CLARK by PETER Edited I BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY The European Crisis ofthe 1590s Digitized by the Internet Archive 2014 in http://archive.org/details/europeancrisisofOOclar THE EUROPEAN CRISIS OF THE 1590s Essays in Comparative History Edited by PETER CLARK London GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN Boston Sydney ©PeterClark, 1985 This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. No reproduction withoutpermission. Allrights reserved GeorgeAllen& Unwin (Publishers) Ltd, 40Museum Street, LondonWC1A 1LU, UK GeorgeAllen& Unwin (Publishers) Ltd, Park Lane, HemelHempstead, Herts HP24TE, UK Allen& UnwinInc., FiftyCross Street, Winchester, Mass01890, USA George Allen& Unwin AustraliaPty Ltd, 8 Napier Street, North Sydney, NSW2060, Australia Firstpublishedin 1985. BritishLibraryCataloguing in PublicationData Clark, Peter, 1944 TheEuropeancrisis ofthe 1590s. 1. Europe History 1517-1648 I. Title 940.2'32 D228 ISBN 0-04-940074-6 Library ofCongressCataloging inPublicationData Main entry undertitle: TheEuropean crisis ofthe 1590s. Includes index. 1. Europe History 1517-1648 Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Europe Social conditions 16thcentury Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Clark, Peter, 1944- D231.E95 1984 940.2'32 84-12371 ISBN 0-04-940074-6 (alk. paper) Set in 10on 12 point Bembo by Computape (Pickering) Ltd and printed in Great Britain by Butler& Tanner Ltd, Fromeand London VI Contents ListofMaps page ix ListofAbbreviations x Preface xi PART ONE 1 Introduction 3 Peter Clark 2 Dearth, the English Crown and the 'Crisis ofthe 1590s' 23 R. B. Outhwaite 3 A Crisis Contained? The Condition ofEnglish Towns in the 1590s 44 Peter Clark 4 Dearth, Famine and Social Policy in the Dutch Republic at the End ofthe Sixteenth Century 67 Leo Noordegraaf 5 Civil War and Natural Disaster in Northern France 84 Philip Benedict 6 The Later Wars ofReligion in the French Midi 106 M. Greengrass 7 The European Crisis ofthe 1590s: the Situation in German Towns 135 Heinz Schilling 8 Northern Italy in the 1590s 157 N. S. Davidson 9 Southern Italy in the 1590s: Hard Times or Crisis? 177 Peter Burke 10 Village-BuildinginSicily: anAristocraticRemedyforthe 191 Crisis ofthe 1590s Timothy Davies 11 Spain: a Failed Transition 209 James Casey vii The European Crisis ofthe 1590s PART TWO 12 Demographic Crisis and Europe in the 1590s 231 David Souden 13 PopularDisorder 244 C. S. L. Davies 14 TheImpactofWar 261 A. A. Thompson /. 15 TheRoles ofthe StateandtheTownintheGeneral Crisis ofthe 1590s 285 Brian Pullan 16 YetAnotherCrisis? 301 J. H. Elliott ListofContributors 313 Index 315 viii Maps TheDutchRepublicinthe 1590s page 68 Franceinthe 1590s 107 Sicilyinthe 1590s 192 Spaininthe 1590s 210 ix