Nadine Zipperle EU International Agreements An Analysis of Direct Eff ect and Judicial Review Pre- and Post-Lisbon EU International Agreements Nadine Zipperle EU International Agreements An Analysis of Direct Effect and Judicial Review Pre- and Post-Lisbon NadineZipperle DurhamLawSchool DurhamUniversity Durham,UnitedKingdom ISBN978-3-319-64077-8 ISBN978-3-319-64078-5 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-64078-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017948664 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Acknowledgements Themonographisbasedona2016PhDdissertationdraftedatDurhamUniversity, Department of Law, under the co-supervision of Professor Robert Schütze and ProfessorEleanorSpaventa.ThedissertationwaspassedbyexaminersDr.Andre˙s Delgado Casteleiro (Durham University) and Dr. Markus Gehring (University of Cambridge). First and foremost, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude and special thanks to my principal supervisor, Professor Robert Schütze, for the continued supportofferedtome.Itrulyfeelprivilegedtohavehadasupervisordedicatingso muchofhistimeandenthusiasmtotheproject. Furthermore, I would like to thank my second supervisor, Professor Eleanor Spaventa, for comments, suggestions and constructive discussions, which have beeninvaluablethroughouttheprocessofwritingthisdissertation. IwouldalsoliketoacknowledgethefinancialsupportofDurhamUniversity.In particular, the award of the doctoral fellowship has enabled me to undertake the researchforthisproject. Durham Law School gave me a chance to be involved in teaching. This has providedmewiththenecessaryexperience,whichIwouldnothaveotherwise.Iam verygratefulforthat. Moreover,IamthankfultoDr.DelgadoCasteleiroandDr.Gehringfordiscus- sions,interestfortheprojectandcomments. 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