European Competition Law Annual, 2003: What Is an Abuse of a Dominant Position? (European Competition Law Annual)

714 Pages·2006·2.48 MB·English

by  Claus Dieter Ehlermann

(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page i
EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL 2003:
What Is an Abuse of a Dominant Position?
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page ii
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page iii
EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL:
2003
What Is an Abuse of a Dominant Position?
Edited by
Claus-Dieter Ehlermann
and
Isabela Atanasiu
OXFORD – PORTLAND OREGON
2006
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page iv
Published in North America (US and Canada) by
Hart Publishing
c/o International Specialized Book Services
5804 NE Hassalo Street
Portland, Oregon
97213-3644
USA
© The contributors and editors severally, 2006
The editors and contributors have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any mean, without the prior permission of Hart Publishing,
or as expressly permitted by law or under the terms agreed with the appropriate reprographic
rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction which may not be covered by the above
should be addressed to Hart Publishing at the address below.
Hart Publishing, Salters Boatyard, Folly Bridge, Abingdon Rd, Oxford, OX1 4LB Telephone:
[phone] Fax: [phone]
email: [email protected]
WEBSITE: http//:www.hartpub.co.uk
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data Available
ISBN13: 978 1-84113-535-9 (hardback)
ISBN 10: 1-84113-535-6
Typeset by Hope Services, Abingdon Ltd, in Times 10/12 pt
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Biddles Ltd, Kings Lynn
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page v
C O N T E N T S
List of Sponsors vii
Table of Cases ix
INTRODUCTION xix
PANEL ONE: POLICY OBJECTIVES, ENFORCEMENT
TOOLS AND ACTORS, TYPES OF ABUSES, THE CASE OF
EXCESSIVE PRICING 1
1 PANELDISCUSSION 3
IntroductoryStatement by MarioMonti 3
Discussion 3
2 Working Papers 51
I John Fingleton:De-Monopolising Ireland 53
II Eleanor M. Fox: Abuse of Dominance and Monopolisation:
How to Protect Competition Without Protecting
Competitors 69
III Nicholas Green: Problems in the Identification of
Excessive Prices: The United Kingdom Experience in the
Light of NAPP 79
IV Massimo Motta and Alexandre de Streel:
Excessive Pricing and Price Squeeze under EU Law 91
V Robert Pitofsky: Policy Objectives of Competition Law
and Enforcement 127
VI Hans-Jürgen Ruppelt: Abuse Control – Objectives,
Restrictive Practices and Institutions 135
VII John Vickers: How Does the Prohibition of Abuse of
Dominance Fit with the Rest of Competition Policy? 147
PANEL TWO: PRICING ABUSES (OTHER THAN EXCESSIVE
PRICING) 157
1 PANELDISCUSSION 159
2 Working Papers 195
I Einer Elhauge: Why Above Cost Price Cuts to Drive Out
Entrants Are not Predatory – And the Implications for
Defining Costs and Market Power 197
II Calvin Goldman and Crystal L Witterick: Abuse of
Dominant Position – The Canadian Approach 267
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page vi
vi Contents
III Luc Gyselen: Rebates – Competition on the Merits or
Exclusionary Practice? 287
IV Santiago Martínez Lage and Rafael Allendesalazar:
Community Policy on Discriminatory Pricing: A
Practitioner’s Perspective 325
V Petros C. Mavroidis and Damien J. Nevin: Bronner
Kebab – Beyond Refusal to Deal and Duty to Cooperate 355
VI Robert O’Donoghue: Over-Regulating Lower Prices –
Time for a Rethink on Pricing Abuses under
Article 82 EC 371
VII John Ratliff: Abuse of Dominant Position and Pricing
Practices – A Practitioner’s Viewpoint 427
VIII Derek Ridyard: Article 82 EC Price Abuses –
Towards a More Economic Approach 441
PANEL THREE: NON-PRICING ABUSES 461
1 PANELDISCUSSION 463
2 Working Papers 501
I Ian S. Forrester: EC Competition Law as a Limitation
on the Use of IP Rights in Europe – Is There a
Reason to Panic? 503
II Cecilio Madero Villarejo: Abuses of a Dominant
Position in Information Technology Industries (IT) 523
III David S. Evans, Jorge A. Padilla and Michael A Salinger:
A Pragmatic Approach to Identifying and Analysing
Legitimate Tying Cases 557
IV James F. Rill and Mark C. Schechter: International
Antitrust and Intellectual Property: Global
Dissonance and Convergence 573
V John F. Temple Lang: Anticompetitive Abuses under
Article 82 Involving Intellectual Property Rights 589
BIBLIOGRAPHY 659
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page vii
P E R M A N E N T S P O N S O R S O F T H E
