Etica e religione in Abraham Joshua Heschel. Lineamenti di una filosofia dell’Ebraismo

176 Pages·2001·9.78 MB·Italian

by  Gianluca Giannini

Judaica
Colldiarneatt aG iduas eLpipses a
GabriSeltlelaie nErdn,ri Rcoa bmal di
4
GianluGciaa nnini
Eticea r eligione
inAh raham JoshuHae schel
Lineamedin utin afil osofideal l'Ebraismo
Guida
Stampcoant coon tribduetlo MUCRoSTfi nanzln1mgg8e nto
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Collandaie levavotlooc reu lturole
Minispetrie B reonC iu lteuA rmolbii entuli
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L. 5
Guido N2a00po1vil,ai Port'1A9ib o,
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E�IAIL
ISBN88- 7188.472-8
Presentazione
AbrahaJm.H eschneolnè u np ensatfoacrielC eo.m et utctoil o­
roc hes ii nstalsluanlloli en deief ornticehreas epareac nool legano
trlao rios apereig lpir ocesduse e ntineornti r acccihaerit siu ltaan o,
voltdei,ffi cilmdeenstceri vei cbhiels ie mbrarnios ulfitnat rreo ppo
spesisnot erroo atvtvii lupep iantgia rbufgral lioartNoio. n s olo.
Quesstein tineornsi e mprcei rcoscrtievrorniodt eoifrniib iilni
maniertaa lceh es en ep osstar accuinaar em appam ucohvee,nd dao
unp untdoir iefrimepnrteoc icsoon,s ednitd ae finilrece o ordidnia te
uno rdirnieg orPoesrqo u.e setgols iip resecnotmae auunt osrufeg ­
genteel ,an otevmoollede e lslueoe p erceh es paziaunnop oi'n tutti
ig enersiiv ,ad asla gglieot terala treisofit loo sofidcaol,sl tou dio
etico-poalq iuteilcosl too rpiceonro, n p arldaergeel sip erimepnotei­
ticpir,od ucienc hli' accuonsaqt uaa cle rstean sazdiios npea esamen­
toA.l prciomnot actotnuo n at avla rideiat ràg omeend tipi r oblema­
ticihllee ttroirsec ihniafatt,id ,iri manesrmea rrdiite os,s easrsea lito
dau naq uacle rtvae rtigiend ei n onp otesrsoit traalrlr'ei mpressione
chel as uao permaan chid iu nc entUrno'.i mprescshiepo unòee s se­
rer affor.tp.artoap rqiuoan dos ic onfrocnotniis uolii bpriiùi mpor­
tanqtuie,l clhies onanoc heip isùp iccatamfielnotseo vfiicsii,b ilmen-
8 Etica ree ligione
tec ostrcuoinut nias egrienttae nzsiiosntee mcoamteiè ci acasl o di
Lu'omon oèns olUona.fi losodefilalre al igoid oiDn ieao l rilac erca
dellmo'.uC oomeh as critctoona cuteEzzam iFla ckenbqeuianmd,o
cis ia ccopsetlraa p rimvao latlapl aeg idniLe ' uonmooè ns osliho a
las ensrurjcohnele ' au"tnoorsnee guaal cmuent odeoc "iin òg enem
disaegs imoa rrimMeans teso is. u peqruae sitmob .oi nizicail e
arart
sir encdoen cthole a s ensrurjdio "nvea ghèep Z7r.ao dontotnda a ll'as­
sem·.ad im etodmoad, a lmleas coldaimn e:tt.ao dCiis" ri.e ncdoen to,
ciocèh,se iè d if ronutneae s trema coemc phlqeeu sesscitotamà ­,
a
plesnsoinet sàc lude Sli'c oormdpirneean.nd zeci,h, eq uest'ordine
c'eèc hleo s ip uòr icostpruairtreenda,d uon p untcoe ntrdaa ulne ,
assdeir ifericmheein ntdoic coanp recisliado inree zvieornlseao
quale miculao mvmei snpoe culdaiHt esicvhoe l.
