Ethiromyia, a new genus of holarctic dolichopodinae (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

2005·6 MB·

by  Scott E Brooks

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
107(3), 2005. pp. 489-500
ETHIROMYIA, A NEW GENUS OF HOLARCTIC DOLICHOPODINAE
(DIPTERA: DOLICHOPODIDAE)
Scott E. Brooks and Terry A. Wheeler
(SEB) Diptera Unit, Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W.
Neatby Building, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, KIA 0C6, Canada (email:
[email protected]); (TAW) Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University
(Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada (email:
[email protected])
—
Abstract. Ethiromyia Brooks, new genus, is described, and distinguished from other
M
Dolichopodinae by the following features: wing vein straight and subparallel to R4+5;
notum of thorax metallic greenish black or bluish black, with violet reflections; thoracic
pleuron with a cluster of fine hairs in front of the posterior spiracle; foretibia of males
with an elongate apicoventral seta; cercus of males whitish with black border, large,
rounded, with long, fine marginal setae; dorsal surstylus with preapical dorsal notch and
keel-like projection; female terminalia with inner medial pair of spines on tergite 10. The
genus comprises three species: Ethiromyia purpurata (Van Duzee), new combination
(eastern Nearctic); Ethiromyia violacea (Van Duzee), new combination (eastern Nearc-
tic); and Ethiromyia chalybea (Wiedemann), new combination (Europe). All species are
redescribed and a key is provided.
Key Words: Dolichopodidae, Dolichopodinae, Ethiromyia, new genus, Holarctic
Gymnoptemus Loew is a diverse (more (e.g., Curran 1933, 1934; Robinson 1964;
than 100 species) and widespread genus of Foote et al. 1965; Robinson and Vockeroth
dolichopodine flies found in the Nearctic, 1981; Pollet et al. 2004) and that classifi-
Palearctic, and Oriental regions. Dolicho- cation was supported by a phylogenetic
podid workers in the Old and New World analysis (Brooks 2005) that placed Gym-
have differed in their views ofthe taxonom- noptemus not with Hercostomus, but in-
ic rank of Gymnoptemus. Although Loew stead closely related to Dolichopus Latreille
(1857) originally assigned Gymnoptemus (including species formerly placed in Licht-
generic rank, subsequent Old World work- wardtia Enderlein), based on the synapo-
ers treated it as a synonym (Becker 1917- morphic possession ofa cluster of fine hairs
1918, Negrobov 1991) or subgenus (Pollet on the thoracic pleura in front of the pos-
1990, Wei 1997, Chandler 1998, Yang and terior spiracle.
Grootaert 1999, Yang and Saigusa 1999) of Gymnoptemus is a morphologically uni-
Hercostomus Loew. Pollet (2004) recently form genus, with the exception of an enig-
restored Gymnoptemus to generic rank and matic species group thai includes Gymnop-
transferred the Palearctic species from the temus chalyheus (Wiedemann). Gynmop-
subgenus Hercostomus (Gymnoptemus) to temus purpuratus (Van Duzee), and Gym-
Gymnoptemus. In the Nearctic, Gymnopter- noptemus violaceus (Van Duzee) (herein
nus has long been recognized as a genus referred to as the chalyheus group). In his
490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
revision of the European species ofthe sub- Materials and Methods
genus Hercostounis (Gymnoplernus), Pollet This study is based on material housed
(1990) noted several differences between
in the Canadian National Collection of In-
G. chalyheus and its European congeners, sects, Ottawa. Ontario. Canada (CNC), Ly-
but ultimately left that species in the sub- man Entomological Museum, McGill Uni-
genus Hercostomus. Recently, Pollet (2004)
versity, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec,
further noted a number of differences be- Canada (LEM), Museum fur Naturkunde
tween the chalybeus group and Gymnopter-
der Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, Berlin,
nus, based on a study of over thirty species Germany (ZMHB) and Naturhistorisches
from the Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions. Museum Wien, Wien, Austria (NMW).