A N N UA L E U I C O M P E T I T I O N
WO R K S H O P S
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
Contact: Calvin S. Goldman, QC
Commerce Court West
199 Bay Street
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
M5L 1A9
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Cleary Gottlieb
Contact: Prof. Mario Siragusa
Rome Office
Piazza di Spagna 15
I-00187 Rome
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Hengeler Müller
Contact: Jochen Burrichter
Trinkausstrasse 7
D-40213 Düsseldorf
Germany
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Howrey Simon Arnold & White LLP
Contact: James Rill Esq.
1299 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20004
Tel: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: [phone]
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page viii
viii Permanent Sponsors of the Annual EUI Competition Workshops
Martínez Lage & Asociados
Contact: Santiago Martínez Lage
Claudio Coello 37—28001 Madrid
Tel [phone] –
Fax [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom L.L.P. and Associates
Contact: Prof. Barry Hawk
Brussels Office
523 Avenue Louise
B-1050 Brussels
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
White & Case LLP
Contact: Prof. Ian Forrester
Brussels Office
62, rue de la Loi
B-1040 Brussels
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP
Contact: John Ratliff
Bastion Tower
Place du Champ deMars/Marsveldplein 5
B-1050 Brussels,Belgium
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page ix
TA B L E O F C A S E S
EC Cases:
AB Volvo v. Erik Veng (UK) Ltd, Case 238/87, [1988] ECR
6211.........................................................xxxvi, 464–5, 506–8, 511, 536–9,
595, 599, 601–2, 604, 611, 617, 619–20, 622–3, 657
ACF Chemiefarma NV v. Commission,Case 41/69, [1970] ECR 661........395
Aéroports de Paris v. Commission, Case C-82/01 P, [2002]
ECR I-9297...................................................................................341, 376
Aéroports de Paris v. Commission, Case T-128/98 [2000] ECR II-3929.....376
Ahmed Saeed, Case 66/86 [1989] ECR 803.................................................97
AKZO Chemie BV v. Commission,Case C-62/86, [1991]
ECR I-3359.........................................112, 116, 204–5, 287, 293, 352, 396,
402, 405, 408, 413–5, 419, 448–9, 608, 645
Allen & Hanbury, Case 434/85, [1988] ECR 1245.....................................594
Alsatel v. Novasam, case 247/86 [1988] ECR 5987....................................112
Angonese, Case C-281/98, [2000] ECR I-4139..........................................636
BPB Industries and British Gypsum v. Commission, Case T-65/89, [1993]
ECR II-389................................................296, 302, 305, 322–3, 334, 349,
352, 388, 393, 396, 418, 429, 595, 608, 617, 637, 645
BRT v. Sabam[1974] ECR 51 ...................................................................92
British Airways v. Commission, Case T-219/99, [2003]
ECR II-0000..........................................................................180, 312, 326
British Gypsum, Case C-310/93 P, [1995] ECR I-5941 ......................396, 608
British Gypsum, Case T-65/89, [1993] ECR II-389.....334, 349, 352, 385, 388,
393, 396, 418, 595, 608, 617, 637, 645
British Leyland plc. v. Commission, Case 226/84, [1986]
ECR 3263.................................................................85, 100, 341, 376, 545
Centrafarm v. Sterling Drug, Case 15/74, [1974] ECR 1147.......504, 518, 597
Centrafarm v. Winthrop, Case 16/74, [1974] ECR 1183.....................504, 518
Centre Belge d’Etudes de Marché Télémarketing v. CNT and IPB
(“Telemarketing”), Case 311/84, [1985] ECR 3261................537–8, 545–7
Centre d’insémination de la Crespelle, Case C-323/93 [1994]
ECR I-5077......................................................................................57, 93
CICCE, Case 298/83 [1985] ECR 1105......................................................96
CICR and Maxicar v. Renault,Case 53/87, [1988]
ECR 6039.......................................................595, 599, 602, 611, 617, 637
Commercial Solvents,Joined Cases 6/73 and 7/73, [1974]
ECR 223..................................................359, 537–8, 540, 545–6, 595, 605
(A) Ehlermann Prelims 20/2/06 10:12 Page x
x Table of Cases
Compagnie maritime belge de transports and Others v. Commission
(CEWAL), Joined Cases T-24-26/93 and 28/93, [1996]
ECR II-1201................................................293, 405, 408, 411–3, 415, 419
Compagnie maritime belge de transports and Others v.
