Eutrophication of Shallow Lakes with Special Reference to Lake Taihu, China

319 Pages·2007·5.16 MB·English

by  Boqiang Qin

Eutrophication of Shallow Lakes with Special Reference
to Lake Taihu, China
Developments in Hydrobiology 194
Series editor
K. Martens
Eutrophication of Shallow Lakes with Special
Reference to Lake Taihu, China
Edited by
1 1,2 3
B. Qin , Z. Liu & K. Havens
1NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing,China
2InstituteofHydrobiology,JinanUniversity,Guangzhou,China
3DepartmentofFisheriesandAquaticSciences,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,USA
Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, Volume 581 (2007)
123
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
B. Qin, Z. Liu, K. Havens 1–2
INTRODUCTORY PAPERS
Environmental issues of Lake Taihu, China
B. Qin, P. Xu, Q. Wu, L. Luo, Y. Zhang 3–14
The art and science of lake restoration
B. Moss 15–24
PHYSICAL AND GEO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN EUTROPHIC LAKES
Phosphorus dynamics at multiple time scales in the pelagic zone of a large shallow
lake in Florida, USA
K.E. Havens, K.-R. Jin, N. Iricanin, R.T. James 25–42
Chromophoricdissolvedorganicmatter(CDOM)absorptioncharacteristicsinrelation
to fluorescence in Lake Taihu, China, a large shallow subtropical lake
Y. Zhang, B. Qin, G. Zhu, L. Zhang, L. Yang 43–52
Effects of hydrodynamics on phosphorus concentrations in water of Lake Taihu,
a large, shallow, eutrophic lake of China
G. Zhu, B. Qin, G. Gao, L. Zhang, L. Luo, Y. Zhang 53–61
Total inputs of phosphorus and nitrogen by wet deposition into Lake Taihu, China
L. Luo, B. Qin, L. Yang, Y. Song 63–70
The effects of different electron donors on anaerobic nitrogen transformations and
denitrification processes in Lake Taihu sediments
D. Wang, Q. Huang, C. Wang, M. Ma, Z. Wang 71–77
A 200-year historical modeling of catchment nutrient changes in Taihu basin, China
G. Yu, B. Xue, G. Lai, F. Gui, X. Liu 79–87
Evaluation of biogenic and anthropogenic inputs of aliphatic hydrocarbons to Lake
Taihu sediments using biomarkers
W. Qu, B. Xue, C. Su, S. Wang 89–95
Spatio-temporal distribution of nitrogen in the undulating littoral zone of Lake Taihu,
China
H. Wang, J. Lu, W. Wang, P. Huang, C. Yin 97–108
Variations in kinetics of alkaline phosphatase in sediments of eutrophic, shallow,
Chinese lakes
Y. Zhou, X. Cao, C. Song, J. Li, G. Chen, L. Peng 109–116
vi
EnvironmentalchangesinLakeTaihuduringthepastcenturyasrecordedinsediment
cores
B. Xue, S. Yao, W. Xia 117–123
Role of climate and agricultural practice in determining matter discharge into large,
shallow Lake Vo˜rtsja¨rv, Estonia
P. No˜ges, M. Ka¨gu, T. No˜ges 125–134
Stable isotopic composition of nitrate in Lake Taihu, China, and major inflow rivers
A. Townsend-Small, M.J. McCarthy, J.A. Brandes, L. Yang, L. Zhang, W.S. Gardner 135–140
DistributionandchemicalfractionationofheavymetalsinrecentsedimentsfromLake
Taihu, China
J. Shen, E. Liu, Y. Zhu, S. Hu, W. Qu 141–150
Vegetation and soil properties in restored wetlands near Lake Taihu, China
J. Lu, H. Wang, W. Wang, C. Yin 151–159
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES IN EUTROPHIC
SHALLOW LAKES
Quantitative studies on phosphorus transference occuring between Microcystis
aeruginosa and its attached bacterium (Pseudomonas sp.)
