European Welfare State and Supranational Governance of Social Policy (St. Antony's)

285 Pages·2005·0.86 MB·English

by  Ailish Johnson

European Welfare States
and Supranational
Governance of Social Policy
Ailish Johnson
St Antony’s Series
General Editor: David Faure(2003–) Fellow of St Antony’s College, Oxford
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European Welfare States
and Supranational
Governance of Social
Policy
Ailish Johnson
Foreword by Allan Larsson
in Association with
St Antony’s College, Oxford
© Ailish Johnson 2005
Foreword © Allan Larsson 2005
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ISBN-13:978–1–4039–3995–1
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Johnson,Ailish M.
European welfare states and supranational governance of social policy /
Ailish Johnson;foreword by Allan Larsson.
p.cm.— (St.Antony’s series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13:978–1–4039–3995–1
ISBN-10:1–4039–3995–0
1.European Union countries – Social policy.2.Welfare state –
European Union countries.3.European Union.4.International Labour
Organization.I.Title.II.Series.
HN373.5.J63 2005
320.6’094 — dc22 2004048936
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd,Chippenham and Eastbourne
To my family

Contents
List of Tables and Figures ix
List of Abbreviations xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Foreword by Allan Larsson xv
1 European Welfare States and Supranational
Governance of Social Policy 1
Defining social policy 3
First explanatory variable: welfare state regimes in the EU 7
Second explanatory variable: institutions and new forms
of governance 14
Third explanatory variable: when is ideology relevant? 22
Method and sources 23
2 Governance by Law: Health and Safety in
the Workplace 28
Welfare state preferences in health and safety policy 29
Health and safety regulation in the EU: 1952–85 31
Negotiations on qualified majority voting (QMV) in
art. 118 of the SEA 34
The Framework Directive on the introduction of measures
to encourage improvements in the safety and health of
workers at work (Directive 89/391/EEC) 42
Conclusion: the unanticipated consequences of qualified
majority voting in the SEA 58
3 Governance by Collective Bargaining: The Social
Dialogue 61
Welfare state preferences for Social Dialogue 65
Social Dialogue at the EU level: 1955–90 71
Negotiations on the enhancement of Social Dialogue in the
Maastricht Treaty 74
The Framework Agreement on part-time work: negotiations
and national implementation 86
Conclusion 95
vii
viii Contents
4 Governance by the Open Method of Coordination:
The European Employment Strategy 97
Welfare state preferences in employment policy 98
Employment policies in the ECSC, EEC and EU: 1954–94 103
Amsterdam Treaty negotiations 108
The European Employment Strategy: the anticipated and
unanticipated consequences of the European
Employment Title 123
Conclusion 138
5 Global Governance of Social Policy: EU Member
States at the International Labour Organization 142
The structure of social policy legislation and
rights in the global system 145
National ratifications of ILO Conventions by
EU Member States 151
EU–ILO relations: formal and informal
inter-institutional cooperation 155
Social policy at the global level: five specific issue areas
of cooperation 165
Conclusion: global governance and the EU 183
6 Conclusion 186
Supranational forms of governance compared 187
Leaders, resisters and passive Member States in
supranational governance 196
What’s in and what’s out: the evolution of supranational
governance in social policy 201
Notes 207
Appendix: List of Interviews 227
Bibliography 232
Index 260
List of Tables and Figures
Tables
1.1 Spending on social policy in EU Member States, 1998 9
1.2 Qualified Majority Voting in the Council of Ministers,
1981–2004 16
2.1 Member State political affiliations, 1985 36
2.2 Factors determining the evolution of health and safety
policy at the EU level 50
3.1 Collective bargaining systems in EU-15 Member States 68
3.2 Member State political affiliations 1991–2 75
3.3 Factors determining the evolution of Social Dialogue at
the EU level 85
3.4 Part-time work as a percentage of total employment,
and women as a percentage of part-time workers, 1998 88
4.1 Allocation of labour market expenditures: 1990, 1996 100
4.2 Unemployment rates: 1990, 1996 101
4.3 Member State political affiliations 1995–7 110
4.4 Factors determining the evolution of employment policy
at the EU level 129
5.1 Total number of ILO Convention ratifications by
EU-15 Member States 152
5.2 ILO Convention ratifications by EU-15 Member States
before and after EU membership 153
5.3 Ratifications by EU-15 Member States of ILO
Conventions proposed 1987–2001 154
5.4 National positions in ILO policy areas 167
6.1 Evolution of regional governance in social policy 191
Figures
1.1 Overall research design 26
5.1 Social rights in the global and European system 146
ix