Ethnicity, Identity, and the Development of Nationalism in Iran Modern Intellectual and Political History of the Middle East Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Series Editor Other titles in Modern Intellectual and Political History of the Middle East Becoming Turkish: Nationalist Reforms and Cultural Negotiations in Early Republican Turkey, 1923–1945 Hale Yilmaz Class and Labor in Iran: Did the Revolution Matter? Farhad Nomani and Sohrab Behdad The Essentials of Ibādī Islam ˙ Valerie J. Hoff man Globalization and the Muslim World: Culture, Religion, and Modernity Birgit Schaebler and Leif Stenberg, eds. God and Juggernaut: Iran’s Intellectual Encounter with Modernity Farzin Vahdat A Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation in Iran, 1971–1979 Peyman Vahabzadeh International Politics of the Persian Gulf Mehran Kamrava, ed. Mirror for the Muslim Prince: Islam and the Theory of Statecraft Mehrzad Boroujerdi, ed. Pax Syriana: Elite Politics in Postwar Lebanon Rola el-Husseini Raging against the Machine: Political Opposition under Authoritarianism in Egypt Holger Albrecht Ethnicity, Identity, and the Development of Nationalism in Iran D A V I D N . Y A G H O U B I A N syr ac use un iver sit y press Copyright © 2014 by Syracuse University Press Syracuse, New York 13244-5290 All Rights Reserved First Edition 2014 14 15 16 17 18 19 6 5 4 3 2 1 ∞ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. For a listing of books published and distributed by Syracuse University Press, visit www.SyracuseUniversityPress.syr.edu. ISBN: 978-0-8156-3359-4 (cloth) 978-0-8156-5272-4 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yaghoubian, David N. (David Nejde), 1967– Ethnicity, identity, and the development of nationalism in Iran / David N. Yaghoubian. — First edition. pages cm. — (Modern intellectual and political history of the Middle East) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8156-3359-4 (cloth : alkaline paper) — ISBN 978-0-8156-5272-4 (e-book) 1. Armenians—Iran—Social conditions—20th century. 2. Armenians—Iran—Ethnic identity. 3. Armenians—Iran—Biography. 4. Armenians—Iran—Politics and government—20th century. 5. Nationalism—Iran—History—20th century. 6. Iran— Politics and government—1941–1979. 7. Iran—Ethnic relations—History—20th century. 8. Iran—History—20th century—Biography. I. Title. DS269.A75Y24 2014 305.800955—dc23 2014011756 Manufactured in the United States of America For Terry David N. Yaghoubian is associate professor of history at California State Uni- versity, San Bernardino. He is coeditor, with Edmund Burke III, of Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East, second edition (2006). Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xxi Introduction xxiii 1. Nationalism, Theory, and Social Biography 1 PART I. Experiences with Iranian Nationalism 2. Iskandar Khan Setkhanian 47 3. Hagob Hagobian 89 4. Sevak Saginian 123 5. Lucik Moradiance 169 6. Nejde Hagobian 209 PART II. Experience and Theory 7. Learning from Theory and Social Biography 263 Conclusion 281 Notes 301 Bibliography 379 Index 395
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