EU Foreign Policy towards Latin America

200 Pages·2015·0.889 MB·English

by  Roberto Dominguez (auth.)

TheEuropeanUnioninInternationalAffairsSeries
SeriesEditors:
Sebastian Oberthür is a Professor and Academic Director of the Institute of
European Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium. Knud Erik Jørgensen is
aProfessorintheDepartmentofPoliticalScienceandGovernment,AarhusUni-
∗
versity, Denmark. Alex Warleigh-Lack is Executive Director of the Centre for
ResearchontheEuropeanMatrix(CRONEM)andProfessorofEUPoliticsatthe
UniversityofSurrey,UK.SandraLavenexisProfessorofInternationalPoliticsat
the Universityof Lucerne, Switzerland,andVisiting Professor atthe Collegeof
EuropeinNatolin(Warsaw).PhilomenaMurrayisJeanMonnetProfessorinthe
SchoolofSocialandPoliticalSciencesattheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia.
Editorialboard:
Stephanie Anderson; Ummu Salma Bava; Grainne de Burca; Maurizio
Carbone; Roy H. Ginsberg; Amelia Hadfield; Stephan Keukeleire; Andrés
Malamud; Sophie Meunier; Michael H. Smith; Ramses Wessel and Reuben
Wong
Thankstoconsecutiveroundsofenlargementandthestepwisebroadeningand
deepening of internal integration, the EU now undeniably plays a key role in
internationalpolitics,lawandeconomics.Atthesametime,changesintheinter-
nationalsystemcontinuetoposenewchallengestotheEU.Therangeofpolicies
impliedbytheEU’sinternational‘actorness’growswitheverysummit,andthe
EUregularly‘imports’andincreasingly‘exports’variouspolicies.
Against this backdrop, this book series aims to be a central resource for the
growingcommunityofscholarsandpolicy-makersinterestedinunderstanding
theinterfacebetweentheEUandinternationalaffairs.Itwillprovidein-depth,
cutting-edge contributions to research on the EU in international affairs by
highlighting new developments, insights, challenges and opportunities. It will
encompassanalysesoftheEU’sinternationalrole,asmediatedbyitsownMem-
berStates,ininternationalinstitutionsandinitsstrategicbilateralandregional
partnerships.ItwillfurtherexaminetheongoingprofusionofEUinternalpoli-
cieswithexternalimplicationsandthewaysinwhichthesearebothdrivenby
and feed back into international developments. Grounded in political science
(and its various sub-disciplines, including International Relations and Inter-
national Political Economy), law, sociology and history, the series reflects an
inter-disciplinarycommitment.
Titlesinclude:
FraukeAustermann
EUROPEANUNIONDELEGATIONSINEUFOREIGNPOLICY
ADiplomaticServiceofDifferentSpeeds
RobertoDominguez
EUFOREIGNPOLICYTOWARDSLATINAMERICA
JoachimKoopsandGjovalinMacaj
THEEUASADIPLOMATICACTOR
AlexanderMattelaer
THEPOLITICO-MILITARYDYNAMICSOFEUROPEANCRISISRESPONSEOPER-
ATIONS
Planning,Friction,Strategy
LouiseG.vanSchaik
EUEFFECTIVENESSANDUNITYINMULTILATERALNEGOTIATIONS
MoreThantheSumofItsParts?
LuisSimon
GEOPOLITICALCHANGE,GRANDSTRATEGYANDEUROPEANSECURITY
TheEU-NATOConundrum
Forthcomingtitlesinclude:
DimitriosBourantonis,SpyrosBlavoukosandClaraPortela(editors)
THEEUANDTHENON-PROLIFERATIONOFNUCLEARWEAPONS
∗
AlexWarleigh-Lackiscurrentlyonleaveasaneditoroftheseries.
TheEuropeanUnioninInternationalAffairsSeries
SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–1–137–00500–7(cased)
SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–1–137–00501–4(paperback)
(outsideNorthAmericaonly)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a
standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to
usattheaddressbelowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesand
theISBNsquotedabove.
Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills,
Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS,England
EU Foreign Policy towards
Latin America
Roberto Dominguez
AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofGovernment,SuffolkUniversity,Boston,USA
©RobertoDominguez2015
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-32127-5
Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis
publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission.
Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted
savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe
Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence
permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency,
SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS.
Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication
maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages.
Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork
inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Firstpublished2015by
PALGRAVEMACMILLAN
PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited,
registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke,
HampshireRG216XS.
PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC,
175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010.
PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies
andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld.
Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates,
theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries.
ISBN 978-1-349-67268-4 ISBN 978-1-137-32128-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-32128-2
Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully
managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing
processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe
countryoforigin.
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Dominguez,Roberto,1967–
EUforeignpolicytowardsLatinAmerica/RobertoDominguez.
pages cm.—(TheEuropeanUnionininternationalaffairs)
Summary:“Thisbookanalyzestherelationsbetweentwogeographicalareas
withdifferentlevelsofregionalinstitutionalization:theEuropeanUnionandLatin
America.Takingplaceinaneoliberalsettingandcharacterizedbylow
interdependenceandasymmetry,thisrelationshipoperatesatdifferentlevelsthat
reflectthegeometryofthreeinstitutionalchannelsofbi-regionalcooperation.First,
EU-LatinAmericansummitsthatinvolveabroadinterregionalarrangementof
programsandincludeallthememberstatesofthisrelationship.Second,
EUassociationagreementswithtwoLatinAmericancountriesandone
sub-region,whichfocusonthreemainpillars(politicaldialogue,tradeand
cooperation).Andthird,freetradeagreementsasanalternativetocaseswhere
associationagreementscannotbereachedwithindividualLatinAmerican
countriesorsub-regionsinthemediumterm.Thebookarguesthatdespite
structurallimitsinherenttothebi-regionalrelationship,bothpartiesare
developingavarietyofmechanismstoadvancetheirinterestsandeventually
forgecommonpreferencesforfurthercooperationintheEuro-LatinAmerican
area”—Providedbypublisher.
1. EuropeanUnioncountries—Foreignrelations—LatinAmerica. 2. Latin
America—Foreignrelations—EuropeanUnioncountries. I. Title.
II. Title:EuropeanUnionforeignpolicytowardsLatinAmerica.
D1065.L29D662015
(cid:3)
341.2422098—dc23 2015002993
Contents
ListofTables vii
Acknowledgements viii
ListofAbbreviations ix
Introduction 1
Overviewofthechapters 4
1 EU–LatinAmericanInterregionalism 8
1.1 Regionalismandintegration 8
1.2 TheEuropeanUnionandLatinAmerica 12
1.3 Regionnessandhybridinterregionalism 17
2 EUPoliciestowardsLatinAmerica 28
2.1 TheEUsystemofexternalrelations 28
2.2 EUinstitutionsandLatinAmerica 34
2.3 EUpoliciesandLatinAmerica 37
3 TheSummits 52
3.1 Backgroundoftheinterregionalrelationship 52
3.2 Thesummits:Rediscoveringtheothertransatlantic
relationship 56
4 AssociationAgreements 69
4.1 Mexico:Thefrontrunner 69
4.2 Chile:Stabilityanddevelopment 76
4.3 CentralAmerica:Halfwayintegration 83
5 AlternativeStrategies 97
5.1 Brazil:Thenewglobalplayer 98
5.2 Colombia:Peaceandeconomicgrowth 105