L. Jiang, L.Yang, L. Xiao, X. Shi, G. Gao, B. Qin 161–165
Intracellular phosphorus metabolism and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa in
dark/light cycles under various redox potential difference conditions
X. Shi, L. Yang, L. Jiang, F. Kong, B. Qin, G. Gao 167–176
The bacterioplankton of Lake Taihu, China: abundance, biomass, and production
G. Gao, B. Qin, R. Sommaruga, R. Psenner 177–188
Floating-leavedmacrophyte(TrapaquadrispinosaRoxb)bedshavesignificanteffects
on sediment resuspension in Lake Taihu, China
P. Huang, B. Han, Z. Liu 189–193
Nitrogendynamicsandmicrobialfoodwebstructureduringasummercyanobacterial
bloom in a subtropical, shallow, well-mixed, eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu, China)
M.J. McCarthy, P.J. Lavrentyev, L. Yang, L. Zhang, Y. Chen, B. Qin, W.S. Gardner 195–207
Different competitive outcomes among four species of cladocerans under different
algacombinationsofcolonialMicrocystisspp.andgreenalgaScenedesmusobliquus
F. Chen, P. Xie, B. Qin 209–215
The effect of temperature on growth characteristics and competitions of Microcystis
aeruginosa and Oscillatoria mougeotii in a shallow, eutrophic lake simulator system
Z. Chu, X. Jin, N. Iwami, Y. Inamori 217–223
Stability and change of phytoplankton communities in a highly dynamic environ-
ment—the case of large, shallow Lake Balaton (Hungary)
M. Honti, V. Istva´novics, A. Osztoics 225–240
Intra-habitat heterogeneity of microbial food web structure under the regime of
eutrophication and sediment resuspension in the large subtropical shallow Lake
Taihu, China
Q.L. Wu, Y. Chen, K. Xu, Z. Liu, M.W. Hahn 241–254
vii
Effects of limiting nutrients and N:P ratios on the phytoplankton growth in a shallow
hypertrophic reservoir
H.-S. Kim, S-J. Hwang, J.-K. Shin, K.-G. An, C.G. Yoon 255–267
EUTROPHICATION CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF SHALLOW LAKES
Restorationofshallowlakesbynutrientcontrolandbiomanipulation—thesuccessful
strategy varies with lake size and climate
E. Jeppesen, M. Meerhoff, B.A. Jakobsen, R.S. Hansen, M. Søndergaard, J.P. Jensen,
T.L. Lauridsen, N. Mazzeo, C.W.C. Branco 269–285
Dredging effects on P status and phytoplankton density and composition during
winter and spring in Lake Taihu, China
X. Cao, C. Song, Q. Li, Y. Zhou 287–295
Toxicity evaluation of Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, China—a drinking water source
Y. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Wu, Z. Li, L. Sun, M. Qu, Z. Kong 297–303
Updating water quality targets for shallow Lake Balaton (Hungary), recovering from
eutrophication
V. Istva´novics, A. Clement, L. Somlyo´dy, A. Speczia´r, L. G.-To´th, J. Padisa´k 305–318
Removal of agricultural non-point source pollutants by ditch wetlands: implications
for lake eutrophication control
C. Jiang, X. Fan, G. Cui, Y. Zhang 319–327
Hydrobiologia(2007)581:1–2
DOI10.1007/s10750-006-0522-4
EUTROPHICATION IN LAKES
Preface
Boqiang Qin Æ Zhengwen Liu Æ Karl Havens
(cid:1)
SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2007
Eutrophication and algal blooms are worldwide one of the main issues with which the local
environmentalissuesinlakes.Theeutrophication people and Chinese governments are concerned
process and forming mechanisms of algal blooms today.
