Ethnobotany: A Living Science for Alleviating Human Suffering

98 Pages·2016·6.8 MB·English

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Ethnobotany: A Living
Science for Alleviating
Human Suffering
Guest Editors: Rahmatullah Qureshi, Shahina A. Ghazanfar,
Hassan Obied, Viliana Vasileva, and Mohammad A. Tariq
Ethnobotany: A Living Science for Alleviating
Human Suffering
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Ethnobotany: A Living Science for Alleviating
Human Suffering
Guest Editors: Rahmatullah Qureshi, Shahina A. Ghazanfar,
Hassan Obied, Viliana Vasileva, and Mohammad A. Tariq
Copyright©2016HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticles
distributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninany
medium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Editorial Board
M.Abdel-Tawab,Germany J.YoulCho,RepublicofKorea D.GarcíaGiménez,Spain
JonAdams,Australia K.B.Christensen,Denmark GabinoGarrido,Chile
GabrielA.Agbor,Cameroon Shuang-EnChuang,Taiwan IpekGoktepe,Qatar
U.P.Albuquerque,Brazil Y.Clement,TrinidadAndTobago MichaelGoldstein,USA
SamirLutfAleryani,USA PaoloCoghi,Italy YuewenGong,Canada
M.S.Ali-Shtayeh,Palestine MarisaColone,Italy SettimioGrimaldi,Italy
GianniAllais,Italy LisaA.Conboy,USA MarutiRamGudavalli,USA
TerjeAlraek,Norway KieranCooley,Canada AlessandraGuerrini,Italy
ShrikantAnant,USA EdwinL.Cooper,USA NarcisGusi,Spain
IsabelAndújar,Spain OliviaCorcoran,UK SveinHaavik,Norway
LetiziaAngiolella,Italy MurielCuendet,Switzerland SolomonHabtemariam,UK
MakotoArai,Japan RobertoK.N.Cuman,Brazil AbidHamid,India
HyunsuBae,RepublicofKorea VincenzoDeFeo,Italy MichaelG.Hammes,Germany
GiacintoBagetta,Italy RocíoDelaPuerta,Spain K.B.Harikumar,India
OnesmoB.Balemba,USA LauraDeMartino,Italy CoryS.Harris,Canada
WinfriedBanzer,Germany NunziatinaDeTommasi,Italy ThierryHennebelle,France
PanosBarlas,UK AlexandraDeters,Germany EleanorHolroyd,Australia
SamraBashir,Pakistan FarzadDeyhim,USA MarkusHorneber,Germany
JairoKennupBastos,Brazil ManuelaDiFranco,Italy Ching-LiangHsieh,Taiwan
ArpitaBasu,USA ClaudiaDiGiacomo,Italy BennyT.K.Huat,Singapore
SujitBasu,USA AntonellaDiSotto,Italy HelmutHugel,Australia
G.DavidBaxter,NewZealand M.-G.Dijoux-Franca,France CiaraHughes,Ireland
André-MichaelBeer,Germany LucianaDini,Italy AttilaHunyadi,Hungary
AlvinJ.Beitz,USA CaiganDu,Canada SumikoHyuga,Japan
LouiseBennett,Australia Jeng-RenDuann,USA H.StephenInjeyan,Canada
MariaCamillaBergonzi,Italy NativDudai,Israel ChieIshikawa,Japan
AnnaRitaBilia,Italy ThomasEfferth,Germany AngeloA.Izzo,Italy
YongC.Boo,RepublicofKorea AbirEl-Alfy,USA ChrisJ.Branford-White,UK
MonicaBorgatti,Italy GiuseppeEsposito,Italy SureshJadhav,India
FrancescaBorrelli,Italy KeturahR.Faurot,USA G.K.Jayaprakasha,USA
GloriaBrusotti,Italy NianpingFeng,China ZeevLKain,USA
ArndtBüssing,Germany YibinFeng,HongKong OsamuKanauchi,Japan
RainerW.Bussmann,USA P.D.Fernandes,Brazil WenyiKang,China
AndrewJ.Butler,USA J.Fernandez-Carnero,Spain Shao-HsuanKao,Taiwan
GioacchinoCalapai,Italy AntonellaFioravanti,Italy JuntraKarbwang,Japan
GiuseppeCaminiti,Italy FabioFirenzuoli,Italy KenjiKawakita,Japan
RaffaeleCapasso,Italy PeterFisher,UK TehLeyKek,Malaysia
FrancescoCardini,Italy FilippoFratini,Italy DeborahA.Kennedy,Canada
