European Light-Weight Steel-Framed Construction

92 Pages·2008·18.58 MB·English

European

Lightweight ctoel-framed

Construction
Contents

Project and construction

Rehawinwr af a Iilding
with studs ana beams

‘constuction principlss
Praject arganiastios and design

Ccod-formed sections

Properties
wanntaetoring

‘able of allowable loads
ut colled sections foe sus
‘red eared ata

Pabrication, prefabrication
snd eraction

‘Construction sige erection
Saetory prefabrisation

‘Physical constraints
of esidential buildings

Soundprofing
and acoustic properties

Acoust behaviour af lightweight
teal framed bulldinge

‘Attennation of alrborne noise ina
Duilding with lightweight steel

Lightweight steel structure loom
Longitudinal propagation ef sound
‘connectian hetween two mambers

Sound irsulation
of sanitery equipment

Protection
agelnst heat and moisture

‘Winter thermal insilation

Summer thermal tnnulation

a

16

18

a

2

en

Fire Frotection

jcsives

irs porfurmants of diferent
Inaterlas used in ightesighe
Steel-iramed eoneiruelion

Classification anel approval
of differant eveogorir uf =a
Feodetant uibere

ie performances
of composi:e panels

corrosion control

Development possibilities
Tor lightweight
stoel-fremed construction

Fastening,
Choosing a fastening method
Serews

cineting

Rivets

welds

Boles

(lip-togethor systems
Adhesives

examples
Spain
Portugal
Hialors

ona
“The Nerthernds

Belgian
‘United-Kingdom

‘ibliography

82
Light steel solutions for a better world

As you probably know, steal is one of the most popalar prime mat
{in cousteueclon, Its applicetions range very broadly from structure, cladding,
roofing, floors and parvitions, fittings, electricity, KVAG, to decorativu,
Numerous steel solutions nave heen suecsssfully dovelapes and implemented

in Uuis market fer many years,

You may not kuow that, inthe world, every day 4500 keys are turned into
nov houses or flats in cities, ia order 1o accommodate roughly 200 00¢ poople.
‘ty have a home er even a meve soof is 2 will, butalso a concern for a lot of
people on the Earth, even in developed cowr'tries.
tea! industry as a whole, nelnding prdncers, transformers
distributors, fabricatars..e by the way interested to contribute to the
sutisfuctior of these eurtomere, Of eouree, this specific residential macket is
Jgmented, difficsl! reach due to @ long supply chain and numerous decision

ve have an excellent of'er, so called “steel frase Mu ase"
ed in this dacnment. we propose to *rame houses with light gaugo cole
sd ga.vanizod steel profiles, assembled by tasteners, and able to withstend
ccorrently two or three level

‘fe want tc potrt out few but huge advantages of the steel solution: easy
‘to produce in shaps trom slisted coils, easy to cut with commor. tools, easy to
a2sseunble with self drilling sorews for some of the other in-oresting assombling
possibilities) This sechniqne allows in addlitins ensy integration of services
iplunbing, electsicity, air conditioning... in the thicknwss of walls and
partitions

Troma s

{inability point of view, steel framed house is very efficient,
Slee! is 100% recyclable, and actually UO% of the steels used in construction
cum from cceyeling, Stoul is light: you nued less fouudaticn, aud you ct build
fon regular even poor soils. In addition, tharks tr the flesihility of the
paremetzrs ard to composite materials used in this construction, you can
‘uonitor ia an efficient way thormal, aeoustie and comfert roqu:remonts,
inelnding the quality of the si

‘Arenitecis can develop their skill to presen assthctics homes, wich revival
of spaces and golours. Stool is ¢ very valuable solution regarding she priee
bf comstraesion (ineliding frmmaationa, the delay zn crmpleta the cnmstiction
lvodnction af martgages and feos), and the oas:s af Tunetioning and maintenance
Guring the whole life of ths Louse,

