European Tort Law 2006 (Tort and Insurance Law Tort and Insurance Law - Yearbooks)

588 Pages·2008·1.79 MB·English

by  Helmut Koziol

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European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law
Landesgerichtsstraße 11
A-1080 Vienna
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [email protected]
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Research Unit for European Tort Law
Landesgerichtsstraße 11
A-1080 Vienna
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-Mail: [email protected]
This work is published with the financial support of the
Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research,
the European Commission, Munich Re and Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer.
Gedruckt mit Förderung des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft
und Forschung in Wien.
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This book is dedicated to
Sektionschef Hon.-Prof. Dr. Gerhard Hopf
on the occasion of his retirement
as a sign of our sincere gratitude for all his support for the
European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law
and the
Research Unit for European Tort Law
Preface
A harmonisation of European law presupposes sound mutual knowledge of the
jurisdictions involved in the harmonisation process. However, partly due to
language problems it is not always easy to obtain information about all these
jurisdictions, especially as far as new developments are concerned. Against
this background, the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law and the Re-
search Unit for European Tort Law decided to publish a Yearbook on European
Tort Law containing reports on the most interesting new developments in the
field of tort law in different European countries.
The sixth Yearbook on European Tort Law includes reports on most EU
Member States, including the new Member States the Czech Republic, Esto-
nia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Contributions
from Switzerland and Norway, an overview of the developments in the field
of EC law as well as a report on Romanian tort law are also included. Fur-
thermore, the Yearbook contains a comparative overview and several essays
on wrongful death. These essays, as well as the most important results of the
country reports and the comparative overview, were presented and discussed
at the 6th Annual Conference on European Tort Law in Vienna from 12 to 14
April 2007 the opening lecture of which is also published in the present Year-
book. The 7th Annual Conference on European Tort Law will again take place
in Vienna from 27 to 29 March 2008.
In publishing the Yearbook we pursue the idea of providing a comprehen-
sive overview of the latest developments in the law of torts of many European
countries thereby enabling scholars as well as practitioners from different na-
tional backgrounds to keep abreast of questions concerning tort law. Further-
more, we hope that the Yearbook will enhance and promote a greater under-
standing of the respective national legal and judicial systems which is essential
for a successful harmonisation of European tort law.
At this point, we would like to express our gratitude for the support of this
project by the Austrian Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, the Aus-
trian Ministry of Justice, the European Commission, Freshfields Bruckhaus
Deringer, the Kulturabteilung der Stadt Wien, Wissenschafts- und Forschungs-
förderung and Munich Re. Without their support this project could never have
been realised. Moreover, we would like to thank the staff of the Research Unit
for European Tort Law and the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law.
Special thanks go to Mag. Lisa Zeiler for making the Conference such a suc-
cess and Donna Stockenhuber M.A. for once again taking on the delicate and
time-consuming task of proof-reading the entire manuscript. Moreover, we
VIII Preface
would like to thank Vanessa Wilcox LL.B, LL.M for preparing the Index and
Mag. Kathrin Karner-Strobach for unifying the style of the footnotes.
Helmut Koziol and Barbara C. Steininger
Vienna, July 2007
Table of Contents
Opening Lecture .............................................................................................1
Risks and Uncertainties in the Law of Tort
(Herman A. Cousy) ..........................................................................................2
A. Risks and Uncertainties ........................................................................3
B. “Pouvoir et Savoir”. Science and Technology .....................................7
C. The Precautionary Principle .................................................................9
D. Uncertainties, Precaution and Civil Liability .....................................15
Essays on Wrongful Death ..........................................................................27
I. Wrongful Death – Basic Questions
(Helmut Koziol) ..............................................................................................28
II. Wrongful Death and Compensation for Pecuniary Loss
(Christiane C. Wendehorst) ............................................................................35
A. Introduction .........................................................................................35
B. Pecuniary Loss Suffered by the Deceased Himself .............................36
C. Pecuniary Loss Suffered by Third Parties .........................................38
D. Critical Evaluation .............................................................................49
E. Concluding Remarks ...........................................................................51
III. Death and Non-Pecuniary Loss
(W.V.H. Rogers) ..............................................................................................52
IV. Wrongful Death: How Much Does It Cost to Kill Someone?
(Bernhard A. Koch) ........................................................................................61
Reports ..........................................................................................................67
I. Austria
(Barbara C. Steininger) .................................................................................68
A. Legislation ..........................................................................................68
B. Cases ...................................................................................................70
C. Literature ............................................................................................87
X Table of Contents
II. Belgium
(Isabelle C. Durant) .......................................................................................93
A. Legislation ..........................................................................................93
B. Cases ...................................................................................................99
C. Literature ..........................................................................................117
III. Czech Republic
(Jiří Hrádek) ................................................................................................123
A. Legislation ........................................................................................123
B. Cases .................................................................................................130
C. Literature ..........................................................................................143
IV. Denmark
(Vibe Ulfbeck and Søren Bergenser) ............................................................146
A. Legislation ........................................................................................146
B. Cases .................................................................................................147
C. Literature ..........................................................................................151
V. England and Wales
(Ken Oliphant) .............................................................................................153
A. Legislation ........................................................................................153
B. Cases .................................................................................................155
C. Literature ..........................................................................................173
VI. Estonia
(Janno Lahe and Irene Kull) ........................................................................178
A. Legislation ........................................................................................178
B. Cases .................................................................................................180
C. Literature ..........................................................................................187
VII. Finland
(Suvianna Hakalehto-Wainio) ......................................................................191
A. Legislation ........................................................................................191
B. Cases .................................................................................................191
C. Literature ..........................................................................................194
VIII. France
(Olivier Moréteau) .......................................................................................196
A. Legislation ........................................................................................196
B. Cases .................................................................................................199
C. Literature ..........................................................................................210
Table of Contents XI
IX. Germany
(Jörg Fedtke) ................................................................................................213
A. Legislation ........................................................................................213
B. Cases .................................................................................................216
C. Literature ..........................................................................................229
X. Greece
(Eugenia Dacoronia) ...................................................................................237
A. Legislation ........................................................................................237
B. Cases .................................................................................................240
C. Literature ..........................................................................................262
XI. Hungary
(Attila Menyhárd) .........................................................................................269
A. Legislation ........................................................................................269
B. Cases .................................................................................................271
C. Literature ..........................................................................................278
XII. Ireland
(Eoin Quill) ..................................................................................................281
A. Legislation and Official Reports .......................................................281
B. Cases .................................................................................................284
C. Literature ..........................................................................................295
XIII. Italy
(Elena Bargelli) ............................................................................................299
A. Legislation ........................................................................................299
B. Cases .................................................................................................302
C. Literature ..........................................................................................310
XIV. Latvia
(Agris Bitāns) ...............................................................................................311
A. Legislation ........................................................................................311
B. Cases .................................................................................................315
C. Literature ..........................................................................................318
XV. Lithuania
(Herkus Gabartas and Milda Laučienė) ......................................................322
A. Legislation ........................................................................................322
B. Cases .................................................................................................323
C. Literature ..........................................................................................333