OpherCaspi,Israel BrettFroeliger,USA Cheorl-HoKim,RepublicofKorea
PierreChampy,France MariapiaFuggetta,Italy YounC.Kim,RepublicofKorea
Shun-WanChan,HongKong JoelJ.Gagnier,Canada YoshiyukiKimura,Japan
Il-MooChang,RepublicofKorea SiewHuaGan,Malaysia ToshiakiKogure,Japan
KevinChen,USA Jian-LiGao,China JianKong,USA
EvanP.Cherniack,USA MaryK.Garcia,USA TetsuyaKonishi,Japan
SalvatoreChirumbolo,Italy S.GarciadeArriba,Germany KarinKraft,Germany
OmerKucuk,USA YoshiharuMotoo,Japan TadaakiSatou,Japan
VictorKuete,Cameroon KamalD.Moudgil,USA MichaelA.Savka,USA
YiuW.Kwan,HongKong YoshikiMukudai,Japan ClaudiaScherr,Switzerland
KuangC.Lai,Taiwan FraukeMusial,Germany AndrewScholey,Australia
IlariaLampronti,Italy MinKyunNa,RepublicofKorea RolandSchoop,Switzerland
LixingLao,HongKong HajimeNakae,Japan SvenSchröder,Germany
ChristianLehmann,Canada SrinivasNammi,Australia HerbertSchwabl,Switzerland
MarcoLeonti,Italy KrishnadasNandakumar,India VeroniqueSeidel,UK
LawrenceLeung,Canada VitalyNapadow,USA SenthamilSelvan,USA
ShaharLev-ari,Israel MicheleNavarra,Italy FeliceSenatore,Italy
Chun-GuangLi,Australia IsabellaNeri,Italy HongcaiShang,China
MinLi,China PratibhaV.Nerurkar,USA KarenJ.Sherman,USA
Xiu-MinLi,USA KarenNieber,Germany RonaldSherman,USA
Bi-FongLin,Taiwan MenachemOberbaum,Israel KuniyoshiShimizu,Japan
HoLin,Taiwan MartinOffenbaecher,Germany KanShimpo,Japan
ChristopherG.Lis,USA JunetsuOgasawara,Japan YukihiroShoyama,Japan
GerhardLitscher,Austria Ki-WanOh,RepublicofKorea JudithShuval,Israel
I-MinLiu,Taiwan YoshijiOhta,Japan MorrySilberstein,Australia
YijunLiu,USA OlumayokunA.Olajide,UK K.N.S.Sirajudeen,Malaysia
VíctorLópez,Spain ThomasOstermann,Germany GraemeSmith,UK
ThomasLundeberg,Sweden SiyaramPandey,Canada Chang-GueSon,RepublicofKorea
DawnM.Bellanti,USA BhushanPatwardhan,India RachidSoulimani,France
FilippoMaggi,Italy FlorianPfab,Germany DidierStien,France
ValentinaMaggini,Italy SoniaPiacente,Italy ConStough,Australia
GailB.Mahady,USA AndreaPieroni,Italy AnnaritaStringaro,Italy
JamalMahajna,Israel RichardPietras,USA Shan-YuSu,Taiwan
JurajMajtan,Slovakia AndrewPipingas,Australia BarbaraSwanson,USA
FrancescaMancianti,Italy JoseM.Prieto,UK GiuseppeTagarelli,Italy
CarmenMannucci,Italy HaifaQiao,USA O.Taglialatela-Scafati,Italy
Arroyo-MoralesManuel,Spain WarisQidwai,Pakistan TakashiTakeda,Japan
FulvioMarzatico,Italy XianqinQu,Australia GheeT.Tan,USA
MartaMarzotto,Italy E.F.Queiroz,Switzerland HirofumiTanaka,USA
JamesH.McAuley,Australia RojaRahimi,Iran NormanTemple,Canada
KristineMcGrath,Australia KhalidRahman,UK MayankThakur,Germany
JamesS.McLay,UK CheppailRamachandran,USA MenakaC.Thounaojam,USA
LewisMehl-Madrona,USA EliaRanzato,Italy EvelinTiralongo,Australia
PeterMeiser,Germany KeRen,USA StephanieTjen-A-Looi,USA
KarinMeissner,Germany ManHeeRhee,RepublicofKorea MichałTomczyk,Poland
AlbertSMellick,Australia LuigiRicciardiello,Italy LorenToussaint,USA
A.G.Mensah-Nyagan,France DanielaRigano,Italy Yew-MinTzeng,Taiwan
AndreasMichalsen,Germany JoséL.Ríos,Spain DawnM.Upchurch,USA
OliverMicke,Germany PaoloRobertidiSarsina,Italy KonradUrech,Switzerland
RobertoMiniero,Italy MariangelaRondanelli,Italy TakuhiroUto,Japan
GiovanniMirabella,Italy OmarSaid,Israel SandyvanVuuren,SouthAfrica
FrancescaMondello,Italy AvniSali,Australia AlfredoVannacci,Italy
