A D V A N C E S I N L E A R N I N G E N V I R O N M E N T S R E S E A R C H A D V A N C E S I N L E A R N I N G E N V I R O N M E N T S R E S E A R C H Evaluating Learning Environments EE nv Evaluating Learning Snapshots of Emerging Issues, Methods va il ru and Knowledge oa nt Environments mi n Wesley Imms eg n University of Melbourne, Australia tL se a Snapshots of Emerging Issues, Benjamin Cleveland r n University of Melbourne, Australia i n Methods and Knowledge g and Kenn Fisher (Eds.) Wesley Imms, Benjamin Cleveland and University of Melbourne, Australia Kenn Fisher (Eds.) The recent trend in innovative school design has provided exciting places to both learn and teach. New generation learning environments have encouraged educators to unleash responsive pedagogies previously hindered by traditional classrooms, and has allowed students to engage in a variety of learning experiences well beyond the traditional ‘chalk and talk’ common in many schools. These spaces have made cross- W disciplinary instruction, collaborative learning, individualised curriculum, ubiquitous e technologies, and specialised equipment more accessible than ever before. The quality s l e of occupation of such spaces has also been encouraging. Many learning spaces now y resemble places of collegiality, intellectual intrigue and comfort, as opposed to the I m restrictive and monotonous classrooms many of us experienced in years past. m s These successes, however, have generated a very real problem. Do these new generation , learning environments actually work – and if so, in what ways? Are they leading to B e the sorts of improved experiences and learning outcomes for students they promise? n j This book describes strategies for assessing what is actually working. Drawing on a m the best thinking from our best minds – doctoral students tackling the challenge of i n isolating space as a variable within the phenomenon of contemporary schooling – C Evaluating Learning Environments draws together thirteen approaches to learning l e environment evaluation that capture the latest thinking in terms of emerging issues, v e methods and knowledge. l a n d a n d K e n n Cover image: Enterprise Centre, Camberwell High ISBN 978-94-6300-535-7 F i School, Victoria, Australia. Hayball Architects. s h Photograph Dianna Snape e r ( E d s SensePublishers ALER 8 . ) Spine 14.199 mm Evaluating Learning Environments ADVANCES IN LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH Volume 8 Series Editors Barry J. Fraser, Curtin University of Technology, Australia David B. Zandvliet, Simon Fraser University, Canada Editorial Board Perry den Brok, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Shwu-yong Huang, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Bruce Johnson, University of Arizona, USA Celia Johnson, Bradley University, USA Rosalyn Anstine Templeton, Montana State University-Northern, USA Bruce Waldrip, University of Tasmania, Australia Scope The historical beginnings of the field of learning environments go back approxi- mately 40 years. A milestone in the development of this field was the establishment in 1984 of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) Special Interest Group (SIG) on Learning Environments, which continues to thrive today as one of AERA’s most international and successful SIGs. A second milestone in the learning environments field was the birth in 1998 of Learning Environments Research: An International Journal (LER), which fills an important and unique niche. The next logical step in the evolution of the field of learning environments is the initiation of this book series, Advances in Learning Environments Research, to complement the work of the AERA SIG and LER. This book series provides a forum for the publication of book-length manuscripts that enable topics to be covered at a depth and breadth not permitted within the scope of either a conference paper or a journal article. The Advances in Learning Environments Research series is intended to be broad, covering either authored books or edited volumes, and either original research reports or reviews of bodies of past research. A diversity of theoretical frameworks and research methods, including use of multimethods, is encouraged. In addition to school and university learning environments, the scope of this book series encompasses lifelong learning environments, information technology learning environments, and various out-of-school ‘informal’ learning environments (museums, environmental centres, etc.). Evaluating Learning Environments Snapshots of Emerging Issues, Methods and Knowledge Edited by Wesley Imms, Benjamin Cleveland and Kenn Fisher University of Melbourne, Australia A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978-94-6300-535-7 (paperback) ISBN: 978-94-6300-536-4 (hardback) ISBN: 978-94-6300-537-1 (e-book) Published by: Sense Publishers, P.O. Box 21858, 3001 AW Rotterdam, The Netherlands https://www.sensepublishers.com/ All chapters in this book have undergone peer review. Cover image: Enterprise Centre, Camberwell High School, Victoria, Australia. Hayball Architects. Photograph © Dianna Snape Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2016 Sense Publishers No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1. Pursuing that Elusive Evidence about What Works in Learning Environment Design 3 Wesley Imms, Benjamin Cleveland and Kenn Fisher Emerging Issues 2. New Generation Learning Environments: How Can We Find Out If What Works Is Working? 21 Wesley Imms 3. What Works: Changing Practice When Spaces Change 35 Mark Osborne 4. What Works? Emerging Issues 45 Lindy Osborne 5. Architects as Agents for Organisational Change in New Generation Learning Spaces 65 David Clarke 6. Working Together in the Space-Between: Pedagogy, Learning Environment and Teacher Collaboration 75 Chris Bradbeer Emerging Methods 7. Emerging Methods for the Evaluation of Physical Learning Environments 93 Benjamin Cleveland 8. Developing New Learning Environments: Co-Constructing Innovation in Education Practice 107 Graeme Oliver 9. A Quasi-Experimental and Single-Subject Research Approach as an Alternative to Traditional Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Learning Environments 117 Terry Byers v TABLE OF CONTENTS 10. Evaluating Learning Environments for the Inclusion of Students with Hearing Difficulties 131 Leanne Rose-Munro 11. The Role of Evaluation as an Educational Space Planning Tool 145 Ana Sala-Oviedo and Wesley Imms Emerging Knowledge 12. Emerging Evaluation Knowledge in New Generation Learning Environments 165 Kenn Fisher 13. A New Curriculum and A New Learning Space: An Opportunity for Real Change in an Irish Context 181 Niamh Barry and Deirdre Raftery 14. A New Post Occupancy Evaluation Tool for Assessing the Indoor Environment Quality of Learning Environments 195 Philippa Soccio 15. The Effective Teaching and Learning Spatial Framework: An Evaluation Tool 211 Jo Dane Afterword 16. The Emerging Importance of the Affective in Learning Environment Evaluations 231 Kenn Fisher and Wesley Imms 17. Evaluating Spaces of Pedagogic Affect 235 Sarah Healy Biographies 251 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The publication of this book was supported by the Australian Research Council’s Linkage Project scheme (LP130100880 Evaluating 21st Century Learning Environments). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Australian Research Council. The E21LE project would like to express its gratitude to Ms Heather Mitcheltree for her extensive work in the development of this book, and to the project’s research partners, Hayball, Keepad Interactive, Anglican Church Grammar School, Australian Science and Maths School (ASMS), Caulfield Grammar School, and Rubida Research. vii INTRODUCTION Camberwell High School Photo courtesy of Hayball Architecture Photo credit: Dianna Snape