European Competition Law Annual, 2004: The Relationship Between Competition Law and the (Liberal) Professions (European Competition Law Annual)

646 Pages·2006·2.26 MB·English

by  Claus-Dieter Ehlermann

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EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL 2004:
The Relationship Between Competition Law and the (Liberal) Professions
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EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL:
2004
The Relationship Between Competition Law and
the (Liberal) Professions
Edited by
Claus-Dieter Ehlermann
and
Isabela Atanasiu
OXFORD – PORTLAND OREGON
2006
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P E R M A N E N T S P O N S O R S O F T H E
A N N UA L E U I C O M P E T I T I O N
WO R K S H O P S
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
Contact: Calvin S. Goldman, QC
Commerce Court West
199 Bay Street
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
M5L 1A9
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton
Contact: Prof. Mario Siragusa
Rome Office
Piazza di Spagna 15
I-00187 Rome
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Hengeler, Müller, Weitzel, Wirtz
Contact: Jochen Burrichter
Trinkausstrasse 7
D-40213 Düsseldorf
Germany
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Howrey Simon Arnold & White
Contact: James Rill Esq.
1299 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20004
Tel: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: [phone]
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vi Permanent Sponsors of the Annual EUI Competition Workshops
Martinez Lage & Asociados
Contact: Santiago Martínez Lage
Claudio Coello 37—28001 Madrid
Tel [phone] –
Fax [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom L.L.P.
Contact: Prof. Barry Hawk
Brussels Office
523 Avenue Louise
B-1050 Brussels
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
White & Case/Forrester Norral & Sutton
Contact: Prof. Ian Forrester
Brussels Office
62, rue de la Loi
B-1040 Brussels
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP
Contact: John Ratliff
Bastion Tower
Place du Champ deMars/Marsveldplein 5
B-1050 Brussels,Belgium
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
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C O N T E N T S
List of Sponsors v
Table of Cases ix
INTRODUCTION xix
PANEL ONE: ECONOMIC ASPECTS 1
PANELDISCUSSION
INTRODUCTORYSTATEMENTBYMARIOMONTI
DISCUSSION 3
Working Papers: 49
I Benito Arruñada: Managing Competition in Professional
Services and the Burden of Inertia 51
II Amelia Fletcher: The Liberal Professions—Getting the
Regulatory Balance Right 73
III Marc Hameleers, Jeroen van den Heuvel Rijnders and
Sander Baljé: Towards a Smarter Protection of Public Interests
in the Liberal Professions 85
IV Harald Herrmann:Antitrust Law Compliance and Professional
Governance: How Can the European Commission Trigger
Competitive Self-regulation? 101
V Frédéric Jenny: Regulation, Competition and the Professions 131
VI Frank H Stephen: The Market Failure Justification for the
Regulation of Professional Service Markets and the
Characteristics of Consumers 143
VII Roger van den Bergh:Towards Efficient Self-regulation in
Markets for Professional Services 155
PANEL TWO: LEGAL ISSUES 177
PANELDISCUSSION 179
Working Papers: 217
I Pamela Brumter Coret: Freedom of Establishment and Freedom
to Provide Services for Regulated Professions in the Internal
Market: New Initiatives by the Commission 219
II John D Cooke: Vocation as Commodity 229
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viii Contents
III Harry First: Liberal or Learned?European and US Antitrust
Approaches to the Professions 239
IV Ian S Forrester: Where Law Meets Competition: Is Wouters
Like a Cassis de Dijon or A Platypus? 271
V Hans Gilliams: Competition Law and Public Interest: Do We
Need to Change the Law for the (Liberal) Professions? 295
VI Calvin S Goldman and Benjamin R Little: The Regulated
Conduct Defence in Canada 335
VII Luc Gyselen: Anti-competitive State Action in the Area of
Liberal Professions: An EU/US Comparative Law Perspective 353
VIII William Kolasky: Antitrust and the Liberal Professions:
The US Experience 397
IX Santiago Martínez Lage and Rafael Allendesalazar Corcho:
Professions and Competition in Spain: A Long and Winding
Road 409
X Assimakis P Komninos: Resolution of Conflicts in the
Integrated Article 81 EC 451
PANEL THREE: INSTITUTIONAL/POLITICAL ISSUES 473
PANELDISCUSSION 475
Working Papers 515
I Lowri Evans, Maija Laurila and Ruth Paserman: Professional
Services: Recent EU Developments and Work in Progress 517
II Allan Fels: The Australian Experience Concerning Law and
the Professions 529
III William E Kovacic: Competition Policy Research and
Development, Institutional Interdependency, and the Future
Work of Competition Agencies in the Professions 547
IV Mark C Schechterand Christine C Wilson: The Learned
Professions in the United States: Where Do We Stand Thirty
Years after Goldfarb? 555
V Mario Siragusa: Critical Remarks on the Commission’s Legal
Analysis in its Report on Competition in Professional Services 583
Bibliography 591
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TA B L E O F C A S E S
1.EC Courts:
Aalborg Portland A/S and Others v. Commission, Joined Cases
C-204/00 P, C-205/00 P, C-211/00 P, C-213/00 P, C-217/00 P and
C-219/00 P [2004] ECR I-123 .................................................................313
Adoui v. Belgium and City of Liège, andCornuaille v. Belgium (“Belgian
Barmaids”), Joined Cases 15 and 116/81, [1982] ECR 1665 ....................291
Åklagaren v. Krister Hanner, Case C-438/02, judgment pending ...10, 181, 271
