EU Criminal Justice: Fundamental Rights, Transnational Proceedings and the European Public Prosecutor's Office PDF
Preview EU Criminal Justice: Fundamental Rights, Transnational Proceedings and the European Public Prosecutor's Office
Tommaso Rafaraci · Rosanna Belfi ore Editors EU Criminal Justice Fundamental Rights, Transnational Proceedings and the European Public Prosecutor’s Offi ce EU Criminal Justice (cid:129) fi Tommaso Rafaraci Rosanna Bel ore Editors EU Criminal Justice Fundamental Rights, Transnational Proceedings and the European Public ’ fi Prosecutor s Of ce Editors TommasoRafaraci RosannaBelfiore DepartmentofLaw DepartmentofLaw UniversityofCatania UniversityofCatania Catania,Italy Catania,Italy ISBN978-3-319-97318-0 ISBN978-3-319-97319-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97319-7 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018959223 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Thisbookisacollectionofupdatedandthoroughlyrevisedpresentationsfromthree internationalconferencesorganisedwithintheJeanMonnetprojectentitled“Three Conferences on EU Criminal Justice: Fundamental Rights, Investigation Measures andtheFutureEuropeanPublicProsecutor’sOffice–EUJuCo”bytheUniversityof Catania,betweenSeptember2015andFebruary2017,attheDepartmentofLawand theSiracusaInternationalInstituteforCriminalJusticeandHumanRights. Inlinewiththeproject—forthebenefitofscholars,studentsandpractitionersof law—thisbookpresents,firstofall,somecontributionsdedicatedtotheDirectives, andtheirdomesticimplementation,whichhaveprogressivelyreinforcedthecorner- stoneofproceduralrightsofsuspectsanddefendantsincriminalproceedingsinthe EU Member States so as to facilitate judicial cooperation (Part I). So, it is in this necessary framework that the following contributions must be placed concerning investigative measures and evidence in transnational criminal proceedings, which havetobeseenasacrosssectionofthecurrentstateofjudicialcooperationinthe areaoffreedom,securityandjustice,withtherelatedissuesofefficiency,coordina- tion, settlement of conflicts of jurisdiction and guarantees (Part II). Lastly, the contributionsinthefinalpartconcernemblematicallytheprospectofasupranational justice system, presenting the legislative proposal for the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office and its developments. By the time this Jean Monnet project had already been concluded, the proposal, by means of “enhanced cooperation”, took the form of EU Regulation 2017/1939, which the contributions naturallytakeintoaccount(PartIII). The editors trust that these essays, also thanks to the proven expertise of their authors, might stimulate critical reflection on a protean and continually evolving subject. Catania,Italy TommasoRafaraci Catania,Italy RosannaBelfiore 20April2018 v Contents PartI RightsandGuaranteesofSuspectsandDefendantsinCriminal Proceedings:TheEUDirectivesandTheirImpactonNational Laws FairTrialRightsintheEuropeanUnion:ReconcilingAccused andVictims’Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 AndréKlip 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 HarmonisationofCriminalProcedureintheEuropeanUnion. . . . . . . . 4 3 DefenceRightsintheEuropeanUnion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 Victim’sRightsintheContextofRightsoftheAccused. . . . . . . . . . . 21 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 TheImplementationoftheDirectiveonLinguisticAssistanceinItaly, BetweenChangestotheCodeofCriminalProcedureandCase-Law Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 27 MitjaGialuz 1 Analysingthe2010/64/EUDirective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2 TransposingtheDirectiveIntotheItalianLegalOrderwithLegislative DecreeNo.32/2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3 Case-LawResistance. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . 36 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 AwarenessofOne’sOwnRightsandKnowledgeoftheAccusation: TheImplementationoftheDirectiveontheRighttoInformation inItaly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 DanieleNegri 1 TheEssentialAimsoftheEUDirectiveontheRighttoInformation. . . 44 2 ImplementationoftheDirectiveintheItalianLegalSystem:Banning OldPracticesAbouttheRightoftheAccusedtoBeInformedofHis Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 vii viii Contents 3 TheInformationalRightsofPersonsUnderArrest. . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 48 4 InParticular:TheRighttoBeInformedoftheCharge. . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 5 Continued:TheRightofAccesstotheMaterialsoftheCase. . . . . . . . 53 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 TheRightofAccesstoaLawyerintheEuropeanUnion:Directive 2013/48/EUandItsImplementationinSpain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 MarJimeno-Bulnes 1 Introduction:InDefenceoftheRightsoftheAccused. . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 2 GeneralAspects:TheLackofRegulationoftheRighttoLegalAid. . . 59 3 ScopeofApplicationfromaTriplePerspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4 Content:RightsRecognisedintheDirectiveandOthersMissing. . . . . 63 5 SpanishPerspective:LegalRegulationandForensicPractice. . . . . . . . 67 6 FinalRemarks:TheImpactofDirective2013/48/EU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 “Minimum”ProceduralRightsinJudicialCooperationProcedures. . . . 71 CristinaMauro 1 Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 2 OneStepBehind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 73 3 AGlimpseAhead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4 ConclusiveRemarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 PartII TransnationalCriminalInvestigationsandProceedings: InstrumentsofJudicialCooperationinCriminalMatters TheEuropeanInvestigationOrderforEvidenceGatheringAbroad. . . . 85 FabrizioSiracusano 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 2 ASlowProgressionTowardsaMinimal“Harmonisation”. . . . . . . . . . 