In the same paper, he hypothesized a sister
Morphological terminology mainly follows
group relationship between the chalybeus
McAlpine (1981); terms for male genitalia
group and the remaining Gymnopternus
based on subparallel wing veins R4+5 and follow Cumming et al. (1995) and Sinclair
M. In contrast. Brooks (2005) considered (2000). Body length is measured from the
that character state plesiomorphic, and base of the antenna to the tip of the abdo-
found that the chalybeus group is the sister men. Wing length is measured from the hu-
meral crossvein to the wing apex. Relative
group to Dolichopus based on the posses-
lengths ofeach tarsomere are representative
sion ofa distinctive, dorsally notched dorsal
surstylar lobe ofthe male genitalia (Figs. 4, ratios expressed using the following for-
5, 9,10) and a pair of inner, medial spines mula: t,712^3/14/15, where t, is the basitarsus.
Male and female terminalia were mac-
on tergite 10 ofthe female terminalia (Figs.
7, 8). The monophyly of Gymnopternus, erated in either 10% KOH, which was heat-
ed on a hot plate for about 10 minutes, or
exclusive of the chalybeus group, is sup-
ported by the possession of elongate pro- in 85% lactic acid, heated in a microwave
oven. Each microwave heating interval
jections on the base of the ejaculatory apo-
deme and a broad, lobate postgonite comprised 30 seconds and was followed by
a 1-2 minute cooling period during which
(Brooks 2005).
Dolichopus is considered to be mono- macerated muscle tissue was removed with
phyletic based on the synapomorphic pos- a fine probe.
session of one or more strong dorsal setae Figures showing male genitalia in lateral
on the hind basitarsus, a distinctive S- view are oriented as they appear on the in-
shaped bend in wing vein M, and a T- tact specimen (rotated 180° and lateroflexed
shaped ejaculatory apodeme (Brooks 2005). to the right), with the morphologically ven-
The monophyly of the chalybeus group is tral surface up. dorsal surface down, ante-
supported by the possession of an elongate rior end facing right and posterior end fac-
apicoventral seta on the male foretibia, and ing left. Figures showing the male genitalia
the distinctive male cercus, characterizedby in ventral view are correspondingly orient-
long, fine marginal setae (Pollet 2004, ed with the anterior end facing right and
Brooks 2005). Despite the fact that both of posterior end facing left. The following ab-
these features are homoplasious within the breviations are used in the figures: apv lobe:
Dolichopodinae and have arisen in some apicoventral epandrial lobe; bv lobe: basi-
species of Dolichopus and Hercostomus, ventral epandrial lobe; bv seta: basiventral
they are part of a suite of congruent nested epandrial seta; cere: cercus; dsur: dorsal
synapomorphies that support the monophy- lobe of surstylus; ejap: ejaculatory apode-
ly of the chalybeus group. In this paper the me; epand: epandrium; hy: hypandrium;
new genus Ethiromyia is established forthe hyap: hypandrial apodeme; pgon: postgon-
chalybeus group, and its three included spe- ite; ph: phallus; S: sternite; T: tergite; vsur:
cies are redescribed. ventral lobe of surstylus. Abbreviations
—
VOLUME 107, NUMBER 3 491
used in the text include T: abdominal ter- gular to ovoid, about as long as wide; arista
gite, and S: abdominal sternite. dorsal, 2-segmented, second segment weak-
ly to strongly pubescent. Postocular setae
Ethiromyia Brooks, new genus uniseriate, lowermost seta sometimes stron-
Type species: Hercostomuspurpuratus Van ger. One pair ofpostvertical setae, subequal
Duzee 1925: 185 [Nearctic], by present to distinctly stronger than uppermost pairof
postoculars.
designation.
Thorax: Notum metallic greenish black
—
Recognition. Species ofEthiromyia can or bluish black with violet reflections. Ac-
be recognized by the following combina- rostichals biserial; 6 dorsocentrals, fifth pair
M
tion ofcharacters: wing vein straight and distinctly offset medially; postpronotum
subparallel to R4+5; notum of thorax metal- with 1 strong medioclinate seta and 2-3
lic greenish black or bluish black, with vi- weaker outer setae; 1 strong outer posthu-
olet reflections; thoracic pleuron with a meral, 1 weak inner posthumeral; 2 noto-
cluster offine hairs in front ofposterior spi- pleurals; 1 presutural; 1 sutural; 2 supra-
racle; male foretibia with an elongate api- alars; 1 postalar. Upper and lower part of
coventral seta; male cercus whitish with propleuron with fine hairs; lower part of
black border, large, rounded, with long, fine propleuron with 1 strong prothoracic seta;
marginal setae; dorsal surstylus with preap- pleural surface in front of posterior spiracle
ical dorsal notch and keel-like projection; with a cluster or row of fine hairs; metepis-
female terminalia with inner medial pair of ternum with a cluster of several fine hairs.