‘Tam convined shet in this dacument, presenring these solutiona and their
adsplation in various countries, coping vith local regulations, you wil find

dua ts feud your eeuaLivity aa wo develop yoar ova expectise und business

efficiency. OF course this building method can le app ied to ather categories
of buildings such as medium ccmmercial or industrial ones

“invite you ts join the European Light Steel Construction Association
[TSKi, headquertered in Brussels to get mor> information to design with
Eurocode 3 (part 1.3) and to share building exparionees.
Furpain igheaight Steamed Corsiustan

Introduction

Lightwlght steel frame panals beve the
svatage of lightness, high Inada,
tapacity aad wide range af possible
uses. Main contractors pre‘ dry
bonstructions for funy out affices,
‘warehouses or production sremises,
“owseves, in some eounteies, quis lange
proportion of private houses and wl
Svorey residential buildings are also boing
built lowe cost wis ightwvight steel
soolions fig. 11 New produets 1a thin
eel sheets, combined with impcoved
plating and insulating maorin's, wake
Site at interesting option ean
Ineesasing number of appliescions tm
moder cancer,

‘with its variety of sections, onlanes
sssombly techniques, associations with
thor materials a! Torming Wekniques,
Steel ean be pracccally asad in an
‘unlimited number 9 ways. its recyelable
uae is au svalage Gor Ute
‘Sonpcruclion a ceil ules,
thas wany different flashes anda wide
‘range of forms shes cnable tte most ell,
Yeubcrienia. Th olen to being
fcuvirouentelly ofa, thie nacural™
‘meteral is alsa magnetic: mazing ic easy
i avtrnct fron disparate wrate heape,
All inca that ave sollte, gardens
of tips for example. screpican be ‘uly
rovjeled ta prods extrsmely Hine
quate, Chosently, rearly 80% of total
Step, production is derived from reryeled
Steel mosis the requirements 9a type of|
Inullding thet protecte natural sesources
ee be used te make mesabers (al are
durable, separable. dismountable ana
reusable, at on the Whole use up very
lied ot dau ears aen-nenemable

Tighewighs sleet aed constractions

bs cenpoted of ents and bname maa

From chin, Tae 7-shnqea cold formed

Selena The thickness ofthe sheet can

Fonge between 06 925mm fora

‘maxcau ass per vit of length

2f 0.075 NP.

‘This i x relalively now process with masy

fhnet ona’ an teckelogien quslities tial

‘make stan perticulacly well shlved for

buile.ng eonstretion (Fig. 2 3,

Lightiveight steel constractions save many

advantages

+ very Light

1 excepelonaly cold in relation so weights

+ dimousioual stably

1 plabilty of shape In o0so of humic

1 rapid on-aite erection,

1 considorabl potential forthe neegeling
ind rwuse fal the steals use

« Snoomsustiility estegony 8 material
Eowever its rusissanee to fire depends 00
the plang, msterial: nn increased sak of
fire during building,

+ cop-quality assembly tochniquess

+ ess to prefebricate

‘The structure in light sections is ceve-vé
wih plates. The choioe a une material
‘sed Zo ewer the sactions end the
thickases of thie materiel cepmd om the
pliysical eonstralts of the member. For
Imes! partitions, plasterboard or fibre
plestar plazos are proferred becaus> thoy
>provile gand acoustic propersies when
Ty are ured acres this ations. also,
Inthe event ofa fio, they reduce the hoot
‘that roaches the sections, They are also

sany to past and wallpapoe (Fi, 6, 6,7)
Lighoweighs staal eonctrsction oan bo used
to bill sp ta four sterey-haildiags a hw
Valles vesidentie! buildings ave usually
built with 2 frame mado of steal girders
‘The main advantages of lighsweight sae)
Irames is their weight and the fact thet
17 mazes possizle to artct
‘ncombust be buildings. They therefore
provide sohutions for urner reeiertial
fe-densifieation. In buildings wl
Inflamunable materials ae now prohibited
find where the eight of rsised pars is
‘ory limited because the al owable ood,