87 3 TheEuropeanInvestigationOrder(EIO):TheMostAdvancedDiscipline RegardingtheTransnationalEvidenceGatheringandInformation ExchangeinEurope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 4 AnEffectiveSimplificationofProcedures?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 5 A“Hybrid”ModelofResearchandEvidenceGathering. . . . . . . . . . . 91 6 BetweenMutualLegalAssistanceandMutualRecognition. . . . . . . . . 93 7 ‘EuropeanModels’ofInvestigationfora‘Reinforced’Protectionofthe FundamentalRightsofthePerson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 8 ADoubleCheckofProportionality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 9 OmissionsandAporiasoftheEIO’sDiscipline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 10 FinalConsiderations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Contents ix FreezingEvidenceandProperty:AlreadyinForceMutualRecognition AmongEUMemberStates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 GabriellaDiPaolo 1 Premise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 2 ReferenceLegalSources:GeneralPanorama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 3 FrameworkDecision2003/577/JHAontheExecutionofOrdersFreezing PropertyorEvidenceandFrameworkDecision2008/978/JHAonthe EuropeanEvidenceWarrant. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 105 4 ImplementationintheDomesticLegalOrder:LegislativeDecree No.35/2016. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 5 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 ConflictsofJurisdictioninCriminalProceedingsinEurope:Between BisInIdemandLisPendens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 LuciaParlato 1 ConflictsofJurisdictionandReasonsofTheirIncrease. . . . . . . . . . . . 116 2 TheCornerstone:TheNeBisInIdemPrincipleandItsComplex NormativeBasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 3 BetweenBisInIdemandLisPendens:Initiatives,NormativeSources andPossibleSolutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 JointInvestigationTeamsintheItalianLegislationImplementing FrameworkDecision2002/465/JHA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 RosannaBelfiore 1 PreliminaryRemarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 2 TheImplementationofJointInvestigationTeamsinItaly:Scopeof Application.. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 132 3 SomeFinalConsiderations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 JudicialCooperationSystemintheFightAgainstTransnational OrganisedCrime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 FrancescoTesta 1 UnitedNationsandtheFightAgainstOrganisedCrime.OriginandMain ContentsofthePalermoConventionandof“Additional”Protocols. . . 144 2 RelevanceofUNTOCfortheItalianSystem.RatificationLaw No.146/2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 3 OtherIssuesUnderDiscussionattheUnitedNations.TheRoleofthe EuropeanUnionInsideUNCommissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 4 ReviewingMechanism(Art.32Para.3,d)oftheConventionCompared toUNCACReviewingMechanism.State-of-the-ArtofNegotiationsfor theAdoptionofaReviewingMechanismoftheConventionandof Protocols.ItalianStandpoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 x Contents PartIII TheEstablishmentoftheEuropeanPublicProsecutor’sOffice: StepsForwardVersusNationalResistances BriefNotesontheEuropeanPublicProsecutor’sOffice:Ideas,Project andFulfilment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 TommasoRafaraci 1 ApprovaloftheEPPORegulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 2 SharedCompetence.. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . 158 3 ModificationstoEPPO’sStructureandNationalLink. . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 4 JudicialControls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 5 DecisionsonProsecution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 6 ProceduralGuarantees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 7 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 TheEuropeanPublicProsecutor:ControversyExpressedinStructural Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 MarianneL.Wade 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 2 ProvidingforProtectionoftheEU’sFinancialInterests. . . . . . . . . . . . 168 3 TheEPPOStructure:ControversyExpressedinStructure. . . . . . . . . . 174 4 TheEPPOandtheFuture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 5 TheKeyOpportunityMissed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 EurojustandtheEuropeanPublicProsecutor’sOffice.Introduction toaHistoricReform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 FrancescaRuggieri 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 2 Eurojust. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 3 TheEuropeanPublicProsecutor’sOffice(EPPO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 4 EurojustandtheEPPO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 5 SomeConsiderationsoftheEuropeanParliament,Followedinthe RegulationontheEPPO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 6 AnnotatedBibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 JudicialControloftheEuropeanPublicProsecutor’sOffice. . . . . . . . . 191 MartinBöse 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 2 FunctionandScopeofJudicialControl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 3 TheCommission’sProposalandtheNegotiationsintheCouncil. . . . . 194 4 TheTreatyFrameworkofJudicialReviewintheUnion. . . . . . . . . . . 197 5 TheEPPOandItsRelationshiptoNationalCourts(Art.86TFEU). . . 199 6 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Contents xi DefenceAreasandLimitsintheInvestigationsoftheEuropeanPublic Prosecutor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 EzechiaPaoloReale 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 2 GuaranteesofNationalSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 3 MinimumStandardsintheEuropeanDirectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 4 FundamentalRights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 5 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
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