Penro na vecro mprqeuseos tol arf iactetzodi eoslnu epeo n sie­
roa,n chneen lo stpraoe sèes ,t aots aca rsofa r ammenCteartrdaoi a.
nomio lstuiol ii bsroins ot attria deoa tltciuf nrleae p isùi gnificative
delslueoe p enroen s oniog nonteem meanlol ettdoimr eed icaul tu­
raM.a l 'taetnzidoendei caalst uapo ensiseers oie, s clluadb ee n
costrmuointoag rdaiBfi uah olnionnè, s tactoar rnidsepnotemente
mnpiae,l 'interpcrhedeti eaz sisoèons et adtaatpe ar,l op iiùn r api­
den otien trodaultvlteeir vseii toalniidan eesi u oties thiaa, u tori:t:�..ato
lar appresendtiua nzH ieosncehp erle valent"esmcernitdtiet ore
coser eligiose".
GianlGuicaan nnionnèic aduitnqo u esttraa ppHoals at.u diaa to
luneg ot aa ppteuttolt 'ao pedriHa e schheael s,p locroamnt eot ico­
losailtcàu dneel dliem ensfioonndia mednetlall'ie bcroanitsemmo­
poranesoo,ff ennanpdaortsiic olasnnue"lnn tueo pevnos ieirnoa"u ­
guratdoaF .R osenzwees iugnl e o-chassciudhiiad s amtouo nco ntri­
butfoo ndameanltla'olid ene isl.,e jcoMlaor tBiunbe re,h am esso
a
fuoccoo np articaotltaermdeo nmeo daiit travie rqsuqoau leis to
"nuopveon siseèirdi off"u storl aec orrendteil l'ebarmaeirsimcanoo
contemporfaenceoon,d anind moalnei epraa rtaninceonltcere ativa.
Quesgtlohi ac onsendtici otgol iil peurnet doir iferismeegnutiot o
daH eschneelcl o rdseosl u oc ammisnpoi rietd uiad leefi nilrae
fisionocmoimap ledsisu inv'aa wendit puernas icehroeè t utt'altro
chdies ordiens actoan neCsosmaeG. i annfiavn eid emroel bteon iel,
banddoelloml aat asèsc ao stituniotzoi dodin"a efil lloas eobfiraa ica",
Presentazione 9
noziocnoes truintepalr ivmeon ntneidoes le coilnmo a,n ideirvae rsa
et uttpaevimrao lastpie tcotniv eerngtnee,lo lpee drieM artin Buber
ed iF ranRzo senzwAe piagrti.r eu ndpaao lemfirtocaec olnat radi­
zionseiv luppactoasmdiei, c eFvraa nRzo senzwterilaga" Ionei a
Jenac·h,ece ,n surandeo reprimleosn tudpoo re chef ronntasec e di
almloart ed esli nguoolmood ,e gilnin uemveorsliin guoolmiic nhie
continuamsepnrotfeo nndaenllsoeu sep ihrea,i dentilfiafic laotsoo ­
fia counn 'impfrnoedsaam entacolnmosecnitteci ovnua. n sac ien7..a,
interprceotmaceta ap adciic toàg liicleu roelre o gidceol moedn id o
procedeurnead esac riezisoanuesd teilvtlaoa t aelsiotràc,i :a.ando
coslìep audrees li nguoolmomo a l asciainndeov iasbloi sodgnio
sencshoe slpoi nagi em pegnairsnic essantienmu ennost feo r7d.io
ricerscae mpnrueo vsoe,m pdriev eanrcshoes ef rqeuentdaatlol a
stepsrseaoc cuanpgaotsac eisai stee.Sn ez.ani c7aolmportnaerses una
savlutazdieoin es paopseirdtiei lvisl,ce i ennazteu er adleisl cliee n::.r.e
umanqeu,e lploal emaivceaav pae rtloa starllfaaormd aziao ned iu n
"nuopveon esrioi"ng, r a,ds oenezas smeirn imamaepnotleo getico
nesiu ocio nofnrtir,e cduip egrlsailr aecn rceia dteilvblir' aeismo.