spines on TIO. Species of Ethiromyia lack Scutellum with 1 strong inner seta and 1
a distinct anterodorsal row of strong setae small outer seta on lateral margin, dorsum
on the foretibia (present in most Gymnop- with sparse hairs, posterior margin with
ternus), and also possess 1-3 strong poster- sparse short hairs or long dense hairs.
oventral setae on the foretibia (absent in Legs: Pulvilli normal. Foreleg: Tibia with
most Gymnopternus). In addition, species 2-4 anterodorsal setae, 2 dorsals, 1-3 pos-
of Ethiromyia lack the dorsal setae on the teroventrals, 2 apicals, 1 long, fine apicov-
hind basitarsus that are found in species of entral in male, without distinct, regular, an-
Dolichopus. terodorsal row of strong setae. Midleg: Fe-
Description. Head: Vertex not excavat- mur with 1 anterior preapical seta; tibia
ed, 1 pair of strong divergent ocellar setae, with 3-5 anterodorsals, 2 dorsals, 1-3 an-
1 pair of strong vertical setae, stronger than teroventrals, 5 apicals. Hind leg: Coxa with
postverticals. Frons about 2-2.8X wider strong lateral seta near or slightly below
than high, sides weakly convergent anteri- middle; femur with 1 anterodorsal preapical
orly. Face broad in male, sides slightly con- seta; tibia with 3-6 anterodorsals. 1 preap-
vergent below or subparallel, broader in fe- ical dorsal, 3-6 posterodorsals, 3-6 ven-
male with sides subparallel. Clypeus slight- trals, 2 apicals, apex with weak to indistinct
ly produced to strongly bulging, especially ridgelike process posterodorsally in male;
in female, lower margin straight or slightly basitarsus subequal to or slightly shorter
emarginate, ending well above lower eye than second tarsomere, without dorsal setae,
margin. Palp ovoid, with weak setae on dis- with distinct basiventral seta, male with
tal halfofouter surface and a distinct apical hooklike process posterobasally.
seta. Proboscis large and projecting or mod- Wing (Figs. 1-3): Brownish to grey.
erate in size. Antenna inserted above mid- Male costa with or without plerostigma
dle of head; scape subconical, dorsally se- near insertion of R,; R., , relatively straight
tose, with well-developed acute medioven- to weakly convex; Rj.s straight with pos-
tral process; pedicel short, with nipplelike terior curve in distal section; distal section
M
medial condyle; first flagellomere subtrian- of beyond crossvein dni-cu with barely
492 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
R,
mm
1
Figs. 1-3. Wings. 1, Ethiromyiapiirpurata, male. 2, E. purpurata, female. 3, E. violacea, male.
discemable sinuous bend before middle, large. Epandrium subtriangular in lateral
straight, or with sUght convex curve in dis- view, about 1.5-2X longer than high, fo-
tal section similar to that of R4+5, ending ramen lateral, well-separated from base of
M
near wing apex; R4+5 and subparallel; cerci; basiventral epandrial lobe weakly de-
crossvein dm-cu subequal to or shorter than veloped, basiventral epandrial seta present;
distal section of CuA,. apicoventral epandrial lobe well-developed,
Abdomen: Subconical. Tl-5 setose. subquadrate, rounded or flared apically,
Male: T6 bare; S2 unmodified; S3 unmod- with 1 lateral and 2 apical setae. Surstylus
ified oremarginate and mainly membranous 2-lobed. Ventral lobe more or less digiti-
posteromedially; S4 strongly emarginate or form, with or without dorsal hump, with
divided, membranous medially; S5 mainly weak dorsal to dorsomedial preapical pro-
to entirely membranous; S6 mainly mem- jection, apex with short, stout seta. Dorsal
branous, sclerotized along anterior margin; lobe larger than ventral lobe, with 1-2
