EU Integration and Implementation of Human Rights of New Generation in the Legal System of the Republic of Srpska

256 Pages·2021·4.697 MB·English

by  Veljko Turanjanin, Aleksandar R. Ivanović

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REVIEW ................................................................................................................... 12
PREFACE ................................................................................................................. 16
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 18
1. EU INTEGRATION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF THE BEST
INTERESTS OF THE CHILD IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA .................................................................... 23
1.1. International Standards in the Field of the Best Interests of the
Child in Criminal Proceedings ..................................................................... 23
1.1.1. Convention on the Rights of the Child ..................................................... 23
1.1.2. Directive (EU) 2016/800 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 11 May 2016 on Procedural Safeguards for
Children who are Suspects or Accused Persons in Criminal
Proceedings .............................................................................................. 27
1.1.3. Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe
on Child-friendly Justice .......................................................................... 37
1.1.4. European Court of Human Rights‟ Approach .......................................... 45
1.2. The Criminal Justice System of the Republic of Srpska in the
Context of the Best Interests of the Child ................................................... 49
1.3. Analysis of the Conformity of European Union Standards and
Juvenile Criminal Legislation of the Republic of Srpska .......................... 62
2. EU INTEGRATION AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION ON THE
INTERNET IN THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
SRPSKA ................................................................................................................ 64
2.1. International Standards on the Right to Freedom of Expression
on the Internet ............................................................................................... 64
2.1.1. Declaration on Freedom of Communication on the Internet.................... 70
2.1.2. Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)5 of the Committee of Ministers to
Member States on the Internet Freedom .................................................. 71
2.1.3. Recommendation CM/Rec(2018)2 of the Committee of Ministers to
Member States on the Role and Responsibilities of the Internet
Intermediaries .......................................................................................... 74
2.1.4. Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)1 of the Committee of Ministers to
Member States on Protecting and Promoting the Right to Freedom of
Expression and the Right to Private Life with Regard to Network
Neutrality ................................................................................................. 76
2.1.5. Recommendation CM/Rec(2015)6 of the Committee of Ministers
to Member States on the Free, Transboundary Flow of
Information on the Internet ...................................................................... 77
2.1.6. Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 8 June 2000 on Certain Legal Aspects of
Information Society Services, in Particular Electronic
Commerce, in the Internal Market (“Directive on Electronic
Commerce”) ............................................................................................. 79
2.1.7. Directive 98/34/ЕC on Establishing the Procedure for Providing
Information in the Field of Technical Norms and Regulations ................ 80
2.1.8. Resolution 1510 on Freedom of Expression and Respect for Religion
Beliefs ...................................................................................................... 82
2.1.9. ECRI General Policy Reccomendation No. 7 (revised) on National
Legislation to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination ...................... 82
2.1.10. Recommendation 1805 on Blasphemy, Religious Insults and Hate
Speech Against Persons on Grounds of Their Religion ........................... 83
2.1.11. European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental
Freedoms Through the Case Law of the European Court of
Human Rights .......................................................................................... 83
2.1.11.1. Applicability of Article 10 of the Convention ................. 83
2.1.11.2. The Right to Freedom of Expression on the
Internet in the Case Law of the European
Court of Human Rights ................................................ 102
2.1.11.3. Protecting the Rights of Others in the Context of the
Internet .......................................................................... 110
2.1.11.4. Protection of Vulnerable Persons ................................... 115
2.1.11.5. Duties and Responsibilities of the Internet Portals ........ 118
2.1.11.6. Responsibility Arising from the Publication of a
Hyperlink ...................................................................... 120
2.1.11.7. Blocking Internet Access ............................................... 124
2.1.11.8. Internet Access of Prisoners ........................................... 127
2.1.11.9. Hate Speech .................................................................... 127
2.1.12. The Case Law of the European Court of Justice .................................. 131