Commission(CEWAL),Joined Cases C-395/96 P and
C-396/96 P, [2000] ECR I-1365..........................112, 204–5, 211, 336, 352,
354, 371, 405, 418, 436, 605–6, 637
Compagnie Royale Asturienne des Mines SA and Rheinzink
GmbH v. Commission,Joined Cases 29/83 and 30/83,
[1984] ECR 1679...................................................................................395
Consten and Grundig v. Commission, Joined Cases 56 and 58/64,
[1966] ECR 299… ........................................................127, 448, 597, 637
Continental Can, Case 6/72 [1973] ECR 215..........................4, 116, 331, 333
Cooperative Vereniging “Suiker Unie” UA and Others v. Commission,
Joined Cases 40-48, 50, 54-56, 111, 113 and 114/73, [1975]
ECR 1663........................................294, 296, 436, 347, 385, 388, 602, 605
Corinne Bodson v. Pompes Funebres,Case 30/87, [1988]
ECR 2479...................................................................................82–3, 102
Corsica Ferries Italia Srl v. Corpo dei Piloti del Porto di Genova,
Case C-18/93, [1994] ECR I-1783..................................................341, 636
Courage Ltd v. Bernard Crehan, Case C-453/99, [2001] ECR I-6297.....368–9
Dansk Pelsdyravlerforening v. Commission Case T-61/89 [1992]
ECR II-1931 ........................................................................................334
Deutsche Bahn AG v. Commission, Case C-229/94, [1997] ECR
II-1689.................................................................................................376
Deutsche Gramophon v. Metro, Case 78/80, [1971]
ECR 487.........................................................................83, 101, 103, 548.
Deutsche Post, Joined Cases C-147 and 148/97 [2000] ECR I-825....104, 107
ERT(Greek Television), Case C-260/89, [1991]
ECR I-2927...................................................................595, 608, 617, 645
Eurofix-Bauco v. Hilti, Case T-90/89, [1990] ECR II-163...467, 491, 496, 529
European Night Services, Joined Cases T-374-375, 384 and
388/94, [1998] ECR II-3141...............................................292, 601, 605–6
EuropemballageCorporation and Continental Can v. Commission,
Case 6/72, [1973] ECR 215...................................................................293
FENIN v. Commission, Case T-319/99, judgment of 4 March 2003......151–2
France v. Commission(Telecommunication terminals), Case C-202/88,
[1991] ECR I-1223................................................................................645
General Motors Continental NV v. Commission, Case 26/75, [1975]
ECR 1367................................................................................99, 102, 420
Giovanni Carra and Others, Case C-258/98, [2000] ECR I-4217...............602
GT-Link, Case C-242/95 [1997] ECR I-4449..............................................93
GZS Gesellschaft and Citicorp Kartenservice, Joined Cases C-147/97
and C-148/97, [2000] ECR I-825...........................................................608