5.3 Peru:Theeconomicmiracle? 109
5.4 Colombia/Peru:Movingforward 115
5.5 Ecuador:Reassessingthestrategy 119
6 RegionalPartners 125
6.1 Mercosur:Newprospects 125
6.2 CARIFORUM:Transformingtherelationship 130
6.3 Andeancommunity:Integrationindecline 136
v
vi Contents
7 TenseRelationships 144
7.1 Cuba:Thestagnationofthemodel? 144
7.2 Venezuela:Noprospects 151
7.3 Argentina:Unstablerecovery 159
Conclusions 172
Notes 180
Index 183
Tables
1.1 EU–LatinAmericantrade(rank,share,andbalance)
in2013 21
1.2 HDIinEUandLatinAmericain2013 23
2.1 ExamplesofEUpoliciestoLatinAmerica 38
2.2 EUElectoralMissionstoLatinAmerica 41
vii
Acknowledgements
I conceived the idea for this book after attending several seminars and
internationalconferencesheldintheUnitedStates,LatinAmerica,and
Europe during the first half of the 2010s. It began to take shape dur-
ingmypost-doctoralfellowshipattheEuropeanUniversityInstitutein
Florenceandthetextwascompletedafterresumingmyacademicduties
at Suffolk University in Boston. As some preliminary ideas of chapters
were sketched in short articles, the manuscript profited from the saga-
ciouscommentsofcolleagueswhoparticipatedinpanelsandroundta-
bles or simply communicated their views in conversations during
annualconventionsoftheInternationalStudiesAssociation(Singapore
and Toronto), the Latin American Studies Association (Chicago and
Washington), the European Union Studies Association (Baltimore), the
European Consortium for Political Science (Bordeaux), and the Aca-
demic Association for Contemporary European Studies (Leeds). Partic-
ipation in workshops created feedback from a diversity of audiences
and helped shape the manuscript. I would like to convey my appreci-
ation to the Miami-Florida European Union Center of Excellence, the
Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l’Europe (Luxembourg), Perm
State University (Russia), the European University Institute (Florence),
theUniversityofAberdeen,andtheUniversityofPuertoRico.
I thank the numerous officials and scholars who guided me through
theEU–LatinAmericalabyrinth,particularlythosewhoagreedtointer-
viewsconductedinBrusselsandMexicoCityorviaphone/emailduring
2013and2014.IalsothankSaraCrowley-VigneauandJemimaWarren
atPalgraveMacmillanfortheirsupport,BenedictaPriyaArulPeterand
her production team for their patience, and several research assistants
and student volunteers at Suffolk University during the long journey
ofresearchandwriting.DiegoZambrano,AlexWisnewski,andGunnar
Vincens were always willing to help and were responsive to academic
requests. Finally, my unconditional appreciation goes to my family for
theirsupport,motivation,andenergywhileIcompletedthebook.
viii
Abbreviations
AA AssociationAgreement
@LISII InformationSocietyProgram
ACP African,Caribbean,andPacificStates
ALBA BolivarianAllianceforthePeoplesofOurAmerica
ALFA CooperationProgrammebetweenHigherEducation
InstitutionsfromtheEuropeanUnionandLatin
America
APC AssociationParliamentaryCommittee
APEC Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation
ASEAN AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations
CACM CentralAmericanCommonMarket
CAFTA-DR CentralAmericanFreeTradeAgreement-Dominican
Republic
CAINCO SantaCruzChamberofIndustry,Servicesand
Tourism
CAMC ConsortiumforCentralAmerica,MexicoandCuba
CAN ComunidadAndina(AndeanCommunityofNations)
CARICOM CaribbeanCommunity
CARIFORUM TheForumoftheCaribbeanGroupofAfrican,
Caribbean,andPacific(ACP)States
CCIE ComitéConsultivodeIntegraciónEconómica
CCJ CentralAmericanCourtofJustice
CDES BrazilianCouncilforEconomicandSocial
Development
CECLA SpecialCommissionforLatinAmericanCoordination
CELAC CommunityofLatinAmericanandCaribbeanStates
CET CommonExternalTariff
CFSP CommonForeignandSecurityPolicy
CIFCA CopenhagenInitiativeforCentralAmericaand
Mexico
CLARA CooperacionLatino-AmericanadeRedesAvanzadas
CNI BrazilianNationalConfederationofIndustry
COPOLAD TheCooperationProgrambetweenLatinAmerica
andtheEuropeanUniononDrugsPolicies
CPI CorruptionPerceptionIndex
CSME CARICOMSingleMarketandEconomy
ix