AlbertMoraska,USA MohdZ.Salleh,Malaysia S.Vemulpad,Australia
GiuseppeMorgia,Italy A.Sandner-Kiesling,Austria CarloVentura,Italy
MarkMoss,UK ManelSantafe,Spain GiuseppeVenturella,Italy
AristoVojdani,USA SilviaWein,Germany JunqingYang,China
Chong-ZhiWang,USA JanelleWheat,Australia LingYang,China
Shu-MingWang,USA JennyM.Wilkinson,Australia KenYasukawa,Japan
YongWang,USA D.R.Williams,RepublicofKorea AlbertS.Yeung,USA
JonathanL.Wardle,Australia ChristopherWorsnop,Australia ArmandoZarrelli,Italy
KenjiWatanabe,Japan HarukiYamada,Japan ChrisZaslawski,Australia
J.Wattanathorn,Thailand NobuoYamaguchi,Japan RuixinZhang,USA
MichaelWeber,Germany EunJ.Yang,RepublicofKorea
Contents
Ethnobotany:ALivingScienceforAlleviatingHumanSuffering
RahmatullahQureshi,ShahinaA.Ghazanfar,HassanObied, VilianaVasileva,andMohammadA.Tariq
Volume2016,ArticleID9641692,3pages
EthnobotanicalStudyofPlantsUsedintheManagementofHIV/AIDS-RelatedDiseasesinLivingstone,
SouthernProvince,Zambia
KazhilaC.Chinsembu
Volume2016,ArticleID4238625,14pages
TheStatusofEthnobotanicalKnowledgeofMedicinalPlantsandtheImpactsofResettlementin
Delanta,NorthwesternWello,NorthernEthiopia
MisganawMeragiaw,ZemedeAsfaw,andMekuriaArgaw
Volume2016,ArticleID5060247,24pages
EthnomedicalKnowledgeofPlantsUsedfortheTreatmentofTuberculosisinJohor,Malaysia
SitiFatimahSabran,MaryatiMohamed,andMohdFadzellyAbuBakar
Volume2016,ArticleID2850845,12pages
InVitroPharmacologicalActivitiesandGC-MSAnalysisofDifferentSolventExtractsofLantana
camaraLeavesCollectedfromTropicalRegionofMalaysia
MallappaKumaraSwamy,UmaRaniSinniah,andMohd.SayeedAkhtar
Volume2015,ArticleID506413,9pages
TheAntioxidantandStarchHydrolaseInhibitoryActivityofTenSpicesinanInVitroModelof
Digestion:BioaccessibilityofAnthocyaninsandCarotenoids
NilakshiJayawardena,MindaniI.Watawana,RuchiniT.Jayathilaka,andVidurangaY.Waisundara
Volume2015,ArticleID764238,9pages
TheAmelioratingEffectofMyrrhonScopolamine-InducedMemoryImpairmentsinMice
SamratBaral,Du-HyongCho,RameshPariyar,Chi-SuYoon,Bo-yoonChang,Dae-SungKim,
Hyoung-KwonCho,SungYeonKim,HyuncheolOh,Youn-ChulKim,JaehyoKim,andJungwonSeo
Volume2015,ArticleID925432,9pages
EthnomedicinalPlantsUsedbyTraditionalHealerstoTreatOralHealthProblemsinCameroon
MichaelAshuAgborandSudeshniNaidoo
Volume2015,ArticleID649832,10pages
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Volume 2016, Article ID 9641692, 3 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9641692
Editorial
Ethnobotany: A Living Science for Alleviating Human Suffering
RahmatullahQureshi,1ShahinaA.Ghazanfar,2HassanObied,3
VilianaVasileva,4andMohammadA.Tariq5
1PirMehrAliShahAridAgricultureUniversity,Rawalpindi46000,Pakistan
2RoyalBotanicGardensKew,Richmond,SurryTW93AB,UK
3SchoolofBiomedicalSciences,CharlesSturtUniversity,WaggaWagga,NSW2678,Australia
4InstituteofForageCrops,“Gen.Vl.Vazov”Street89,5800Pleven,Bulgaria
5CaliforniaDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture,Sacramento,CA95814,USA
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoRahmatullahQureshi;[email protected]
Received16June2016;Accepted16June2016
Copyright©2016RahmatullahQureshietal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution
License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly
cited.
