European Cities After COVID-19: Strategies for Resilient Cities and Real Estate PDF
Preview European Cities After COVID-19: Strategies for Resilient Cities and Real Estate
Future of Business and Finance Tobias Just Franziska Plößl Editors European Cities After COVID-19 Strategies for Resilient Cities and Real Estate Future of Business and Finance TheFutureofBusinessandFinancebookseriesfeaturesprofessionalworksaimedat defining,describingandchartingthefuturetrendsinthesefields.Thefocusismainly onstrategicdirections,technologicaladvances,challengesandsolutionswhichmay affect the way we do business tomorrow, including the future of sustainability and governance practices. Mainly written by practitioners, consultants and academic thinkers, the books are intended to spark and inform further discussions and developments. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/16360 (cid:129) Tobias Just Franziska Plößl Editors European Cities After COVID-19 Strategies for Resilient Cities and Real Estate Editors TobiasJust FranziskaPlößl IRE|BSInternationalRealEstate IRE|BSInternationalRealEstate BusinessSchool BusinessSchool UniversityofRegensburg UniversityofRegensburg Regensburg,Germany Regensburg,Germany ISSN2662-2467 ISSN2662-2475 (electronic) FutureofBusinessandFinance ISBN978-3-030-89787-1 ISBN978-3-030-89788-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89788-8 TranslationfromtheGermanlanguageedition:DieEuropäischeStadtnachCoronabyTobiasJust,and FranziskaPlößl,#SpringerFachmedienWiesbadenGmbH2021.PublishedbySpringerFachmedien WiesbadenGmbH.AllRightsReserved. #TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsofreprinting,reuseofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Realestateisbuiltfordecades,citiesforcenturies.Thatiswhyurbandevelopment processes usually take a very long time, with intricate regulations not allowing for quick adjustments. But sometimes there are upheavals, sudden changes in the key factors,leadingtoanaccelerationoftheinner-cityadjustmentprocesses.Inthepast, thesehaveoftenbeennaturaldisasters,warsorinfectiousdiseases. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected our lives since the beginning of 2020withmassivehealthrisksandsevererestrictionstoourdailyandprofessional lives,mightrepresentsuchajuncture.Thedailyroutinesofmillionsofpeoplehave changedsignificantly,establishingnewroutinesandhabits.Wherenewtechnologies mighthaveprovidedaccesstoeverydaycommunication,professionalcollaboration or primary needs but had been avoided out of convenience or fear, during the lockdown periods old path dependencies were re-examined. Video conferences, e-commerce or VPN clients for teleworking were already in place before the pandemic. But the need in 2020 and 2021 has intensified their use and created experiencesthat—wherepositive—wouldnolongerbereversible. Since the use of real estate is shaped by our everyday, leisure and professional lives, and because our lives are partly determined by very specific properties, the questionofhowthepandemicwillchangeurban lifeandhow theuseofbuildings and the appearance of cities will adapt was quickly raised. At the same time, the questionarisesastowhichinstitutionalortechnicalchangescouldreducetheriskof futurepandemicsandwhatrolerealestatewillplayinthisprocess.Thefactthat,in the middle of 2021, it is still too early for conclusive answers to such far-reaching questions has been obvious since the beginning of this research project. However, localpoliticians,stakeholdersintherealestateindustryandultimatelyeachindivid- ual household cannot delay many decisions until all the relevant information is available. In this respect, the editors and the client of this book have been aware thatthesearchforanswersisajourneywhichshouldbeundertakenasalargegroup. Inthisway,manydifferentperspectivesinasituationthatisstillcharacterisedbya highlevelofuncertaintycan,likepiecesinapuzzle,contributetoaclearerpicture. Inthisbook,wewanttoprovidereaderswithavarietyofperspectivesfromwhich toviewthepotentialeffectsofthepandemiconEuropeancitiesandtheirbuildings. Together with the Product Councils of ULI Germany, a comprehensive question- naire was prepared in German and English and was completed by a total of v vi Preface 421respondentsinMarchandApril2021.Theassessmentsweresupplementedby seveninterviewswithpractitionersfromtherealestateindustry.Inparallel,areview wasmadeoftheliteraturebystudentsoftheUniversityofRegensburgaspartofa master’s seminar in order to obtain further assessments from academic and practi- tionerresearchers.Inviewofthecomplexityandthedegreeofuncertainty,boththe client and editors agreed that the most comprehensive and independent expertise possible was needed on specific topics. Therefore, analysis of the survey and interviews was extended with ten contributions from researchers in economics, urban planning, architecture, engineering and work organisation from Europe, the USA and China. This required tight project coordination, close collaboration between client and editors and a high degree of discipline on the part of all contributorsinordertocompletethisprojectwithinsuchanarrowtimeframe. Wewouldliketothanktheauthorsfortheirinsightfulcontributionsaswellasthe respondents for the extensive participation in the survey and for the meetings with theULIProductCouncilsthatprecededit.WewouldalsoliketothankourIRE|BS students, who worked with great dedication on the various topics, and particularly Ann-Kathrin Heinemann for her support in finalising the book. Finally, we would liketothankourprojectpartnersatULI,especiallyStephanieBaden,SabineGeorgi, Julia Heun and Michael Müller, for their enthusiastic cooperation. We would also like to thank the companies whose financial and content-related support made this project possible in the first place (ABG Real Estate Holding GmbH & Co. KG, Allianz Real Estate GmbH, Berlin Hyp AG, Deutsche Wohnen SE, Greenberg Traurig Germany LLP, Kaufland Dienstleistung GmbH & Co. KG and Palmira