European Democratization since 1800

295 Pages·2000·3.799 MB·English

by  John Garrard, Vera Tolz, Ralph White (eds.)

European Democratization
since 1800
Edited by
John Garrard, Vera Tolz and
Ralph White
European Democratization since 1800
Also by John Garrard
LEADERSHIP AND POWER IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY TOWNS
THE ENGLISH AND IMMIGRATION: English Reaction to Jewish Emigration
Also by Vera Tolz
* RUSSIAN ACADEMICIANS AND THE REVOLUTION
* THE DEMISE OF THE USSR: From Communism to Interdependence
(editor with Iain Elliot)
THE USSR’S EMERGING MULTIPARTY SYSTEM
Also by Ralph White
RESISTANCE IN EUROPE, 1939–1945 (editor)
* From the same publishers
European Democratization
since 1800
Edited by
John Garrard
Senior Lecturer in British History and Politics
University of Salford
Vera Tolz
Reader in Russian History and Politics
University of Salford
and
Ralph White
Senior Fellow
Department of Politics and Contemporary History
University of Salford
First published in Great Britain 2000 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
Acatalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-40928-0 ISBN 978-0-333-98331-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780333983317
First published in the United States of America 2000 by
ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
IISSBBNN 997788--00--331122--2222338833--00
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
European democratization since 1800 / edited by John Garrard, Vera
Tolz and Ralph White.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
IISSBBNN 997788--00--331122--2222338833--00
1. Democracy—Europe—History. 2. Democratization—Europe–
–History. I. Garrard, John. II. Tolz, Vera. III. White, Ralph,
1935– .
JN9.E87 1999
321.8’094'09034—dc21 99–15592
CIP
Selection, editorial matter and Chapters 1 and 14 ©John Garrard, Vera Tolz and
Ralph White 2000
Chapter 3 ©John Garrard 2000
Chapter 5 ©Ralph White 2000
Chapter 10 ©Vera Tolz 2000
Chapters 2, 4, 6–9, 11–13 ©Macmillan Press Ltd 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-73894-8
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written
permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P0LP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained
forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Notes on the Contributors ix
1 Introduction 1
John Garrard, Vera Tolz and Ralph White
2 Liberal Democratic Theory: Some Reflections on Its
History and Its Present 6
Adrian Oldfield
Part 1 The Nineteenth Century
3 Democratization in Britain 27
John Garrard
4 Bearing the Stamp of History: The Elitist Route to
Democracy in the Netherlands 50
Robert van der Laarse
Part 2 Between the World Wars
5 Democracy and War 77
Ralph White
6 The Attempt at Democratization under Weimar 96
Stefan Berger
7 The Corporatist Threat and the Overthrow of the
Spanish Second Republic 116
Angel Smith
Part 3 Post-1945
8 Restoration and Stability: The Creation of a Stable
Democracy in the Federal Republic of Germany 141
Mark Roseman
v
vi Contents
Part 4 Post-Communist Eastern Europe
9 Post-Communist East-Central Europe: Dilemmas of
Democratization 163
Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone
10 Russia’s Democratic Transition and Its Challenges 191
Vera Tolz
11 Insiders, Mafiosi and Stationary Bandits: Some Stories about
Russian Capitalism 206
Philip Hanson
12 Citizenship and Democracy 225
Elizabeth Teague
13 Democratic Destination: The Examples of Britain and Italy 243
James Newell
14 Conclusions 264
John Garrard, Vera Tolz and Ralph White
Index 275
Acknowledgements
The editors would like to thank David Garrard and Judy White for
their generous help in preparing the manuscript for publication,
and Keith Povey and Elaine Towns for their splendid copy-editing. For
all sins and omissions, we are entirely responsible.
JOHNGARRARD
VERATOLZ
RALPHWHITE
vii
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Notes on the Contributors
Stefan Berger is Senior Lecturer at the School of European
Studies, University of Wales, Cardiff. His most recent public-
ations include The Search for Normality: National Identity and
Historical Consciousness in Germany since 1800 (1997) and Ungleiche
Schwestern? Die britische Labour Party und die deutsche SPD, 1900–1931
(1997; English, 1994).
John Garrardis Senior Lecturer in British History at the University of
Salford. His publications include The English and Immigration: English
Reaction to Jewish Emigration 1880–1910 (1970); and Leadership and
Power in the Nineteenth’ Century Towns(1983).
Philip Hansonis Professor of Political Economy of Russia and Eastern
Europe at the University of Birmingham, UK. He is the author of a
number of books and journal articles on the Soviet and Russian
economies.
Rob Van der Laarseis Assistant Professor in the Department of History
and Regional Studies at the University of Amsterdam. He is the author
ofBevoogding and Bevinding (1989) (‘Paternalism and Pietism’), which
was awarded the Erasmus Study Prize in 1990. He has also published
widely on various aspects of European cultural history and Dutch
religious and political culture.
James Newellis Lecturer in Politics and Contemporary History at the
University of Salford. He has published articles on various aspects of
British and Italian Politics.
Adrian Oldfield is Senior Lecturer in Political Theory at Salford
University. His publications include Citizenship and Community: Civic
Republicanism and the Modern World(1990).
Teresa Rakowska-Harmstoneis Professor Emeritus of Political Science
at Carleton University (Canada) and Associate of Davis Center of
Russian Studies and Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University.
Her books include Perspective for Change inCommunist Societies (1979);
ix