2.2. The Right to Freedom of Expression on the Internet in the
Legislation of the Republic of Srpska ........................................................ 132
2.3. Analysis of the Congruence of European Union Standards
and the Legislation of the Republic of Srpska Regarding
Freedom of Expression on the Internet ..................................................... 142
3. EU INTEGRATION AND THE RIGHT TO PROTECT PRIVACY ON
THE INTERNET IN THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
SRPSKA .............................................................................................................. 143
3.1. International Standards on the Right to Privacy on the Internet........... 143
3.1.1. European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms .......................................................................... 143
3.1.2. Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to
Automatic Processing of Personal Data ................................................. 144
3.1.3. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of
Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal
Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, and
Repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection
Regulation) ............................................................................................. 146
3.1.4. Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 12 July 2002 Concerning the Processing of
Personal Data and the Protection of Privacy in the Electronic
Communications Sector (Directive on Privacy and
Electronic Communications) .................................................................. 147
3.1.5. Opinions of the Venice Commission ..................................................... 148
3.1.6. Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)13 on the Protection of
Individuals with Regard to Automatic Processing of
Personal Data in the Context of Profiling .............................................. 150
3.1.7. Recommendation CM/Rec(2012)4 on the Protection of
Human Rights with Regard to Social Networking services
CM/Rec(2012)4 ..................................................................................... 150
3.1.8. Recommendation CM/Rec(2012)3 on the protection of human rights
with regards to search engines ............................................................... 151
3.1.9. Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)5 on Internet freedom ........................ 153
3.1.10. Recommendation CM/Rec(2015)6 on the Free, Cross-border
Flow of Information on the Internet ....................................................... 155
3.1.11. Recommendation CM/Rec(2018)2 on the Role and Responsibilities
of the Internet Intermediaries ................................................................. 155
3.1.12. Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)1 on the Protection and
Promotion of the Right to Freedom of Expression and the
Right to Privacy with Regard to Net Neutrality ..................................... 157
3.1.13. Covert Monitoring of Communication ................................................ 157
3.1.14. Workplace Supervision ........................................................................ 168
3.2. The Right to Protection of Privacy on the Internet According to the
Legislation of the Republic of Srpska ........................................................ 169
3.3. Analysis of the Congruence of European Union Standards
and the Legislation of the Republic of Srpska Regarding the
Right to Privacy on the Internet ................................................................. 173
4. EU INTEGRATION AND THE RIGHT TO A NON-
DISCRIMINATORY APPROACH IN ENSURING THE RIGHT TO
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE LEGISLATION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA .................................................................................. 174
4.1. International Standards on the Right to a Non-discriminatory
Approach in Ensuring the Right to Higher Education ............................ 174
4.1.1. Universal International Agreements and Instruments and the
Right to a Non-discriminatory Approach to Ensuring the Right to
Higher Education ................................................................................... 178
4.1.2. Documents of the European System of Human Rights Protection and
the Right to a Non-discriminatory Approach to Ensuring the Right to
Higher Education ................................................................................... 180
4.1.3. Comparative Legal Analysis of Legislative and Institutional Models
of Protection of the Right to Non-discriminatory Access to the Right
to Higher Education in the Legal Systems of Member States and
Candidates for Membership in the European Union .............................. 192
4.1.3.1. The Right to a Non-discriminatory Approach to
Ensuring the Right to Higher Education in the
Legal System of the Federal Republic of
Germany ....................................................................... 192
4.1.3.2. The Right to a Non-discriminatory Approach to
Providing the Right to Higher Education in the
Legal System of the Republic of Slovenia ................... 196
4.1.3.3. The Right to a Non-discriminatory Approach to
Providing the Right to Higher Education in
the Legal System of the Republic of Croatia ................ 200
4.1.3.4. Right to Non-discriminatory Approach to Providing
the Right to Higher Education in the Legal
System of the Republic of Serbia ................................. 203
4.1.3.5. The Right to a Non-discriminatory Approach to
Providing the Right to Higher Education in
the Legal System of Montenegro ................................. 207