Poggiandsou ldlias tindzioi roingiekn,ae n tirainparn,ee sal sltoe sso
torndoit empo nncHheei ddae ggaenrc hec obne nd iverso spiri­
se
tot,r a coneop secnesarri"eeln u, o vpoe nsiaevreoriv"da a dtiog nai tà
una ntimcoodd oi i nterriongtaorsairni go r anpdrio bldeemlvili at a,
dimostrcahned op rnoeplrilo' deeptlor ciaood neflslcei epnozsei tive
e detlelcan nieclal,' deeplomlcasaas ima dilcaotmadezii ocMne.e ,
Bubedre,ml o ndo dedlilv'eeannsctsoaor p,ai uùrg encteer cdia re
capiirnce h tiep od iu nivearbsiot isaeem sos,oi nsè i ntonia con l'u­
mano tendseeèr ea do o esstiosli oen deirffencthece,o spao ssiamo
effettivamenctoem prened ear ep artire dsaev 'quèun fia nlei limiti,
peirvil v erseeh, au ns enssooff reim roer iers eev 'è quraalgcihoen e
fondaptears peraerp ee ra girCei.r coscrivuenn lduoo gsop ecifico
dellr'riazonigtoene n.Iososfiieca r raeip sapsroo pricaitodoèiq uelli
cheer asntoa igt ria dnii nrtreogadteiplve in simeertoa fisedi ecla
pensireerloi gmiaon soons, ie rpae nri enmtoes triantcola iu nne
ritorno alclh'seiiri n sdoilevnteersslosu edo i ssooln veedlri ssic orso
delmleat afisoi cnade ils cdoerlsrloe al nieg.i o
Èd aq ui mcuhoevH ee schsepli,nq tuoas,ni a taulrmenctoem,e
fav edeGriea nniinqn uie,sd tiar ezdiaolsnleuaf a orm mrjonceh assi-
lO Eticar eeli gione
dicEa p.r oppriaort enddaqo u i,c oesgtlriuu nias cfiselu oas cohfiea,
inq uanto fielborsaonifiocanas ,ip resecnotmace o ntradletlalrae
filosgorfieamc aa", e sclusicvoammueen nmato ed alalittrdiàa pe n­
sierUon"am. o dalailttdàri pa e nsicehrseoi s viluspepgau elnad o
traiegtittùor riaaca c,i asnteeclop lroe ceendtaen,c dhaeKi erkegaard
iql uaalvee ivan tu"ifitloo soficeaa mnetnitfiel osoficchvaeim ente
sonaor eienc uiipl e nsineornpo u òas tradrarlel 'essievs utoelneza
ragguingelrave e ritàu"np. e nMsaic ehroèef ondamentalmaelnltae
ricedrecslae nnsoond evoeri entiandrs iir ezdieolnlere' ,ed ssiue n
essenreeu,t croom,qe u elhleoi deanggoe crhiien traplp'ouloam o,
chiamaadat por iarslcilo am prendsiei sosnnoee, lls ep idir uen d esti­
noc hneo sn av otasrenl oona l n ulQluae.s to pceonmsilei p eerno­,
siero bdiebvcleoi mcion,ca ir airflee tptaertreenn doondal dato di
ftatcoo stidtaulilt'ome asds aelsrloearp red'sae scsheiern ea bli'tuao­
mofi nd aplri mmoo menfitnod ,aq uancdioo,sè ri,i sveaglclloiana ­
sapevodlies zéQza.u espteon sideervpoeo rarlec entdreols luaa
attenzpiroonpeqr uieos stoar prcehsela ' uopmroo vaf orndit ael
ftatdo' esqsueir e come quessitnog qoeulseoise,stss toees rne tpea ra­
todal sueos seirnme an ietraacl hepe e dirv entqaruee lclhèoed eve
agiirnem aniecrhaeq uesstuoo epsrseenrcedo ar pnoe lsluava i ta
quotidIi"lan nuaop.ve on s"in eorsnoii m pegeqn uai nndoisn si m ar­
risscuesi e ntiinetreir artottatviieq rsuoas lidi o vrebgbuien gear e
mettefruoceo anl oa:.d odneel l'edsesleln'zasu cioo mnoc,e bnetnrsal
supir obleesmiis tednes7lij nagluoiol mopeo r e sploirnasrieae l muei
ea ttradviel rulsiaso u sai tuazeisotinesen ziaElsesp.or encodrpeo ,
dunquceo,mpe e nsieesreiosnj t7alcehi en q uanetsoin szitaelpeo,i ­
chnéo ns id àe stiesnczah neo ns iians ituazionèean ,c hpeen siero
situaziCoonnagleed.a nidnm oasnii edreafi invidata ltlraa dizione
antoloqguiecspate on sineornco e daei riceha ilsaleemd iu zdii oni
quelilmep toaszicohneii,n o bbdeienazu an as egriestpai razione
positirviitsetnicgchoaaen,l o fil naed ello'laongftais ae guliadti os so­
luzidoenlefil lao sofisau pnpeeoriis i.St einvczaio ntesltearp er eroga­
tivdees iu peprois ietsisvcoio ,n tianr uiav endail"c paernes iielr o"
compidteol lr'riongtoazenies usle nsnoe,lc loan vinzchieo" niel
segrdeetlol 'eusosmeirneni e lstlte'ari enpsesiresl i gnificeac thoèe"
quesitnot eressei nam o mteeo tat eorreli ae nrtiadcree'elru lcoam o.
