Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

153 Pages·2008·0.53 MB·English

by  National Research Council, Committee on Evaluating the Efficiency of Research and Development Programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Committee on Evaluating the Efficiency of Research and Development
Programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy

Policy and Global Affairs

Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

Division on Earth and Life Studies
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of
the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Insti-
tute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen
for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This project was supported by Contract 68-C-03-081 between the National Academy of
Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any opinions, findings, conclu-
sions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do
not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for
this project.

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International Standard Book Number-10 0-309-11684-8

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COMMITTEE ON EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AT THE
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Members

GILBERT S. OMENN (Chair), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
GEORGE V. ALEXEEFF, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland
RADFORD BYERLY, JR., University of Colorado, Boulder
EDWIN H. CLARK II, Earth Policy Institute, Washington, DC
SUSAN E. COZZENS, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
LINDA J. FISHER, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE
J. PAUL GILMAN, Oak Ridge Center for Advanced Studies, Oak Ridge, TN
T.J. GLAUTHIER, TJG Energy Associates, LLC, Moss Beach, CA
CAROL J. HENRY, Independent Consultant, Bethesda, MD
ROBERT J. HUGGETT, College of William and Mary, Seaford, VA
SALLY KATZEN, George Mason University School of Law, Fairfax, VA
TERRY F. YOUNG, Environmental Defense, Oakland, CA

Staff

RICHARD BISSELL, Executive Director, Committee on Science, Engineering,
and Public Policy
DEBORAH STINE, Associate Director, Committee on Science, Engineering,
and Public Policy (up to August 2007)
EILEEN ABT, Senior Program Officer
ALAN ANDERSON, Consultant Writer
NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor
JENNIFER SAUNDERS, Associate Program Officer
RAE BENEDICT, Mirzayan Science & Technology Policy Fellow
MIRSADA KARALIC-LONCAREVIC, Manager, Toxicology Information Center
NEERAJ P. GORKHALY, Senior Program Assistant
MORGAN R. MOTTO, Senior Program Assistant

Sponsor

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
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COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND PUBLIC POLICY

Members

GEORGE WHITESIDES (Chair), Woodford L. and Ann A. Flowers University
Professor, Harvard University, Boston, MA
CLAUDE R. CANIZARES, Vice President for Research, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge
RALPH J. CICERONE (Ex officio), President, National Academy of Sciences,
Washington, DC
EDWARD F. CRAWLEY, Executive Director, CMI, and Professor, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge
RUTH A. DAVID, President and Chief Executive Officer, Analytic Services, Inc.,
Arlington, VA
HAILE T. DEBAS, Executive Director, UCSF Global Health Sciences, Maurice
Galante Distinguished Professor of Surgery, San Francisco, CA
HARVEY FINEBERG (Ex officio), President, Institute of Medicine, Washington,
DC
JACQUES S. GANSLER, Vice President for Research, University of Maryland,
College Park
ELSA M. GARMIRE, Professor, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
M. R. C. GREENWOOD (Ex officio), Professor of Nutrition and Internal
Medicine, University of California, Davis
W. CARL LINEBERGER, Professor of Chemistry, University of Colorado,
Boulder
C. DAN MOTE, JR. (Ex officio), President and Glenn Martin Institute Professor
of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park
ROBERT M. NEREM, Parker H. Petit Professor and Director, Institute for
Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
LAWRENCE T. PAPAY, Retired, Sector Vice President for Integrated Solutions,
Science Applications International Corporation, La Jolla, CA
ANNE C. PETERSEN, Professor of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA
SUSAN C. SCRIMSHAW, President, Simmons College, Boston, MA
WILLIAM J. SPENCER, Chairman Emeritus, SEMATECH, Austin, TX
LYDIA THOMAS (Ex officio), Retired, Mitretek Systems, Inc., Falls Church, VA
CHARLES M. VEST (Ex officio), President, National Academy of Engineering,
Washington, DC
NANCY S. WEXLER, Higgins Professor of Neuropsychology, Columbia
University, New York, NY
MARY LOU ZOBACK, Vice President Earthquake Risk Applications, Risk
Management Solutions, Inc., Newark, CA
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Staff

