Europe in figures. Eurostat yearbook 2012

698 Pages·9.841 MB·English

ISSN 1681-4789
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Eurostat yearbook 2012 r
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Europe in figures — Eurostat yearbook 2012 presents a
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a comprehensive selection of statistical data on y
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Europe. With around 480 statistical tables, figures a
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and maps, the yearbook is a definitive collection of b Eurostat yearbook 2012
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statistical information on the European Union. Most o
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data cover the period 2000-2010 for the European 2
Union and its Member States, while some indicators 0
1
are provided for other countries, such as members 2

of EFTA, candidate countries to the European
Union, Japan or the United States. The yearbook
treats the following areas: economy and finance;
population; health; education; labour market; living
conditions and social protection; industry, trade
and services; agriculture, forestry and fisheries;
international trade; transport; environment; energy;
and science and technology.
The continuously updated virtual Eurostat
yearbook is available at
http://bit.ly/Eurostat_yearbook
This yearbook may be viewed as a key reference
for those wishing to know more about European
statistics, providing guidance to the vast range
of data freely available on Eurostat’s website at:
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 30

Statistical books
Europe in figures
Eurostat yearbook 2012
2012 edition
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Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012
ISBN 978-92-79-22085-2
doi:10.2785/20539
Cat. KS-CD-12-001-EN-C
Theme: General and regional statistics
Collection: Statistical books
© European Union, 2012
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Foreword
Our yearbook Europe in figures provides you with a selection of the most important and interesting sta-
tistics on Europe. Drawing from the huge amount of data available at Eurostat, we aim to give an insight
into the European economy, society and environment — for example, how the population of the European
Union is changing, how the economy is performing in comparison with the USA or Japan, or how living
conditions vary between Member States. I hope that you will find information of interest both for your
work and for your daily life.
You can find the content of this book updated online in Statistics Explained as the continuously updated
virtual publication Europe in figures — Eurostat yearbook. As usual, the latest and most complete versions
of all the data can be downloaded from the Eurostat website.
Eurostat is the statistical office of the European Union. Working together with national statistical authori-
ties in the European Statistical System, we produce official statistics which meet the highest possible stand-
ards of quality.
I wish you an enjoyable reading experience!
Walter Radermacher
Director-General, Eurostat
Chief Statistician of the European Union
Abstract
Abstract
Europe in figures — Eurostat yearbook 2012 presents a comprehensive selection of statisti-
cal data on Europe. The yearbook may be viewed as an introduction to European statistics
and provides guidance to the vast range of data freely available from the Eurostat website at:
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat.
Most data cover the period 2000-2010 for the European Union and some indicators are provided
for other countries, such as members of EFTA, acceding and candidate countries to the European
Union, Japan or the United States (subject to availability). With more than 470 statistical tables, fig-
ures and maps, the yearbook treats the following areas: economy and finance; population; health;
education and training; labour market; living conditions and social protection; industry, trade and
services; agriculture, forestry and fisheries; international trade; transport; environment; energy;
and science and technology.
The continuously updated virtual yearbook is available at http://bit.ly/Eurostat_yearbook
Editor-in-chief
Ulrich Wieland
Eurostat, Unit B6 – Dissemination
Principal editor
Jukka Piirto Virtual yearbook
English edition
Eurostat, Unit B6 – Dissemination
Editors
Annika Johansson and Veronika Lang
Eurostat, Unit B6 – Dissemination
Contact details
Eurostat
Bâtiment Joseph Bech
5, rue Alphonse Weicker
2721 Luxembourg
LUXEMBOURG
E-mail: [email protected]
Production
This publication was produced by Giovanni Albertone, Simon Allen, Andrew Redpath
(Informa sàrl)
For more information please consult
Internet: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Data extracted
July to September 2011 (unless otherwise noted)
Contents