segment 7 bare, forming well-developed strong dorsomedial setae and 1 preapical
peduncle; S8 subquadrate to subtriangular, lateral seta, dorsal surface notched preapi-
setose. Hypopygium (Figs. 4—6, 9—10) cally with distinct to weakly developed
—
VOLUME 107, NUMBER 3 493
keellike projection across notch bearing a sertion points of setae, hind tibia yellow or
short seta (Fig. 5). Postgonite with anter- brown; midtibia lacking strong ventral seta at
distal third; male with wing evenlyconvex be-
oventral portion weakly sclerotized, nearly M
tween and CuA, (Fig. 1); male cercus with
membranous and bifurcate anteriorly; pos- well-developed digitiform projections on api-
terodorsal portion vestigial (Figs. 9-10), or codorsal margin (Figs. 4, 9) 2
well-developed and digitiform (Fig. 5). 2. Palp blackish brown; antenna entirely black;
Proctiger brushes absent. Cercus (Figs. 4, forecoxa dark, forefemur usually brown dor-
sally. Male: Hind leg with long, fine posterior
9-10) large, round to ovoid, pale with dark
hairs on distal halfof femur and basal part of
margin; apical and lateral margin jagged, tibia; hind tibia with four closely spaced, flat-
sometimes with well-developed digitiform tened posterodorsal setae on basal half; wing
projections (Figs. 4, 9); lateral and/or apical with pterostigma near insertion ofR, (Fig. 1);
margin with very long, fine setae. Hypan- T2 and T3 velvety black laterally; cercus with
scythe-shaped apicoventral seta on first elon-
drium elongate and slender, troughlike, free
gatedigitiformprojection, marginalsetaeabout
laterally with membranous connection to as long as width ofcercus (Fig. 4) (eastern Ne-
epandrium basally; hypandrial arms con- arctic) purpurata (Van Duzee)
nected to hypandrium; hypandrial apodeme - Palp yellow, dark basally; antenna with scape
well-developed, with knob-like apex. and pedicel pale ventrally; forecoxa mainly
Sperm pump cylindrical; ejaculatory apo- pale, infuscated basally on outer side, forefe-
mur entirely yellow. Male: Hind leg lacking
deme rodlike; basal sclerite of sperm pump fine posterior hairs on femur and tibia; hind
well-developed, thick and heavily sclero- tibia without four flattened posterodorsal setae
tized, broadly V-shaped in dorsal view. on basal half; wing without pterostigma; T2
Phallus elongate and slender, apical portion and T3 not velvety black laterally; cercus with
with weak rounded projection (Figs. 5, 10), dsipagtiutliaftoermappriocjoevcetnitorna,lmasregtainaolnhafiirrsstdeilstoinngcattley
or finely serrate (Fig. 9). Female (Figs. 7- longer than width of cercus (Fig. 9) (Europe)
8): T6, T7, S6 and S7 undivided; T8 and chalybea (Wiedemann)
SB divided medially, tergite and sternite
fused anterolaterally. Furca narrow and Ethiromyia chalybea (Wiedemann),
weakly sclerotized or absent. TIO divided new combination
medially into hemitergites each bearing 4- (Fig. 9)
5 spines along outer margin and a single Dolichopus chalybeus Wiedemann 1817:
inner medial spine (Fig. 7), spines pointed 72.
to blunt apically. Upper lobe ofcercus with Dolichopus cinereomacuJatus Roser 1840:
short apical se—ta. 56.
Etymology. The generic name is de- Gymnopternus chalybeus (Wiedemann):
rived from the Greek etheria (hair) in ref- Loew 1857: 21; Pollet 2004: 546.
erence to the long hairs on the male cercus, Hercostomus {Gymnopternus) chalybeus
and the Greek myia (fly). The gender is (Wiedemann): Lundbeck 1912: 189;
feminine. Chandler 1998: 90.
Remarks. Ethiromyia was referred to as Hercostomus chalybeus (Wiedemann):
''New Genus A" in Brooks (2005). Becker 1917: 212; Pollet 1990: 361.
Gymnopternus cincreotnacuhuus (Roser):
Key to Species of Ethiromyia
Pollet 2004: 546.
