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Ethnos e civiltà. Identità etniche e valori democratici PDF

182 Pages·1995·3.791 MB·Italian
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Preview Ethnos e civiltà. Identità etniche e valori democratici

sapere Campi del l Fèltrinelli A seguidteolt lrasaf ormaziodneels locei ectào ntemporaneied ,i bat­ tistuig iustsiocziiaael dee conomiscuda e,m ocrazeic aoe sistedniz a divegrurpspii e tniscoin doi ventanuttoi c oncrqeutain utrog enLtai . ser"iSeo ciemteàt"ta e f uocporo blemi reallalsteci iveins zoec iali graziea u nap rospettiva cahlelc aormgpartae nde ecpoonloimtioa­, logiaan,t ropolcouglitau rea ulreb aniics.a" tCampdie ls ape­ re/Sociienttàe"nf doet ograiff eanroem epniiùr ilevdaenlmt oin do contemporaenp eroo porrem odelliing raddoip reparialfr uet uro. CarlTou llio-èA plrtoafne sesmoerriet doi A ntropolcouglitau rale all'UnivdeiTrs riietsàtH eap. u bblicLo astpoi:r rietloi gdieomlso on do primit(iISvlao g giat1o69r0e),A, n tropofluongizai o(nBaolmep iani, 1697)V,a locrlasis,is ocieas lcie lptoel it(iacshsei aedmA el berMtaor ­ radBio,m pia1ni79,6, )M anuadlei a ntropolcouglitau (rBaole mpiani, 1791,)M oddii p roduzeil oontedt ica las sei nI tal(iaas siaeR moeb er­ toC artoccMio,n dadori-1I79s9e)Ad,ni t,ro poloSgtioare.ip aro blemi (Feltrin1e89l3ls;ie ,c oneddai ziaomnpel ia1t89a5 )Lll,n ostIrtaa lia. Arretrastoeczizoac ultculriaelnet,e ltirsamsof,o rmiesr miob ellismo dall'Unadi toàgg i( Feltri1n89e6)l,Plo ip,u liest mroa sformiSasgm­o. gisou lle idepoolloigtiiiteca hlei( aFneel tri1n89e9l)Sl,oigg ,e tstiom,b o­ loev aloPreeur.n 'ermeneuatnitcrao pol(oFgeilctar i1n99e2l)l.i , CarloThl li o-Altan Ethnos civiltà e Identietàtni cheev alorid emocratici � Fèltrinelli © GiangiacFoemlot rinEedliltioM riel ano Primead iziionn" eC ampdies la peroet"t ob1r9e9 5 ISBN 88-07-10193-9 l.I ntroduziaoldn ieb attsiutlol 'ideenttniitcàa l.Pr emessa Nonv iè forsuen a rgmoentdoe ld ibattciotnot eomrpaneo, piùc otnroverdsiqo u elsluorl a pportfor ai lp rincipdiino a zio­ nalitcào,s ì leaglaleteso pe riendzeelp assateo l,' eesniazg di unn uovoor dinseo ravnaziolneca hep ongfai nael lseta rgie ai genocidcih ea ffliggonoog g,ip iù cmhaei, l es ocietà nel mon­ do.U n ordianen cor tduati tnvoe ntea.Er alt empo stneosns o viè p roblematnieclal a qiuc artlieerr iaz ionapelr ip oteraldae ­ guatameanffrtoen ta,ri ent ermindii d efinizieod niti e orie am­ piamenctoen diisves,i ancoo ssìc ares tir oppsope ssos over­ chiadtaia ttgegiameenmtoit viie irraziolniLa.a c onseguenza neè cheg leis eprtiim pegnaitniq uestgoe nerdeir icercshie sono lasscsiitaetmia ticamseonprtreen derien,q uesutlit imi ann,id ae vencthie naovne vaanffoa ttpore svtioc,o mei lc rollo subainteod ia ssetstocii ale if ormes tatucahleis embravnao dovesrfi adrei s ecloie, c omea,l c ontraor,ii lr iemgeerrper e­ potendtie foremten icdhiea g gergaziosnocei lea,c hep areva­ noo ramai dels pteuntetts eot oricamseunpteaert .e Ilf enomencoh e satlca e nrtod iq uesvtai cenddiac ,u it an­ to psair lea c ospìo cos ic onoscèe a,p puntiolp rnicipio dell'idenettintiàcN ao.ns onom ancaitinq uesutlit iamnin ii