are particularly complicated in shallow lakes due Lake Taihu is the third largest freshwater lake
to the strong lake–land, air–water and water– in China, with an area of about 2,338 km2 and a
sediment interactions. mean depth of 1.9 m. Now its main function is
In China there are more than 2,700 lakes, with supplying drinking water for the surrounding
a total area of 91,000 km2, and one third of them cites such as Shanghai, Suzhou and Wuxi. It is
are shallow lakes. In recent years, many shallow also very important in tourism, culture fisheries
lakes in China have displayed rapid eutrophica- and navigation. However, with economic devel-
tion and suffered from algal blooms. These opment and increased population in the lake
problems have resulted in a shortage of drinking basin, Lake Taihu is suffering from serious
watersupplyanddegradationoflakeecosystems. eutrophication, so research work on ecosystem
The control of eutrophication in shallow lakes is restoration in the lake is receiving increasing
attention.
The ‘International Symposium on the Eutro-
phication Process and Control in Large Shallow
Guesteditors:B.Qin,Z.Liu&K.Havens
Lakes––With Special Reference to Lake Taihu,
Eutrophicationofshallowlakeswithspecialreferenceto
LakeTaihu,China a Shallow Subtropical Chinese Lake’ was held in
Nanjing during April 22–26, 2005, and provided
B.Qin(&) a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas
NanjingInstituteofGeography&Limnology,
and information by scientists and environment
ChineseAcademyofSciences,73EastBeijingRoad,
Nanjing210008,P.R.China managers on the issues of eutrophication pro-
e-mail:[email protected] cess, control, and management of shallow lakes
in general and Lake Taihu in particular. This
Z.Liu
special issue collects papers presented at the
InstituteofHydrobiology,JinanUniversity,
Guangzhou510632,P.R.China symposium. The editors and the authors of the
papers in this special issue hope that it will make
K.Havens
a significant contribution to the understanding
DepartmentofFisheriesandAquaticSciences,
and management of eutrophication in shallow
UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,Florida32653,
USA lakes.
123
2 Hydrobiologia(2007)581:1–2
Acknowledgements R. Nydick, Lianchun Fan, Liping Zhou, Liuyan
Yang, Marc Schallenberg, Mark Honti, Mark J.
The papers in this volume have all gone through McCarthy, Marley Waiser, Martin T. Dokulil,
theusualreviewprocesswithatleasttworeferees Morton Siyuan Chen, Moshe Gophen, Nathan
for each. As editors, we would therefore like to Hawley,NicolaFohrer,NimalChandrasena,Olav
express our sincere thanks to the following Slaymaker, Peeter No˜ges, Ping-Mei LIEW, Piotr
persons for their cooperation and valuable com- Dawidowicz, Rajendra Kumar Gupta, Raoul
ments on one or several manuscripts: Henry, Robert G. Wetzel, Robert Portielje,
Rosaluz Tavera, Ryo Matsumoto, S.S.S. Sarma,
Sam Lau, Scotta A. Lowe, Shahamat U. Khan,
Reviewers Shigeo Tsujimura, Suwanchai Nitisoravut, Sven
Erik Jorgensen, Takashi Asaeda, Tara Reed,
AloisHerzig,AkioImai,AlanJ.Lewitus,AmyM. Thomas L. Crisman, Tiina No˜ges, Ulrike-G.
Kamarainen, Andrzej Gorniak, Asa Danielsson, Berninger, Vera Istva´novics, Vitor Vasconcelos,
BarbaraRobson,BinheGu,BobFoy,BopingHan, Walter Dodds, Wayne S. Gardner, William R.