Dt “ounddatians cannot be irereased at
‘anvcuntomicel cos, this process has
Secon sssential,
Inaautor
apean lpg Stea!-famed Canstucton

‘cds at Ba

‘The so-callad Yopen" constraction systems
bold alot uf promise: theseare wetavds
‘and tachniques hasad on smar priveiples
fn flnsible srsemblies. Thoy are calied
“thie generation” systems Thess are
mate up of sub-systems that.co not
Alepend on situations ane projects, anc
ley ein Utorefore he mss prucuoa,
(jes proteases offer yeentr Tenby
and nore fioedom duting design. iz the
automobile industry tis possible to coer
Sacly ll the uoed of designera with a
‘muller amount of elements that ean be
‘ombsined in many different vers

‘The advantage of ie wpa Tes ta
Iatitnd shee oeiden designers, hash in
terms of the technical quality of
ssveunbled stembers and overall
profitability

Because ofthe increasingly strict require.
ments relating te physice] progres, tue
‘Tuelity of tae conscructinn, ita leibi-ty
fe individua. characce, itis vomstanly
Secoming moze important to butt
etordable residential buelings,
anufaccuring and assembly constraints
‘ust therefore be wrken into accu ght
fram he press desig pliae
Projet a anebueton

Project and construction

Behaviour of a building
with studs and beams

ulling with a frame in ightvelght
eotions iv lac to bullding with studs
fre boas In a dffvers materiel

ech upright stud :sinsorte at the top
and base nia wlurisansal U seetion and
{is system distrisutes:ho load on the
Soprighos stud,

(Coase beans ae, depending cn tbe
fenstmict on mod, mounted 0
‘antilevecso7 hostoen studs.

From stati vevesoint, thre is
signiticam dttorenco notween &
lightweight Stes structure construction,
fanda construction with #triiioums!
fram, Ta oil is ok bore hy structure
Uns ialeedent of the beng shel, Re
Is borne by load-hoaring panels sot lee
Serve to parison She buldeg

"The plating ie plaosd on uprights in cole
formed sections Thieves asim
fconstmctiar where eath panel eam eae
perpendiralar pressure ar its surfare as
tell ea heeigactal loads se foceos

“These thin panels with cold formed
plated structures can be ased for

Honfeoatl as wel as vera: surfaces, and ae
{er foor ae cond earings Nesta
Tiheae panels ars iid that be seen
sections wl aot ay or Duelo tiey are
Proven ls
‘Wall nels are nsed not ony for
carrying vertia loads ut els brace
tho ailing ogsinet rt ras, or
cable eit pransure duet th
peat poitaog ef alls Ts 76
thls and laying ofthe lating see
Hrtraiom 12 hows thet
ofieads on well and floor panels. Fach KLE SIS SS
{fal panel chris the for te arn ————~
song ie engi he panel rane the may
lchtdontencon sca fl Z=SeN
bending soment anda horizontal Cros
‘The authoring ef te setions into she van
‘aos mnstchertora be sol ough uct ee
only i rane Us anal stress tothe gain
ftoand hus or ae stone, a sn Siem
ihe tranveral force, sto
ifort nesta are used in iene a
counties to calla the diaphragr affect. few
obtained ch plasterboard. Hor sxuapl, ene
European get: Stele Canseucton

aga

®

the application of the cesfgn rales ofthe
wvedish Code for Lighi- Gage Metal
Structatee for akelevr fremings
eanetated with plasterhourd reveals thelr
Sultabiity for exerimen:e] measures. 1s
the United Staves a whole range of tse
vias ecstod out with section panels. OSS,
Flewond ane rlastesbaars. The resules
‘rere translated ctu sandals in 1998 in
the format sabe af inad- bearing,
cxpucitiss and resistance ta state and