Since time immemorial, plants served as the first source of from higher plants. The very common ones are diosgenin
medicinetotreatailments.Manlearntaboutthetherapeutic derived from Dioscorea deltoidea; reserpine from Rauwolfia
use of plants through trials and errors. This knowledge has serpentina; pilocarpine from Pilocarpus spp.; vincristine/
beenorallypassedfromgenerationtogenerationwhichled vinblastinefromCatharanthusroseus;digoxin/digitoxinfrom
tothedevelopmentofthetraditionalhealthcaresystem,prac- Digitalis species [7]; arteether (trade name Artemotil), a
ticed in various countries of the world [1]. Ethnobotanical recentantimalarialdrugisobtainedfromartemisinin-ases-
studiesdiscoverplantresourcesthatcanbeusedfortarget- quiterpenelactoneisolatedfromArtemisiaannua[8];galan-
ing novel compounds leading to the development of new tamine(also known as galanthamine,trade name Reminyl)
medicamentsfortreatingespeciallycomplicatedandminor isolatedfromGalanthusworonowii[9,10].
diseases [2]. Today, ethnobotany and ethnopharmacognosy Drugdiscoveryfromplantloreandtraditionalmedicines
arebeingusedfortargetingnewcompound.Duetobeingrich are reemerging. Ethnobotanical studies exposed various
in diversity, tropicalregionsmay play key role in providing medicinalplantsfordiscoveringmiraculousdrugswhichare
germplasmwithnewleads[1]. stillavailableinthemarket.Eventoday,variousareasofthe
Itisestimatedthat80%oftheworld’spopulationlivesin world have a unique tradition of plant lore for alleviating
developingcountriesandover80%oftheworld’spopulation humansufferingaswellastheirdomesticatedanimals.There
rely on plant-derived medicines for their primary health is a need to document such valuable information before it
care needs [3]. Based on the personal experience, people is permanently lost. Based on such data, new medicaments
knew therapeutic potential of the medicinal plants without canbepredictedthroughundergoingexperimentationwhich
rationaleoftheirefficacy.Becauseofadvancement,wehave maybeofpotentialusetotreatvariouscomplicatedhuman
a better understanding of the healing powers of plants due diseases.Theplantkingdomisanimplicitgoldmineofnew
topresenceofmultifunctionalchemicalentitiesfortreating chemicalcompoundswhicharestillwaitingtobeexplored.It
complicatedhealthconditions. isestimatedthatthereareapproximately500,000to750,000
The ethnobotany provided significant information that speciesofhigherplantsexistingonearthandlessthan10%of
led to isolation of active compounds from the recent past themareexaminedfortheirbiochemicalconstituents[11].
likemorphinefromopium,cocaine,codeine,digitoxin,and Keeping the importance of ethnobotany, an interdisci-
quinine [4–6]. It is worthwhile to mention that a dozen of plinary field of study, this special issue was dedicated to
effectivevaluabledrugsarediscoveredduringthelast40years the integration of past and present use of plants reporting
2 Evidence-BasedComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine
traditional/folkmedicinalusealongwithlatestdevelopment gastric and duodenal digestion revealing a correlation with
forvalidationofsuchinformationthroughscientificstudies. theantioxidantassaysquantifyingthewater-solubleantioxi-
Thisspecialissueisacollectionofsevenarticlesportraying dantcapacityoftheextracts.Theyconcludedthatthetested
the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutic potential. spiceshadasignificantsourceoftotalphenolics,antioxidant,
Theissueismainlydividedintotwomainthemes;thefirstone and starch hydrolase inhibitory activities. Finally, S. Baral
describes the traditional knowledge of plants and the other et al. studied in vivo ameliorating effect of myrrh (AEM)
onedescribesvalidationofsuchknowledgethroughinvitro on scopolamine-induced memory impairments using mice
assays. model. The AEM was estimated with (2E,5E)-6-hydroxy-
From ethnobotanical perspective, four articles are 2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienalasarepresentativeconstituent
selected. K. C. Chinsembu carried out an ethnobotanical through HPLC. The oral administration of AEM amelio-
study from Livingstone, Southern Province, Zambia. He rated the scopolamine-induced memory impairments and
reported94medicinalplantspecieswhichareusedtotreat increased the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the hip-
HIV/AIDS-related diseases. He stressed to confirm the pocampusofmicebrain.
antimicrobial efficacies, pharmacological parameters, cyto- We anticipate that this special issue will provide tradi-
toxicity, and active chemical ingredients of the discovered tional knowledge of plants existing in various traditional
plants. In a study carried out by M. Meragiaw et al. communitiestomanageandtreatvariousdiseasesaswellas
reportedethnobotanicalenumerationofDelanta(Ethiopia) theirscientificvalidationthroughbioassayassessment.