Boqiang Qin, Brain Moss, Christian E. W. Stein- Herb,Xinde(Rocky)Cao,ZhengwenLiu,Zoltan
berg,ChristopherW.K.Chow,ClaireL.Schelske, Vekerdy
Colin S. Reynolds, Curtis J. Richardson, David We are also indebted to Henri Dumont for his
Hamilton,DelphineLatour,DietrichSoyez,Dmit- valuable suggestions and help throughout the
ry Lajus, Duran Robert, Edward Santoro, Elly process of producing this special issue, Liancong
Spijkerman, Erik Jeppesen, Fernando Unrein, Luo and Liuyan Yang for their excellent edito-
FigenERKOC,FrancoisGSchmitt,Gea-JaeJoo, rial assistance, Mark McCarthy for the language
GenxingPan,GiovanaO.Fistarol,H.J.(Marieke) checking and Hongwei Yang for providing the
deLange,HarveyShear,HeinzLo¨ffler,HermanJ. cover illustration. We acknowledge the Chinese
Gons,HijranYavuzcanYildiz,HuayuLu,HuiLi, Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science
Isabel Ramirez, James W. McClelland, Jaroslav Foundation of China for their financial support
Vrba, Jianchao Lee, Jidong Gu, Jingsong Yan, (No. KXCZ1-SW-12 and 40514034) for this
John Smol, Judith Wolf, Kaiqin Xu, Karl E. symposium and the editorial affairs of this
Havens, Kelly A. Rusch, Kohji Michioku, Koren volume.
123
Hydrobiologia(2007)581:3–14
DOI10.1007/s10750-006-0521-5
EUTROPHICATION IN LAKES
Environmental issues of Lake Taihu, China
Boqiang Qin Æ Pengzhu Xu Æ Qinglong Wu Æ
Liancong Luo Æ Yunlin Zhang
(cid:1)
SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2007
Abstract Lake Taihu is characterized by its Taihu has occurred. The function of flood dis-
shallowness (mean depth = 1.9 m) and large sur- charging of East Taihu has been limited by
face area (2,338 km2). Runoff sources are mostly flourishing macrophytes. The problems facing in
from the mountainous west and southwest, and Lake Taihu will be alleviated by improving the
outflows are located throughout East Taihu. This management of nutrient sources into the lake.
causes shorter retention times in the south. In
contrast,urbanpollutantsdischargeintonorthern Keywords Lake Taihu (cid:1) Hydrography (cid:1) Water
Taihuandresultinpoorwaterquality.Non-point quality (cid:1) Eutrophication (cid:1) Aquaculture
pollutionfromruralareasandsewagewastewater
is the primary pollution source. Water current
velocity ranges from 10–30 cm s–1, and surface Introduction
currents normally follow wind direction. Bottom
currents appear to be a compensation flow. Most Lake Taihu is situated in the Changjiang (Yan-
waveheightsarelessthan40 cm,andunderwater gtze) delta, the most industrialized area in China
irradiance correlates to seston in the water with high population density, urbanization, and
column. Lacustrine sediment is distributed in economic development. Although Taihu Basin
littoralzones,mostlyalongthewesternshoreline, occupies only 0.4% of China’s territory and 3%
with almost no accumulation in the lake center. of China’s population, it contributes about 10%
IntensiveaquacultureinEastTaihucausedeutro- of Gross National Product (GNP) and 15% of
phication and hampered water supply in sur- province revenues (NSB, 2000; SBSC, 2000;
rounding areas. In addition, development of SBZP, 2000; SBJP, 2000). Lake Taihu is impor-
marshiness in the eastern littoral zones and East tant for water supply, flood control, tourism and
recreation, shipping and aquaculture. It is the
drinking water source for several cities, such as
Guesteditors:B.Qin,Z.Liu&K.Havens Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, and Huzhou. Since
Eutrophicationofshallowlakeswithspecialreferenceto
1980’s, however, economic development has
LakeTaihu,China
resulted in pollutants being produced and dis-
B.Qin(&)(cid:1)P.Xu(cid:1)Q.Wu(cid:1)L.Luo(cid:1)Y.Zhang charged into rivers and the lake. With the
NanjingInstituteofGeography&Limnology,
deterioration of water quality, eutrophication
ChineseAcademyofSciences,73EastBeijingRoad,
and algal blooms (Microcystis spp.) have oc-
210008Nanjing,P.R.China
e-mail:[email protected] curred.Recently,thealgalbloomhasextendedits
123