Nairobi, Abuja, and Addis Ababa, I would like to thank Uwakwe
Abugu, Michael Umale Adikwu, and Getahun Assefa. I would also like to
express my sincere gratitude to the University Association for Contempo-
rary European Studies (UACES) and the Gutenberg Council for Young
Researchers (GYR) for financial support at various stages of this project.
My final words of thanks go to my family who has supported me
through all the years, most notably my brother Ferdinand and my sister
Johanna. My deepest gratitude goes to my parents Monika and Friedrich,
and my grandmother Lisa. Finally, I am deeply grateful to my wife Elisa
for her love and support, as well as for her understanding for the difficul-
ties that arise with such a research project. Without their loving support
and encouragement, many great things in my life would not have been
possible.
Mainz, October 2022
Contents
1 Introduction: Evaluating the Africa-EU Partnership
on Peace and Security 1
2 Theorising Interregional Effectiveness and its
Conditions 21
3 Case Study I: AU-EU Cooperation in Response
to the 2013 Crisis in the Central African Republic 69
4 Case Study II: ECOWAS-EU Cooperation in Mali 121
5 Case Study III: AU-EU Cooperation in Response
to the Crisis in Somalia 173
6 Conclusions: Cross-Case Comparison, Theoretical
Reflections, and Policy Recommendations 233
Annex A 259
Annex B 263
References 265
Index 289
vii
List of Figures
Fig. 2.1 Interregional relations over time 24
Fig. 2.2 Regional economic communities (RECs) in Africa 26
Fig. 2.3 Conceptualisation of effectiveness 39
Fig. 2.4 Resource exchange as process for H1a and H1b 40
Fig. 2.5 Convergence of the partners as process for H2a and H2b 45
Fig. 2.6 Increased (internal) capabilities as process for H3a and H3b 53
Fig. 2.7 Facilitating conflict setting as process for H4a and H4b 58
Fig. 3.1 Fatalities CAR (2013–2015) in Bangui and other areas
based on ACLED-data 83
Fig. 3.2 Fatalities of civilians in the CAR (2013–2015) based
on ACLED-data 84
Fig. 3.3 Inter-relation of intense interaction and convergence
in the CAR 95
Fig. 3.4 Fatalities CAR (2013–2015) in all districts based
on ACLED-data 100
Fig. 4.1 Fatalities in Mali (2012–2014) in Bamako and other areas
based on ACLED-data 139
Fig. 4.2 Fatalities of civilians in Mali (2012–2014) based
on ACLED-data 140
Fig. 4.3 Inter-relation of intense interaction and convergence
of the partners in the Mali 151
Fig. 4.4 Fatalities Mali (2012–2014) in all districts based
on ACLED-data 155
Fig. 5.1 Fatalities Somalia (2007–2017) in Mogadishu and other
areas based on ACLED-data 193
ix
x LISTOFFIGURES
Fig. 5.2 Fatalities of civilians in Somalia (2007–2017) based
on ACLED-data 194
Fig. 5.3 Inter-relation of intense interaction and convergence
of the partners in Somalia 207
Fig. 5.4 Fatalities Somalia (2007–2017) in all districts based
on ACLED-data 220