1. iMnisde-rtiaonndphoiinntdstoibfisaeetayee;llmoiwdtwibiitahwdiatrhk1spsottrsonagt Male.—Body length = 3.6-4.4 mm,
ventral setaatdistalthird; male with wingmar- wing length = 3.8-4.6 mm. Head: Frons
gin incised between veins M and CuA, (Fig. metallic violet bronze or violet blackish,
3); male cercus with weakly developed digiti- lower and lateral margins often metallic
form projections on apicodorsal margin (Fig.
- M1i0)d-(eaanstderhninNdeatricbtiiace)wi.t.ho.utvidoalrakcesapo(tVsanatDiunz-ee) bploluliisnhosger;eefna.ceFaacbeouatnd0.c2lXypaesuswisdielvaesryh-egarde;y
494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 4-8. Ethiromyiapurpurata. 4, Male genitalia, left lateral view (external). 5, Male genitalia, leftlateral
view (internal). 6, Male genitalia, ventral view (postgonite, surstylus andcercus not shown). 7, Femalegenitalia,
dorsal view. 8, Female genitalia, left lateral view.
VOLUME NUMBER
107, 3 495
Figs. 9—10. Ethiromyia chalybea and E. violacea. 9, E. chalybea, male genitalia, left lateral view. 10, E.
violacea, male genitalia, left lateral view.
clypeus strongly bulging. Palp mainly yel- bronze with whitish pollinosity. ScuteUum
low, brownish black near base, with black black with metallic violet, green and blue
hair. Proboscis large and usually projecting. reflections, with long, dense hairs on pos-
Scape and pedicel yellow ventrally, dark terior margin. Notum and scutellum paler
brown dorsally; first flagellomere blackish black bronze in older specimens.
brown, apex weakly pointed or rounded; Legs: Forecoxa, femora, fore- and mid-
arista dark brown, strongly pubescent. Post- tibiae mainly yellow, mid- and liind coxae
ocular setae black. Ocellar tubercle with concolorous with thoracic pleuron. hind tib-
several hairs medially. Postvertical seta ia more or less brownish, darker towards
slightly stronger than upper postocular seta. apex. Foreleg: Coxa darkened basally on
Thorax: Notum metallic greenish black outer side; tibia with 1-2 strong anterodor-
or bluish black, with violet reflections. sal setae in basal part, 1-2 weaker distal
Pleuron dark metallic greenish blue and anterodorsals. 2 dorsals. 1-2 posteroven-
—
496 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
trals, distal seta often weaker or absent, 2 larger. Legs: Foretibia lacking long, fine
apicals in addition to long, line apicoven- apicoventral; posterior hairs on hind tibia
tral; basitarsus mainly yellow with brown not as strongly developed. —
apex, tarsomeres 2-5 brown, tarsomere ra- Type material examined. Syntypes: 2
tio: 4.0/1.7/1.3/1.0/1.0. Midleg: Tibia with 6. 1 9 (ZMHB, No. 2931), \ 6, 2 9
3 anterodorsal setae, 2 dorsals, 2 anterov- (NMW), GERMANY: Kiel. —
entrals, 5 apicals; basitarsus mainly yellow Other material examined. BELGIUM:
with brown apex, tarsomeres 2-5 brown, Oost-Vlaanderen: 16 c?, 20 9, Heurne, Het
tarsomere ratio: 4.0/2.0/1.5/1.1/1.0. Hind Dal Nature Reserve, white water traps,
leg: Coxa often yellow apically; femur 1997, M. Pollet & P Grootaert (LEM);
brown apicodorsally; tibia with 4-6 anter- AUSTRIA: Carinthia: 1 (?, nr Drobollach
odorsal setae, 1 preapical dorsal, 4-6 pos- am Faaker See, reedbed, 3.vii.l992, C.E.
terodorsals, 3-5 ventrals, 2 apicals, and Dyte (LEM); 1 9, same data except nr
dense, well-developed hairs posteriorly; tar- Faaker See, wood—land (LEM).
sus blackish brown, tarsomere ratio: 2.9/ Distribution. Great Britain, Ireland,
3.2/1.9/1.2/1.0. France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Den-
Wing: Brown, darker on anterior half; mark, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Austria,
pterostigma absent; margin evenly convex Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hunga-
M
between and CuAj; calypter with black ry, Romania, former Yugoslavia, Sweden,
setae; halter pale yellow. Norway, Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, and
Abdomen: Tl-5 dark bronze dorsally, European Russia (Negrobov 1991, Pollet,
metallic greenish blue laterally with whitish unpublished data).