CapitalPartnersGmbH). Wehopethatthisbookwillhelpshapethediscussionaboutthefuturedesignof cities in Europe and that the ideas, conclusions and analyses pooled together here willcontributetocreatingEuropeancitiesthataremoreliveableandhealthierafter thepandemic,butnolesseconomicallyefficientthanbefore.Inthisrespect,sucha juncturealsooffersthechancetobreakoutdatedpathdependencies.However,wedo notwanttojumptoconclusionsintheforewordandhopethatyouwillenjoyreading thisbookandthatitwillprovideyouwithsomeexcitinginsights. Regensburg,Germany TobiasJust FranziskaPlößl Preface Nothingismoreconstantthanchange—butwhatexactlyiscurrentlychangingand where? As an organisation at the interface between urban, neighbourhood and construction planning, we see our task as being that of taking a closer look when change happens faster than expected—asif under a burning glass. The COVID-19 pandemicisnowseenasanacceleratorinmanyareasoftheeconomyandresearch: processes that had already begun are now taking place much faster than before. There is a high level of uncertainty among market participants—discussion ranges fromtheviewthatofficesarenolongerneededatall,thateveryonewantstogotothe countrysideorthatco-livingandco-workinghavenomorereasontoexistbecauseof thehighriskofinfectiontotheperspectivethatnothingmuchwillchangebecause Europeisheterogeneousand,partlyduetothepredominanceofsmallandmedium- sized companies there, is resistant to crises. But there is also some support for the implementation of innovations. We were interested to find out more about what needstobedonetoensurethatourcitieswillstillbeattractivetomorrow,andwhat shouldbepreserved?Arecitycentresdyingordotheyoffernewopportunities?Will citieslosetheirattractiveness?Whatistheeffectofdensityandhowshouldplanning andbuildinglawsbefurtherdevelopedinordertobeabletoshapethetransforma- tion?Allthesequestionsareaddressedandscientificallypreparedinthisbook. WewouldthereforeliketothankIRE|BS—especiallyFranziskaPlößlandTobias Just—for undertaking the study, for conceptualising, implementing and analysing the large-scale survey and for coordinating the expert contributions, in short for puttingtogetherthispioneeringbook,whichshallstimulatefurtherdiscussionswith theindustry,withcityrepresentativesandfinallywiththeurbancommunity.With- outthegeneroussupportaswellasthecontent-relatedcontributionsofourpartners ABGRealEstateHoldingGmbH&Co.KG,AllianzRealEstateGmbH,BerlinHyp AG, Deutsche Wohnen SE, Greenberg Traurig Germany LLP, Kaufland Dienstleistung GmbH & Co. KG and Palmira Capital Partners GmbH, neither this project would have been possible nor the opportunity for further discussions with colleaguesinandoutsideEurope. WehavepreparedthequestionnaireswiththehelpoftheULIProductCouncils, andwelookforwardtoevaluatingandapplyingtheresultsinaddressingthetaskof transformingourcities—#bettertogether. FrankfurtamMain,Germany SabineGeorgi vii Contents PartI StrategiesforResilientCitiesandRealEstate ChallengesforEuropeanCitiesAftertheCOVID-19Pandemic. . . . . . . 3 TobiasJustandFranziskaPlößl PartII ImplicationsforUrbanDevelopment UrbanPlanningAspectsoftheResilientCity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 SilkeWeidner TheHealthEquityImperativeandtheRoleoftheBuilt Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 SaraHammerschmidt LessonsfromtheCholerainParisandHamburg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 FranziskaPlößlandTobiasJust UrbanForm,NeighbourhoodGovernance,andRealEstate Management:ChineseCitiesFightingaPandemic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 BingWangandRongZhou HowCOVID-19IsChangingMobilityBehaviourandWhatthat MeansforSustainableUrbanTransport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 JuliaJarass,JuliaSchuppan,andKerstinStark ThePreservationofEconomicStructuresasaMainChallenge ofUrbanDevelopment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 ChristianA.Oberst RevisitingtheEconomicEffectsofDensityintheWakeofthe COVID-19Pandemic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 GabrielM.AhlfeldtandElisabettaPietrostefani DensityandtheSpreadofCOVID-19inCities:Lessonsfromthe UnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 FelipeCarozzi,SandroProvenzano,andSefiRoth iixx x Contents TheFutureViabilityofCityNetworks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 GuidoSpars PartIII ImplicationsforHousingandHotel:CitiestoLive LivingintheCity:OrRatherNearby?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 TobiasJustandFranziskaPlößl IstheCOVID-19PandemicAcceleratingthePathtoSmarterCities?. . 141 BartGorynski,ThomasMüller,andAlexanderGelsin TheUrbanNeighbourhoodoftheFutureIsJustOneStepAway. . . . . . 155 SabineGeorgi TheChallengeforDeveloperstoBuildAttractivePlaces. . . . . . . . . . . . 161 SabineGeorgi PartIV ImplicationsforOfficeandMore:CitiestoWork TheFlexibleOfficeSpace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 FranziskaPlößlandTobiasJust TheFutureWorkplace:ReimaginingtheOfficefortheTwenty-first Century. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 ChrisKane OfficeWorkinPost-PandemicCitiesandtheImportance ofPopulationDensity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 SabineGeorgi ItIsaboutResponsibility,TechnologyandCulture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 SabineGeorgi TheScreenCannotReplaceaSenseofCommunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 SabineGeorgi PartV ImplicationsforRetailandLogistics:CitiestoSupply ConsumerCitiesunderPressuretoChange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 TobiasJustandFranziskaPlößl TheImportanceoftheFoodRetailIndustryforCitiesafter COVID-19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 SabineGeorgi TheFutureofUrbanLogistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 SabineGeorgi PartVI TenKeyMessagesforResilientCitiesandRealEstate FinalRemarks:TenKeyMessages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 TobiasJustandFranziskaPlößl
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