Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages

839 Pages·2012·32.63 MB·English

Leiden Indo-European
Etymological Dictionary Series
Edited by
Alexander Lubotsky
VOLUME 7
Etymological Dictionary of Latin
and the other Italic Languages
By
Michiel de Vaan
«-a
• S
BRILL
LEIDEN · BOSTON
2008
— ^WOJHVJL uy LJic nnanciaj support of the Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research (NVVO).
iSN: 1574-3586
>BN: 978 90 04 16797 1
opyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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1NTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE vii
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ix
A. Languages, texts and authors ix
B. Reconstruction, grammar and text xii
C. Symbols xiii
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Aim of this dictionary 1
2. Definition of Italic 1
3. Research method 2
4. From Proto-Indo-European to Latin 4
4.1 Reconstructable stages 4
4.2 The phonology of Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Italic and Latin 6
5. The entries 10
5.1 Selection of entries 10
5.2 The entries 10
53 Dating 10
5.4 Derivatives 11
5.5 Proto-Italic 12
5.6 Italic cognates 12
5.7 Proto-Indo-European . 12
5.8 Indo-European cognates 12
5.9 Etymology 13
5.10 Bibliography 13
6. Periodization of Latin 14
DICTIONARY 17
BIBLIOGRAPHY 693
Abbreviations of literature 693
Authors 694
INDICES 723

PREFACE
This dictionary forms part of the project Indo-European Etymological Dictionary,
which was initiated by Robert Beekes and Alexander Lubotsky in 1991. The aim of
the project is to compile a new and comprehensive etymological dictionary of the
inherited vocabulary attested in the Indo-European languages, replacing the now
outdated dictionary of Pokomy (1959). The present work represents the Italic part of
the project. Like much of the project, it has had a chequered history. In 1998, my
colleague Michiel Driessen started his PhD-project on the etymology of Latin and the
other Italic languages. After a few years, he changed his mind about his professional
career and left the project, leaving behind a database which mainly contained the
entries beginning with a- and 6-, and sporadic entries elsewhere. Other results of his
research were published in five articles (Driessen 2001, 2003ab, 2004, 2005), Since
the Italic evidence is indispensable to the Indo-European etymological dictionary as a
whole, it was decided that I would continue the database started by Driessen. The
main body of my text was written in the academic year 2006-2007 during a sabbatical
leave from teaching.
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the colleagues of the Department of
Comparative Indo-European Linguistics of Leiden University who took over my
courses and some related obligations during the year 2006-2007: Alwin Kloekhorst,
Guus Kroonen, Michael Peyrot, and Alexander Lubotsky. For logistic support, I am
indebted to the Leiden University Center for Linguistics (LUCL) that arranged the
assistance of Ms. Marieke Meelen to help me sift through parts of the bibliography. In
the Summer of 2007, I had the privilege to spend nearly three months as a visiting
researcher at Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) in the United States to further reflect on
some aspects of Latin etymology. 1 have greatly benefited from the assistance of and
the discussions with my colleagues Michael Weiss and Alan Nussbaum, specialists in
both Italic and Indo-European linguistics. Michael Weiss also read the proofs and his
many detailed comments have helped to improve the final result. For technical
support, I would like to thank Maarten Hijzelendoom, who spent many days writing a
macro for generating the indices of this book.
Leiden, April 2008.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
A. LANGUAGES, TEXTS AND AUTHORS
Acc. Accius Cz. Czech
Aeol. Aeolic Dan. Danish
Afran. Afranius Dor. Doric
Alb. Albanian Elog.Scip. Elogia Scipionum
Andr. Livius Andronicus EM Etymologicum Magnum
Apul. Apuleius (after Greek words)
AT. Aristophanes EMoBr. Early Modem Breton
Arc. Arcadian EMoIr. Early Modern Irish
Arm. Classical Armenian Enn. Ennius
Att Attic ep. epic
Aug. Augustine Etr. Etruscan
Av. Avestan Fal. Faliscan
AV Atharvaveda / -ic Fest Sextus Pompeius Festus
Bac, Bactrian Galat Galatian
BaL Balochi Gaul. Gaulish
BeL Belorussian GelK Cn. Gellius
Boeot. Boeotian gloss. in glosses
Br. Brahmana / -ic Gm. Germanic
BrCl. British Celtic Go. Gothic
Bret. Breton Gr. Greek
BS1. Balto-Slavic Gracch. C. Sempronius Gracchus
Bulg. Bulgarian H. Homer
CaeciL Caecilius Statius Hdt. Herodotus
Caes. Caesar Hem. Cassius Hemina
Cat. Catullus Hem. Hernican
Cels. A. Cornelius Celsus Hit. Hittite
Celtib. Celtiberian HLuw. Hieroglyphic Luwian
Cic. Cicero Hor. Horace
CLat. Classical Latin Hp. Hipponax
CLuw. Cuneiform Luwian Hsch. Hesychius
Co. Cornish IE Indo-European
Col. Columella Ilr. Indo-Iranian
Cret. Cretan Ion. Ionic
CS Church Slavic Ir. Irish
χ ABBREVIATIONS
It Italic NHG New High German
Juv. Juvenal Non. Nonius Marcellus
Khot Khotanese '. Norw. Norwegian
Khwar. Khwarezmian Nov» Novius {comm.)
Lab. Laberius NPhryg. New Phrygian
Lac. Laconian 0, Oscan
Laev. Laevius OAlb. Old Albanian
Larg. Scribonius Largus OAv. Old Avestan
Lat. Latin OBret. Old Breton
Latv. Latvian OCo. Old Cornish
LCo. Late Cornish OCS Old Church Slavonic
Lesb. Lesbian OCz. Old Czech
Lex Reg. Lex Regiae OE Old English
Lex XII Lex Duodecim Tabularum OFr. Old Frisian
Lith. Lithuanian OHG Old High German
LG Low German OIc. Old Icelandic
LLat. Late Latin Olr Old Irish
LPBr. Late Proto-British OLat. Old Latin
Luc. Lucan OLFr. Old Low Franconian
Lucil. Lucil ius OLG Old Low German
Lucr. Lucretius OLith. Old Lithuanian
Luw, Luwian ONorw. Old Norwegian
Lye. Lycian OP Old Persian
Lyd. Lydian OPhryg. Old Phrygian
Marr. Marrucinian OPo. Old Polish
Mars. Marsian OPr. Old Prussian
Mart. Martial ORu. Old Russian
MBret. Middle Breton OS Old Saxon
MCo, Middle Cornish Oss. Ossetic
MDu. Middle Dutch OSwe. Old Swedish
ME Middle English Ov. Ovid
MHG Middle High German OW Old Welsh
Mir. Middle Irish Pac. Pacuvius
MLG Middle Low German Pael. Paelignian
MoDu. Modern Dutch Pal. Palaic
MoE Modern English PAlb. Proto-Albanian
Molr. Modern Irish PalU. Palaeo-Umbrian
MoP Modem Persian Pamph. Pamphylian
MP Middle Persian PAnat Proto-Anatolian
MW Middle Welsh Parth. Parthian
Myc. Mycenaean Paul, ex F. Paulus Diaconus ex Festo
Naev. Gnaius Naevius PBr. Proto-British
Nem. Cyn. M. Aurelius Olympius PCI. Proto-Celtic
Nemesianus, Cynegetica Petr. Petronius