pollinosity, with weak violet reflections; S5 Ecology. Ethiromyia chalybeo prefers
with eversible membranous sac; T6, seg- reedmarshes and humid woodlands (carrs)
ment 7 and S8 dark brown. Hypopygium with an undergrowth of sedges, where it is
(Fig. 9): Epandrium dark brown, abruptly often found in large numbers (see Pollet
narrowed in distal half, ventral margin (in- 1992, Pollet et al. 1992).
cluding basiventral and apicoventral epan-
drial lobes) pale yellow; basiventral epan- Ethiromyia purpurata (Van Duzee),
drial lobe very weakly developed; apicov- new combination
entral epandrial lobe flared apically. Sursty- (Figs. 1-2, 4-8)
lus pale yellow; ventral lobe slender, Hercostom.us purpuratus Van Duzee 1925:
without dorsal hump; dorsal lobe with 2
185.
strong, dark dorsomedial setae. Postgonite: Gymnopternus purpuratus (Van Duzee):
posterodorsal portion vestigial. Cercus Foote et al. 1965: 499; Pollet et al. 2004:
ovoid with well-developed digitiform pro-
41.
jections, first elongate digitiform projection —
with apicoventral spatulate seta, marginal Male. Body length = 4.2-5.0 mm,
setae very long. Hypandrium amber, lack- wing length = 3.7-4.3 mm. Head: Frons
ing dorsal process, tubular basally, open bronze to blackish bronze, with violet me-
along right side exposing phallus. Phallus tallic reflections, lower and lateral margins
with a pair of serrate longitudinal bands usually metallic bluish green. Face and
apically. — clypeus silvery-grey pollinose, sometimes
Female. Body length = 4.0-4.7 mm, with weak blue-green reflections; face
wing length = 4.1—4.6 mm. Similar to male about 0.3X as wide as head; clypeus strong-
except as follows: Head: Face and clypeus ly bulging. Palp blackish brown with black
broader; face about 0.3X as wide as head, hairs. Proboscis large and projecting. An-
slightly darker; clypeus weakly pollinose. tenna black; first flagellomere rounded or
bronze, especially on upper part; proboscis weakly pointed apically; arista with short
VOLUME NUMBER
107, 3 497
pubescence. Postocular setae black. Ocellar epandrial lobe subquadrate. Surstylus pale
tubercle with several hairs medially. Post- yellow; ventral lobe with dorsal hump; dor-
vertical seta stronger than upper postocular sal lobe with 1 strong, dark dorsomedial
seta. seta. Postgonite with posterodorsal portion
Thorax: Notum metallic greenish black pale, digitiform, bent ventrally. Cercus
with violet, blue and bronze reflections. round with well-developed digitiform pro-
Pleuron dark metallic greenish blue with jections, first elongate digitiform projection
whitish pollinosity. Scutellum blackish with with apicoventral scythe-shaped seta. Hy-
metallic violet, green and blue reflections; pandrium amber with dorsal process near
with fine, short hairs on posterior margin. middle, tubular basally, open along right
Legs: Coxae blackish brown with metal- side exposing phallus. Phallus with weak
lic green tinge, concolorous with thoracic rounded pr—ocess in apical portion.
pleuron; femora and tibiae mainly yellow. Female. Body length = 4.3-5.5 mm.
Foreleg: Femur usually brown dorsally; tib- wing length = 3.9-4.5 mm. Similarto male
ia with 1-3 anterodorsal setae, distal antero- except as follows: Head: Face and clypeus
dorsals sometimes weaker, 2 dorsals, 1-3 darker, broader; face about 0.35X as wide
posteroventrals, 2 apicals in addition to as head, clypeus very strongly bulging. Pro-
long, fine apicoventral; basal two-thirds of boscis slightly larger Legs: Foretibia lack-
basitarsus yellow, distal third black, tarso- ing long, fine apicoventral; hind femur and
meres 2-5 black, tarsomere ratio: 3.5/1.6/ basal part of hind tibia lacking long, fine
1.2/1.0/1.0. Midleg: Tibia with 3-5 antero- hairs posteriorly; hind tibia with three nor-
dorsal setae, 2 dorsals, 1-3 anteroventrals, mally developed posterodorsals on basal
5 apicals; basal two-thirds ofbasitarsus yel- half. Wing: Pterostigma absent. Abdomen:
low, distal third black, tarsomeres 2-5 Dark metallic green with violet, blue and
black, tarsomere ratio: 4.3/2.2/1.5/1.1/1.0. bronze reflections, T2 and T3 without lat-
Hind leg: Distal half of femur and basal eral velvety black patch, T2-4 without fine
part of tibia with long, fine hairs posteri- hairs laterally. —
orly, hairs about as long as width offemur; Type material examined. Holotype
tibia with 4-5 anterodorsal setae (distal 1- 6: CANADA: Manitoba: Stockton,
2 setae sometimes dorsal), 1 preapical dor- 29.vii.1924, N. Criddle (CNC, No. 1413).