Albany International v. Bedrijfspensioenfonds Textielindustrie,
Brentjens’ Handelsonderneming v. Bedrijfspensioenfonds voor de
Handel in Bouwmaterialen, andMaatschappij Drijvende Bokken v.
Pensioenfonds voor de Vervoer- en Havenbedrijven, in Cases
C-67/96, C-115-117/97, and respectively C-219/97, [1999] ECR
I-6121 ...................................................................................321–3, 469–70
AOK Bundesverband and Others v. Ichthyol-Gesellschaft Cordes,
Hermani & Co., Mundipharma GmbH, Gödecke GmbH, Intersan,
Institut für pharmazeutische und klinische Forschung GmbH,Joined
Cases C-264/01, C-306/01, C-354/01 and C-355/01, [2004] ECR
I-2493 ............................................................................................299, 378
Asia Motor France v. Commission, Case T-154/98, [1999] ECR
II-703 .............................................................................................304,313
Autotrasporti Librandi, Case C-38/97 [1998] ECR I-5955 ..........................305
Béguelin Import v. G.L. Import-Export, Case 22/71, [1971]
ECR 949 ...............................................................................................393
BNIC v.Clair, Case 123/83, [1983] ECR 391 .......................302, 321, 365, 369,
370, 378, 380, 387
Bouchoucha,Case C-61/89, ECR I-3551 ....................................................222
Brentjens’ Handelsonderneming BVv.Stichting Bedrijfspensioenfonds
voor de Handel in Bouwmaterialen, Joined Cases C-115/97 to
C-117/97, [1999] ECR I-6025 .................................................................470
Bundesanstalt für den Güterfernverkehr v. Gebrüder Reiff GmbH &
Co. KG, Case C-185/91, [1993] ECR I-5801 ...........................................588
Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac (BNIC) v. Aubert,
Case 136/86, [1987] ECR 4789 ...............................................................362
Centro Servizi Spediporto, Case C-96/94, [1995] ECR I-2883 ..............302, 588
Cipolla v. Fazari, Case 94/04,judgment pending ................................355, 373
CNSD v. Commission, Case T-513/93, [2000] ECR II-1807 .....295, 314–5, 355
Colegio de Oficiales de la Marina Mercante Española v. Administración
del Estado, Case C-405/01, [2003] ECR I10391 ......................................299
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x Table of Cases
Commission and France v. Ladbroke Racing Ltd., Joined Cases
C-359/95 P and C-379/95 P [1997] ECR I-6265. ...........................355, 375–6
Commission v.France, Case C-96/85, [1986] ECR 1475 .............................280
Commission v. Italy, Case 35/96, [1998] ECR I-3851
(CNSD) ......................................................243, 295, 331, 354, 366, 368–70,
372–3, 377, 382–3, 385, 388, 390, 392, 394–5, 588
Consorzio Industrie Fiammiferi (CIF) v. Autorità Garante della
Concorrenza e del Mercato,Case C-198/01, [2004]
ECR I-8055 ...........................................6, 8, 168, 188, 197, 239, 249, 251–2,
267, 305, 307, 312, 355, 373, 374–8, 380,
387–8, 394, 475, 495–6, 499–500, 504–5, 523, 588
Consten and Grundig v. Commission, Joined Cases 56 and 58/64,
[1966] ECR 449 ....................................................................................357
Council of the City of Stoke on Trent and Norwich City Councilv.
B and Q plc, Case C-169/91, [1992] ECR I-6635 .....................................288
Courage Ltd. v. Bernard Crehan,Case C-453/99, [2001] ECR I-6297 .........467
Criminal Proceedings against Harry Franzén, Case C-189/95, [1997]
ECR I-5909 ...........................................................................................288
Criminal Proceedings against Ohra Schadeverzekeringen NV,
Case C-245/91, [1993] ECR I-5851 .......................................274, 366, 367–8
Criminal Proceedings against Wolf W. Meng, Case C-2/91, [1993]
ECR I-5751 ..........................274, 301, 305–7, 311, 313, 315, 331, 366, 367–8
Cullet v. Leclerc, Case 231/83, ECR 305 .......................362–3, 364, 380–1, 390
Delta Schiffahrts- und Speditionsgesellschaft, Case C-153/93,
[1994] ECR I-2517 ..................................................................302, 314, 588
Deutsche Paracelsus Schulen v. Gräbner, Case 294/00, [2002] ECR 6515 ....326
Deutscher Apothekerverband eV v. 0800 DocMorris NV and Jacques
Waterval, Case C-322/01, [2003] ECR I-14886 .........................................68
Diego Calì & Figli, Case C-343/95, [1997] ECR I-1547 ..............................299
DLG, Case C-250/92, [1994] ECR I-5641 ...................................................214
Eco Swiss China Time Ltd.v. Benetton International NV, Case
C-126/97, [1999] ECR I-3055 .................................................................467
Édouard Leclerc v. Au Blé Vert, Case 229/83, [1985]
ECR 1 ....................................................................................306, 308, 362
European Night Services Limited and Others v.Commission, Joined
Cases T-374/94, T-375/94, T-384/94 and T-388/94 [1998]
ECR II-3141 .........................................................................................285
Fédération française des sociétés d’assurance and Others v. Commission,
Case C-244/94, [1995] ECR I-4013 .........................................................299
France v. CommissionCase C-202/88 [1991] ECR I-1259 ...........................358
GB-INNO-BM v. ATAB, Case 13/77, [1997]
ECR 2115 ...........................................196, 198, 356, 358, 363–5, 380, 388–9
Gebhard v. Consiglio dell’ordine degli Avvocato e Procuratori di
Milano, Case C-55/94, [1995] ECR I-4165 ...............................159, 226, 280