Howrver, incerta counties, suct a
Germany, the absence of a specific
slandend means that osisental buildings
‘have to be braced vith eiagomals ince
the panels (Fig. 13) The eperoval of eh
joerg deta =
fSoosuiuetion wich panels can be obtained
fone onse-by case basis, eats 2anductod
Inthe intitete ofthe Darmetade Torhntes!
Univeusity, however, sow Heat a pati
‘macle of to 12.5 mam. thick fb plascer
Thonn, fied om Coeections messing 1D
ASN 10% TR ac, sujet in aa
NS. =38 kN with a space between exch
enw of eR = 100 mm, can bear 8
Dor-zoatal rust of 8k (via gamuna
saferyTaesnrof 8

Tn the same ves, the deflection resulting
‘Eom wind dhrastis considered ta be
IneignTeant for butldings Ta have ma
sore thas to Full storeys, on condition
that bracing panels are plseod on the four
futer walls, The values given ing, 16are
tivided between zo walls thagh ths,
table staves tat only eno bracing pane! is
‘bedi fy socom bo plas be
the parallel wall a eure static
stability, using a3 abaais a building wth
svedes of 7.50. ane 280° high Hoos,
Proc an conebueton

dinamo Ts ta

Construction principles

‘As ws th various ennstrsction
pracesses wth columns and beams, there

‘sro iferealeyssems in lightwaight
‘tog. struchore construction: balloon-
frome and platiorn-frame

Platform-treme
‘Woh this system, the wall pano.s ere

erectac on ae nor in suck way Bat
{the floor bal transmis the Ioed. This is
‘avery sommron censeruction system,
(Compared with tre balioun--rame, itis
the advan of ass the exeplted aoe
fsa work platform for exact.ng the next

Balloon-rame
‘Wah this cystom, che floors aro nalad to
the front or side ef the eo urs. Load,
Dearing wll members ainda est he
INgher than Ronn, thus Maing i
pessihle to work on larger surfaces. This
xsthod alse saves ou hor zontal
feonnectien mir a. "These pints ara also
fanadvancage in temas 2¢ air ghaess,
However, tiny ean make work slight ¥
ure com plicated echnical.
‘Combination systems aye also very
common, Hel solled sections oF s classic
Sieol Irame may he used to ebtais 2 wider
San. lnad-bearing panels in lightwrelgnt
{cee structures ean be used for the outer
‘ls wh letting the ternal stu to
Trlics Use nusaber of membors weed
furepesnighwett Seettamed Gansructon

ows ' 1s also possible to opt for panes in

intact light vectione for walle and vo lay solid

Senirrmcer Llnnre on a sompoite dere Te Fan
noselb Te to uve spetal pease using,
‘pecifie sections (Fig 23)

Sections iu Uni shoots are serowed or
riveted to eachother: casing plces are
{enerellyserowed onto the actal
Supports. A modern altemaive co this
fastening ode is power naling see
chaplar amufastusiag, prefabsieation
rusiesera ——snitassently'
yb zSerm ut tenis wo be nixed with the teagth of

Fopetee the plates and takes state ates io
SuGE ya account. an oonomie sonsruetion mals
ts adopted sn spacing 025 em this
reproducing the oneal mennurement of
‘terial plates When the sections are
Ahikar to 2.5 mum) wad the patae mare
id ie apaciog of the sept oop 63
125 om. If te static Toads are coo high,
{his spacing fs sometimes reduces &9 31.25

Mtapeetpea

te Ti perel for an outside wall for
ecample, the spacing cf studs may capend
fn the pinject Te makes esonomie sense
‘tp make them coincide with openings
1 avoid any eariations Fg. 42) for a
Lots in a large opening is 8 load-bearing
wall or for an extremely large opening,
itis possible to use reinforced or framed
old formed sections or even hot rlled
seston
‘usd |

sees