tentatipei rv metterae f uocoq uestcoo ncetnteoiv, a riin dirizzi dellsec ienuzmea nes:o ciolopgsiioacl,goi aa,n troploogicau l­ turlaes,c iendzeal lpao littiecnat,a cthievs iir iafnnoa refeenrti ogget,tc iovmiel ar azzai,lp opoloi,lt erritioorl,a l ignual,a culutra,l as itrpe;o sogegttiic,v omes tadtiic oscieinnzcao nsa­ pevolmenvtei ssuot cio,ns apeovlmentrea ppersenttiav,uo i nellfao rmda el mivtuooi,i nt ermindii p ensrioer azinoal.e L'idenettintiàèc sat atdaiv oltian voilntteas cao meu na trti- 7 butpor imordilaepe rmanentee i ndelebo icloem,eu np rodotto stoiracmentceo ndizioenc autlota ulrmenctoed iifcato. A mioa vvsiou nn otveole iacrcrheinmtdoi q ueas tdiscus­ sionae m olteipclvio cis,pe ssoa ssadii scdoarntfrai dil or,o e none sendtaef orctio ndziionamepnotlii tdiecoolg-oiic, iè ve­ nutod aglsit uddiiA nthonDy. S mit(hS mith1 98,41 992, 1919,)i lq ualhea m essbeon e ine videnzuan f attoe, cicoèh e ses onom ultoirmfi lev erisoins toirchdee llied enteittnài che nelm ondoe nei sleinc,eo ssupnuaò p rescnideer,pe r costtuii­r sid,a u nn uclesoi moblicfoon damentaclheel, ed ias enseo va­ loer.T uttavdioap oa ver nb cehiratioq uestpou nt,oi nn essun luogdoe llsau av astoap erdai r ciognizicorintei ecgal ciio ffre una pprfoondimendteol lqau alistpàei cifcae deic onteneu ti articolazdiiqo uneis tnou clesoi mbolfioncdoa menlte,a cchie pemrettdai u sraloq ualset urmenteou irstiscood daicsefnte nellraci ostruzisotnoeir orgaifcad eip rocesscih el or iguarda­ no.E a questo pmuins toon oc hiessteuo n t alaep proonfdi­ menton onf ossep ossibiel nee,c esisoap,re rp ortaarvea tnii l suod iscsoor. 2L.' indidreilzplzraoe sernitcee rca Giàd at emp,om ie roi mpegnatnoe llsot udsiuol olrei gien i le ecanerz dellsop irpiutbob lidceol lsao cieittàa lisaunia ,f on­ damenetpii stemoldoegliilcdeei o logpioeili tceh chhea nncoa ­ rattzezraitloas torniaazo inalee s ull orcoa rattseirmeb olico, dac uil 'esigperngeziau dilzedi iac haiririels igniicfatod adrae all'eisepnaez srimoblicmae deisma, qiuna ntqoua laittivamen­ ted istidnatq au elrlaaz iolnesa,t udcihoe h ap ortatop uabl­la blicazidoiun nes aggsiuoq uestsop eicfiacrog moent(oT ullio­ Alta1n99 2I)n.q uestsoa ggaiffroo ntvao,i nm odos inetti,ci ol temad ellfaom razioen delelt'hnocso,m eu nad ellfieg uprrie n­ cipadleipl a tirmonisoi moblidceol cluatl uruam ana. Questmoi os tudmiioar quind,ii np rimol uog,o eas lpicai­t rea deugatamenctieòc hec ostituliaqs ucalei tsài moblicdae l­ le'thneo as f,o rmulaurnei deai-dteilqp uoa lvee riicfrael 'ope­ raitviattàta rversuon s nitetiecxoc ursstuosr iscuol lfeor me chel 'idenettintiàèc vae nutaas sumenndeolc orsdoe it empi neid iveirp sae.sI ina lttreimr inqiu estiand aginseip ropondei forniruen os trumentoc odnio scecnhzeaa, lm enoi np atre, sia ing raddoi c olamreu na ccertvauottoo d is aperei nq uessteot ­ toer. Da tuttcoi òd eriav las trutturdaiq uestvoo lmue.I nu na prmia partdee ql ualseir pirendae g randlini eei ld iscsoosr ul- 8 las pecificdietlàl 'eersinepzas imoblciap,e rc omprendeprieùa fondol aq ualidtiqà u el valocreh iacmhiea emtoh noo isd,e n­ titeàt nicIanu. n as econpdaar tseit entdaid elinree- aneil i­ mitcio nseintdtia