Contents
Contents
Foreword 1
Abstract 2
Acknowledgements 6
Introduction 9
The Eurostat yearbook 10
Eurostat – the statistical office of the European Union 13
A practical guide to accessing European statistics 15
Linking statistics to European policies 19
1. Economy and finance 29
1.1 National accounts – GDP 30
1.2 Government finances 56
1.3 Exchange rates and interest rates 68
1.4 Consumer prices – inflation and comparative price levels 78
1.5 Balance of payments 85
1.6 Foreign direct investment 93
2. Population 105
2.1 European population compared with world population 106
2.2 Population structure and ageing 111
2.3 Population and population change 119
2.4 Marriage and divorce 124
2.5 Fertility 129
2.6 Mortality and life expectancy 132
2.7 Migration and migrant population 138
2.8 Asylum 151
3. Health 163
3.1 Healthy life years 165
3.2 Causes of death 168
3.3 Healthcare 176
3.4 Health and safety at work 190
Europe in figures — Eurostat yearbook 2012 3
Contents
4. Education and training 195
4.1 School enrolment and levels of education 197
4.2 Foreign language learning 206
4.3 Educational expenditure 209
4.4 Tertiary education 212
4.5 Lifelong learning 219
5. Labour market 227
5.1 Employment 228
5.2 Unemployment 241
5.3 Wages and labour costs 250
5.4 Job vacancies 260
5.5 Labour market policy interventions 262
6. Living conditions and social protection 267
6.1 Social inclusion 269
6.2 Income distribution 275
6.3 Housing 283
6.4 Social protection 288
6.5 Crime 295
7. Industry, trade and services 303
7.1 Structural business statistics 305
7.2 Industrial production 325
7.3 Industry and construction – short-term developments 327
7.4 Services statistics – short-term developments 334
7.5 Tourism 340
7.6 Information society 350
7.7 Telecommunications 366
7.8 Postal services of universal service providers 373
8. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 379
8.1 Agricultural output, price indices and income 381
8.2 Farm structure 387
8.3 Agricultural products 394
8.4 Fertiliser consumption and nutrient balances 401
8.5 Forestry 407
8.6 Fisheries 412
4 Europe in figures — Eurostat yearbook 2012
Contents
9. International trade 419
9.1 International trade in goods 423
9.2 International trade in services 434
10. transport 443
10.1 Transport accidents 446
10.2 Passenger transport 449
10.3 Freight transport 458
11. Environment 467
11.1 Land cover, land use and landscape 470
11.2 Air emissions accounts 477
11.3 Carbon dioxide emissions from final consumption 485
11.4 Waste 487
11.5 Water 498
11.6 Chemicals management 508
11.7 Environmental protection expenditure 512
11.8 Environmental taxes 523
11.9 Biodiversity 532
12. Energy 537
12.1 Energy production and imports 539
12.2 Consumption of energy 546
12.3 Electricity production, consumption and market overview 554
12.4 Renewable energy 559
12.5 Energy prices 566
13. Science and technology 573
13.1 R & D expenditure 576
13.2 R & D personnel 582
13.3 Innovation 590
13.4 Patents 598
Annexes 605
Annex 1 — Nomenclatures and classifications 605
Annex 2 — Data presentation and abbreviations 606
Glossary 612
Subject index 683
Europe in figures — Eurostat yearbook 2012 5
Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
The editor-in-chief and the editors of the Eurostat yearbook would like to thank all those who were involved
in its preparation. The yearbook could only be published thanks to the support of the following colleagues:
Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union
Eurostat had a reorganisation on 1 January 2012. The contributors are given according to the new
structure.
Deputy Director-General
Marie Bohatá
Laboratory for developments in cross-cutting statistical domains
Helene Strandell
Directorate A: Cooperation in the European Statistical System; international cooperation; resources
A1 European Statistical System governance and external relations: Heli Lehtimäki, Astrid Meesters,
Cristina Pereira de Sá
A2 Human resources management: Maria Isabel Lazaro, Matthias Lipps
Directorate B: Corporate statistical and IT services
B5 Management of statistical data and metadata: Håkan Lindén, Michael Mietzner, Barbara Rychel
B6 Dissemination: John Allen, Henric Anselm, Marc Debusschere, Isabelle Fiasse, Matthias Fritz
Directorate C: National accounts, prices and key indicators
C1 National accounts methodology. Sector accounts. Financial indicators: Ismael Ahamdanech Zarco,
Boryana Milusheva, Peter Parlasca, Gilles Thouvenin
C2 National and regional accounts production. Balance of payments: Jeanne De Cannière,
Christine Gerstberger, Andreas Krüger, Olaf Nowak, Isabelle Remond-Tiedrez
C3 Statistics for administrative purposes: Ian Dennis
C4 Key indicators for European policies: Viktoria Bolla, Graham Lock, Gian Luigi Mazzi,
Rosa Ruggeri Cannata, Iliyana Savova, Vincent Tronet
C5 Price statistics. Purchasing power parities. Housing statistics: Paul Konijn, Jarko Pasanen
Directorate D: Government finance statistics (GFS)
D1: GFS methodology, data collection and dissemination: Isabel Gancedo Vallina, Irena
Tvarijonavičiūtė, Laura Wahrig
D2: Excessive deficit procedure (EDP) 1: Rasa Jurkonienė
D3: Excessive deficit procedure (EDP) 2: John Verrinder
6 Europe in figures — Eurostat yearbook 2012