RICHARD BISSELL, Executive Director
DEBORAH STINE, Associate Director (up to August 2007)
MARION RAMSEY, Administrative Coordinator
NEERAJ P. GORKHALY, Senior Program Assistant
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BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY

Members

JONATHAN M. SAMET (Chair), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
RAMON ALVAREZ, Environmental Defense Fund, Austin, TX
JOHN M. BALBUS, Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, DC
DALLAS BURTRAW, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC
JAMES S. BUS, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI
RUTH DEFRIES, University of Maryland, College Park
COSTEL D. DENSON, University of Delaware, Newark
E. DONALD ELLIOTT, Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, Washington, DC
MARY R. ENGLISH, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
J. PAUL GILMAN, Oak Ridge Center for Advanced Studies, Oak Ridge, TN
SHERRI W. GOODMAN, Center for Naval Analyses, Alexandria, VA
JUDITH A. GRAHAM (Retired), Pittsboro, NC
WILLIAM P. HORN, Birch, Horton, Bittner and Cherot, Washington, DC
WILLIAM M. LEWIS, JR., University of Colorado, Boulder
JUDITH L. MEYER, University of Georgia, Athens
DENNIS D. MURPHY, University of Nevada, Reno
PATRICK Y. O’BRIEN, ChevronTexaco Energy Technology Company,
Richmond, CA
DOROTHY E. PATTON, (Retired) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Chicago, IL
DANNY D. REIBLE, University of Texas, Austin
JOSEPH V. RODRICKS, ENVIRON International Corporation, Arlington, VA
ARMISTEAD G. RUSSELL, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
ROBERT F. SAWYER, University of California, Berkeley
KIMBERLY M. THOMPSON, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
MONICA G. TURNER, University of Wisconsin, Madison
MARK J. UTELL, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
CHRIS G. WHIPPLE, ENVIRON International Corporation, Emeryville, CA
LAUREN ZEISE, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland

Senior Staff

JAMES J. REISA, Director
DAVID J. POLICANSKY, Scholar
RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Senior Program Officer for Environmental Studies
EILEEN N. ABT, Senior Program Officer for Risk Analysis
SUSAN N.J. MARTEL, Senior Program Officer for Toxicology
KULBIR BAKSHI, Senior Program Officer
ELLEN K. MANTUS, Senior Program Officer
RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Senior Editor
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OTHER REPORTS OF THE
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND PUBLIC POLICY

Advanced Research Instrumentation and Facilities (2006)
Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic
Science and Engineering (2006)
Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a
Brighter Economic Future (2005)
Policy Implications of International Graduate Students and Postdoctoral
Scholars in the United States (2005)
Setting Priorities for NSF-sponsored Large Research Facility Projects (2004)
Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research (2004)
Science and Technology in the National Interest: Ensuring the Best Presidential
and Federal Advisory Committee and Technology Appointments (2004)
Electronic Scientific, Technical and Medical Journal Publishing and ITS
Implications (2004)
Observations on the President’s Fiscal Year 2003 Federal Science and
Technology Budget (2003)
Implementing the Government Performance and Results Act for Research:
A Status Report (2003)
Scientific and Medical Aspects of Human Reproductive Cloning (2002)
Observations on the President’s Fiscal Year 2002 Federal Science and
Technology Budget (2002)
Experiments in International Benchmarking of U.S. Research Fields (2000)
Observations on the President’s Fiscal Year 2001 Federal Science and
Technology Budget (2000)
Enhancing the Postdoctoral Experience for Scientists and Engineers: A Guide
for Postdoctoral Scholars, Advisors, Institutions, Funding Organizations,
and Disciplinary Societies (2000)
Science and Technology in the National Interest: The Presidential Appointment
Process (2000)
Evaluating Federal Research Programs: Research and the Government
Performance and Results Act (1999)
Capitalizing on Investments in Science and Technology (1999)
Observations on the President’s Fiscal Year 2000 Federal Science and
Technology Budget (1999)
Observations on the President’s Fiscal Year 1999 Federal Science and
Technology Budget (1998)
Adviser, Teacher, Role Model, Friend: On Being a Mentor to Students in
Science and Engineering (1997)
Proceedings of the National Convocation on Science and Engineering Doctoral
Education (1996)
Careers in Science and Engineering: A Student Planning Guide to Grad School
and Beyond (1996)
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