ll'econdoemlvi oal ume s-tqeusaslose i sat a­ tol os voilmgentdoi acrondieclols au ai ncindzean els ucceerd­ sid ellfeo rmset oirchdei a ggrezgiaondee ig ruppsio ciadlaii, tempain ticahlils eo ciectoàne tmporan,en eelldei verasree e geogriachfe,e unat erzpaa rtiel ltursa qunaesl iia noa tlteu ali maniefstaziionnr iel,a zioanlels ot atdoe ir apporitnit erniaoz­ nalie, i nr agiodnieu np osbsiilee a upsicabsiuloef utursvoi ­ luppion s ensuon viesralisetdie ccou meincoc,h et rascein da limidteilt endzeinaelte nocteirnsmon elq ualfei qn uil 'identità etniscièa e spresnsealm ondo. Inq uesstian tcehseiè p iùu ns uggeirmentdoir icercchaei l rsiultadtiuo n i'ndagisnteoi rco-ictriccao mpiutal,aq ualrei ­ chiederebbebnae l at mroled il avo,rs oiè tenuptrae sentpee,r evitairlre i schdiiro i percorsrterraecd hee h annoor macio n­ dottao r iuslttais toricamdeanttaetl ial, e izondee llsac uola francese Adenlnlael es. È faciilnef atti acleldfaea crsien zaiondee l'lidleiasmloe tte­ rariqou andsoip arldaie tnioa d in azio,nc eont oniin evitabil­ mentcee leabtrievid enmcioastiicnqi u,a ntqou eplr inciiopè effetmteinvtapea rtien treagntdee lp atroinmio tcuurladlieu n gruppos ociaelmeo taimventveis sutcoo mev aloproes itdiavio suddiot dia ic ittadcihneli oc omponngoo. Ma la tcuurlnao nè tuttionu, n as toircaf ormazisooncei a­ leb,e nssìo lloa c omponentdeiu ni nsiedmied imensiocnhie , nelq uadrdoiu nd ateoc osstiemsai,a rtoilcac,o mec ih ai nse­ gnatFoe rnandB raudenle,l s ensdoe ll'econdoemlilfaeo, rz e sociadleil,il se tituzpioolcniith iei,n siedmiec uil ac utlurpaa r­ teciipnam odoi ntera,t tcieiv ooaèl t empso tesdseot erminan­ tee detmeirnatEo c.o siìlp atroinmisoi mbol,ic choef ap arte dellcau ltau driu np opolaop,p arceo nidizonatsot oircamente dallveie cnded ell'inscioesmcìeo mel ec ondizioèn uan,a realctoànc retsat oriecn ao nm etaifsciae,v ac oncepipteor tan­ ton elq uadrdoi namidciou naf ormsat rocia,c heè queldlia unad atsao cieotràgn aizzactoam eu nas trutat cuhreè alt em­ pos tesusnoa c oniguntuar. NOTAB IBUOGRAFICA Petros(i19n9o1) s, u ltliap oldoegliplare i ncitpeaolrciio en tempo­ raneient emdai i denteittnài pcpa.1, - 11;s4 uldlias tinzfirtoaen oe- 9 rioeg gettivissotgigcehtet,i vpirismtoircdhiea,el fiusntzei onaliste, pp3. 8-39; Scio(l9l1a8 3s)u,g alsipe tstocii olodgeilcplira o blemaettinciac a (dimensliocoantei sveal,e titnitveag,r aatpipvraoc)c,fi uon zionalista, dii nteraziosniimsbomloie c foe nomenolsoogciiaap lpe.7, e sgg., antolodgiti eas dtiia utodreil vlaer tieen den(zPea rsoTnusrn,e, r Holz,nP eirzzornToo,u raiF.n Bee,r g,Pe .rB erg,Ke erlelrnL,u ckmann, Luhmann); Hroc(h91 85s)u,l l'apdpoerltpelore s onaldietimà i litiamnpet­i gnanteipi r ocesdseiri e vievtanli pcpi3.,- 30; Epste(i18n9 3)s,ul dliev ersper ospettsiocvieo:l ogi(cDaur kheim, ToenniWeesbe,r )p,p 2. 