to examine the use of medicinal plants and impacts of
the 1984/85 resettlement program on the local people’s
Acknowledgments
knowledge on herbal medicine and its uses. They reported
133speciesbelongedto116generaand57familiesintreating We express our great gratitude to all authors for their
76humanandlivestockailments.Theiranalysisshowedthat contributionsandreviewersfortheirgreathelp.Weconvey
the resettlement program has both positive and negative oursincerethankstotheEditorialBoardofECAMfortheir
impacts on nature rehabilitation and local knowledge approvalonthistopicandcontinuoussupportinsuccessful
along with many human induced threats. S. F. Sabran et publicationofthisspecialissue.Theleadguesteditorwould
al. discovered ethnomedical knowledge of plants used for liketothanktheguesteditorsfortheirenthusiasticassistance.
the treatment of tuberculosis by the Jakun community Wehopethisspecialissuewillbringreadersausefulacademic
of Kampung Peta (Malaysia). They identified 23 plants referenceintheirresearch.
which are used by the community for the same purpose.
Dipterocarpus sublamellatus was recorded for the first time RahmatullahQureshi
as novel species to treat tuberculosis. They urged that ShahinaA.Ghazanfar
findings of this study are worth being further investigated HassanObied
forconservationstrategiesandareworthyofverifyingtheir VilianaVasileva
ethnomedical claims scientifically. A survey was conducted MohammadA.Tariq
byM.A.AgborandS.Naidootodocumentethnomedicinal
useofplantsbythetraditionalhealersintreatingoralhealth
References
problems in Cameroon. They reported 52 plants which are
being used for the management of toothache, sore throat,
[1] A.Gurib-Fakim,“Medicinalplants:traditionsofyesterdayand
mouthsores,abscess,brokentoothandjaw,toothsensitivity, drugsoftomorrow,”MolecularAspectsofMedicine,vol.27,no.
mouth thrush, dental caries, gingivitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, 1,pp.1–93,2006.
xerostomia, oral syphilis, oral cancer, TMJ pain, halitosis,
[2] R.E.Schultes,“Theplaceofethnobotanyintheethnopharma-
toothbleaching,anddentalextraction. cologicsearchforpsychotomimeticdrugs,”inEthnopharmaco-
From the bioactivity assessment point of view, four logicSearchforPsychoactiveDrugs,D.H.Efron,B.Holmstedt,
articles were selected. M. K. Swamy et al. investigated the andN.S.Kline,Eds.,PublicHealthServicePublicationno.1645,
effect of different solvents on the extraction of phytocon- pp.33–57,PublicHealthService,Washington,DC,USA,1967.
stituents of Lantana camara leaves and their antioxidant [3] WHO, WHO Monographs of Selected Medicinal Plants, vol. 1,
andantibacterialactivities.Theyreportedthatthemethanol WorldHealthOrganization,Geneva,Switzerland,1999.
solvent yielded the highest phenolic (92.8mgGAE/g) and [4] D.J.Newman,G.M.Cragg,andK.M.Snader,“Theinfluence
flavonoid(26.5mgRE/g)contentrevealingantioxidantactiv- of natural products upon drug discovery,” Natural Product
ity. Methanol extract had the highest inhibition activity Reports,vol.17,no.3,pp.215–234,2000.
against all the tested microbes. They identified major com- [5] M. S. Butler, “The role of natural product chemistry in drug
poundssuchashexadecanoicacid(5.197%),phytol(4.528%), discovery,”JournalofNaturalProducts,vol.67,no.12,pp.2141–
caryophyllene oxide (4.605%), and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic 2153,2004.
acid,methylester,(Z,Z,Z)-(3.751%)throughGC-MS.Alabo- [6] G. Samuelsson, Drugs of Natural Origin: A Textbook of Phar-
ratorystudycarriedoutbyN.Jayawardenaetal.investigated macognosy,SwedishPharmaceuticalPress,Stockholm,Sweden,
antioxidant and starch hydrolase inhibitory activities of 10 5thedition,2004.
spices through in vitro model of digestion mimicking the [7] N.F.Balandrin,A.D.Kinghorn,andN.R.Farnsworth,“Plant-
gastricandduodenalconditions.Thetotalphenoliccontents derivednaturalproductsindrugdiscoveryanddevelopment,”
inallspiceextractshadsignificantlyincreasedfollowingboth inHumanMedicinalAgentsfromPlants,A.D.Kinghornand