I.:uonmoons aresbtbaeet n oo ns areqbubee lclhoeè sneo n
PresentiiZione
11
avescseer caent oon c ercasislse e nsdoiq uelclhoeh af atetc oh ef a.
È l'intepreeris lss ieg nifiqcuaetlcol hoef ondas ulada i ffereenl zaa
suadis tan7.ad arle gno aniMmaal l'ei.n tepreeris lss ieg nificcuait o,
egldie vielp rocesdsiou mani7..7.azionaet,t.ee sri tvae luan os tadit o
disaogriiog innareilol 'uÈo,mcoo .m ed icHee schqeule,s "tsot adtio
incezJ"rt".en.ae pir opcroin frocnhteli os" p inagc eo mpie"ruena ttdio
dissociaez diido insei mpengenico o"n frodnetli"l mae reas istenza
sieas saan imaol ael trÈo q"u.e sutnop assaggiod ecispievrcoo m ­
prendieplru en tovi sdtida iH eschSeelco.n dlou oig nunnoe,pl a rti­
red aq uesta conedi nzieoplno er aslil rai cerdceasl e nsionq uesto
modor,e ctae stimonianzad idffieclodllaatc àu liu cio meo gnuio mo
muoveed imoscthreia n l ucio mei no gniu omol 'astttesos doipe n­
sarnea scdea u n'emenrzgaeC.h ip enspae,n siane meregnza.
Sempree ino gntie mpSoe.m prmea,s pecialmeonggit,e dolp'oe ­
ventdios truttidiv Aou schwictzh eh adi mostrqautaon stioa pnreoca ­
rileeb asid ia ppoggcihoes ostenlg'ounmoan o.
Orap,e nsairnee m ergeènp7.a e nsairnme a nienroand ivedras a
comeh ape nsatiolv erpoe nsireerloi gioso.i neP meenrsgaermr.ae
equivianlfea,at c tie,r calrere i spoasgtliein terrogautlitvieimc ie rca­
rel er ispoasgtliein terrouglattiiemvqiiu ivaa" lper edisaplolr'sai­
scoldtico i còh ep uòs uggerisroelu on afi losodfieal rleal igione".
Costruiirlne u ovpoe nsiseirgon ipfiecrHa e schceols truuniarfi el o­
sofidae lrleal igiÈoq nuee.s to qcuheeel gllhoiai ntefsaorn ee clo rso
diu na vita eodpi enrtoesnDasiq a u.e sfitlao sodfieal rleal igcihoen e
sii denticfiocnua n afi losodfieal l'ebrGaiiasnmndoie nsic riit vrea tti
fondamenftaacleinv,de od ecroem ee sspar encdoarp oc,o ntempora­
neamenstieca,o mcer itica dellsai caro emleai ugtioocnhei arificvjo­
ned elrleal igisoicnaoe m,ec ritdieclal 'ebrsaiciaos mmeao u tochiari­
ficUJ'jodneel l'ebrmauiosvmeond,da ot rpeu ndtiip artenpzae rg iun­
geraett,r avelrets rovie e c hec onducoan lou ial,l cao ntemplazione
di Diol:a p rim"aq,u eldlii an tuliarp er esednizaD ion elm ondo,
nellceo s..e l ;as econ"dqau,e ldliia n tuliars eu ap resennzeal la
Bibbilaa"t ;e r."uq,u eldliia n tuliarse u ap resennzeag latit i".
Percorreqnudeos ttrese t rald'ean alciosnid odtatH aes chedle fmisce
lel infeoen damentdaiul niafi losodfieal rleal igiic ouneies iptir,o ­
prioco me queldleil l'ebrsaoinseomm oi,n entemeetinctIien.s into­
niac ong liin segnamednetliTl oar aqhu esfitlao sodfieal rleal igione