1-25ps,i colopgpi.2c 7-a2,8c u,l turolpo.g ica, 176,po litolopgpi.c1 a27,-7 13e, p sicologicop-ps.1oc 18i ea slgeg,. , sulnleac esdsiia tpàp rofongdlsiitr ruem endtiri i cerpcpa2., 1e s gg., 186e s gg1.59,e s gg1.89,- 210; JacobsWoind di(ng18 93)su,l dliam ensiposniec olocgoinrc iaf,e ­ rimenatgols it uddiiE .H.E rikspopn1.,3 - 1,14 ,7 e4s g7 g.; PizzoirnnoS cio(l1l89a3 )su,sl i gnifciecnattraodl eel dliam ensio­ neu niversadleiisv atliocqraui a lfeo ndamento dell'identità etnica, pp.1 471-84; Rusco(n91i9 3s)u,pl rofdiellol 'idceonmtemi ittàpoo l itiecdo evenmtiot opoietpipc8.o 08,-1; GlazeeM ro yniha(n91 76)s,u lnleac esdsiipet ràf eziognlasirtru e­ mentcio noscititveiamd iiin d enteittnàip cpa2.,e s g.g; Smit(h1 991,s) ull'idneanztiiotnàoa glgei" :O fa ltih ec olleec tiv identiitnwi heisc hhu manbe ingssh arteo danya,t ioindaeln tiist y perhaptsh meo sfutn damentaanldi nclu.sN iovtoe nlyh as nationalism, thei deolomgoivcaelm enpetn,e traetveedryc orneorf t heg lobteh;e worlidsd ividfeidrsa,tn df oremoisntt',on ation--ssttaattceelssa' ­ mintgo be natio-nasn dn atioindaeln teivteyryw heruen deq:>itnhse recurrdernitvf eo porp ulasro vereiagnnddt eym ocracaysw, e lals thees clutsyirvaen tnhyai tts ometibmreese dOst.h etrype so fc ollec­ tivied ent-ictlya sgse,n d,er racree,l ig-imoanyo verloarcp o mbine witnha tioindaeln tbiuttty h erya resluyc ceiendu nderminiitnsg holtdh,o utghhe mya yi nflueinndc ier ectGioovne.m menatnsds ta­ temsa ym uzzltehe ex presosfin oant ioansapli ratfioaort n ism beu,t iti sl iketloby e a costalnydu ltimafrutietllye esxspe dieFnotrt. h e forctehsas tu stnaaitni oanlalle gihaanvcpeer so veadn,da rlei ketloy provset,r ontghearan n yc ountervatirleinnd(gsp. 1" 43 ). IO 2.L as pecifidceiltlà' espersiiemnbzoal ica ei lm ondod eiv alon lLa. mitopoiesi Chec os'uèn smiboloN?o nv iè nulldaim enos contadtio unar siposat aq uestdao mandaO.gn i studiosqou edsitp or o­ blemvai r isponidnfea titnim odod iversao s econdchae e gli siuan op sicoldoeglol 'eevtloàu tiov dae lp rofnodou,n l ettera­ too une spertdoi l inugitsicuan,f liosofuonf, si icmoa temati­ coo unc utlordei r etiocrau,n atnropoloo guon os tudiodsio stordieal lreel igiounnipo ,li toloignot eerssaatlol ied eoloog ie une pistemoloo gufonli, o sodfeol lsac ienOzgan.u nnoe h ai n­ fatutni' iddeiav sears,t remtetnatceo ndiozniatdaa llpar ospet­ tivdae llsau ad iscipel dianira e latpirovbil emcih et rattac,o ­ sicciht ée ntaitd iidv ilaogion tdeirscniaprleii rmreidiabilmen­ tef niiscoinnou nab ibliccoanu fsiondee lllei nugee delpe n­ sierIon.m odo patricloarpeo iq uandlo'r agomention d iscus­ sionsei ial m ondo dvealio rnie lq ualae b uond iirttroei ntar il smibolod ell'ideetnntiictaà. Iv aloirnfiat tpir,o pirop erl 'assedniuz naa t eoiras ufficien­ temenctoe ndiviinsc aa mpos cienitcioef, d ella sceogunente loor inspieglaibtisào,n coo nfinnaetlild ai mensidoengeila ffet­ ti, deemlolzei odneiis, e ntimeen rteil egpaetriq uestionq uel geneircoco ntetnoirdei p roblemmia lp ostei i nsuotlic,h ev ie­ nec haimatol 'riazriona(lTeu ol-llAita1n 992,p p.1 921-36)li,­ mitandiold iscorssuo deis sai g eneirchee s oggievtetd escri­ zinoip,i ùo menol etatriearmentseu ggeisv,te foac endonle'o g­ gettdoie mpatichmei,s tiacdhees i.o ni Inq uesto ssaigt geinotà e irnvecdei d arael s imoblou ns i­ gniifcatuonv ioceod eifnistuol blaas dei a lcusncee ltteeoi rche chiaramente esep pleircq iuteasttpeoa, r ea ssacio nevniente 11

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