sal, 4 close set, flattened posterodorsals on Allotype 9: same data as holo—type.
basal half, 3-6 weaker ventrals, 2 apicals, Other material examined. CANADA:
apex of tibia brown posteriorly; tarsus Ontario: I 6. Swastika, 7.vii.l987. J.R.
blackish brown, tarsomere ratio: 2.8/3.1/ Vockeroth (CNC); Quebec: 1 d. Beach-
2.0/1.2/1.0. grove (45°37'N, 76°8'W), 24.vi.1988, J.R.
Wing (Fig. 1): Evenly dark brown; ptero- Vockeroth (CNC); Lac St-Francois Natural
stigma present near insertion of R,; wing Wildlife Area: 18 d, 6 9, Marais Fraser.
M
margin evenly convex between and 45°02.37'N, 74°27.73'W, Carex meadow,
CuA,; calypter with black setae; halter pale pan trap, 03.vi-l 1 .vi. 1999, F Beaulieu
yellow. (LEM); 7 d, 3 9, same data except 26.v-
Abdomen: Tl-5 dark metallic greenish, 03.vi.l999 (LEM); 1 9, same except sweep
lateral part ofT2 and T3 velvety black with net, 28.V.1999 (LEM); 4 d, 3 9, same ex-
fine hairs, T4 also with fine hairs laterally; cept sweep net, 05.vi.l999 (LEM); 8 d. 4
T6, segment 7 and S8 dark brown. Hypo- 9, same except 1 I.vi.-19.vi.l999 (LEM); 3
pygium (Figs. 4, 5, 6): Epandrium mainly S, 5 9. same except 45°02.40'N.
dark brown, ventral margin (including bas- 74°28.03'W (LEM); 2 9. same except
iventral and apicoventral epandrial lobes) 26.v-03.vi.1999 (LEM); 3 d, 6 9. same
pale yellow, left basiventral epandrial lobe except ll.vi-19.vi.l999(LEM);5 6, 12 9.
NW
larger than right lobe (Fig. 6); apicoventral of Amenagement Therricn. close to
498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
ruisseau Therrien, 45°00.39'N. 74°30.99'W, grey to greenish bronze, with whitish pol-
Carex meadow, pan trap, ()3.vi-l l.vi.l999, linosity. Scutellum dark bronze or blackish,
F. Beaulieu (LEM); 2 d, 3 9, same except with violet, green, and blue reflections; with
ll.vi.-19.vi.l999 (LEM); I c?, same except fine, short hairs on posterior margin.
19.vi.-26.vi.l999 (LEM); 8 <5, 3 9, same Legs: Fore- and hind coxae mainly yel-
except sweep net, 05.vi.l999 (LEM); 1 d, low, brown at base on outer side, midcoxa
same except 45°00.17'N, 74°30.63'W more or less concolorous with thoracic
(LEM); 8 (?, 1 9, same except pan trap, pleuron; femora and tibiae yellow, mid- and
03.vi-ll.vi.l999 (LEM); 1 6, same except hind tibiae with dark spots at insertion
lLvi-19.vi.l999 (LEM); 2 <?, 1 9, same points of setae. Foreleg: Tibia with 2-4 an-
except 19.vi-26.vi.l999 (LEM). terodorsal setae, distal 2 anterodorsals usu-
—
Distribution. Manitoba, Michigan, ally weaker if developed, 2 dorsals, 1-3
northern Ontario and southwestern Quebec. posteroventrals, 2 apicals in addition to
—
Remarks. Beaulieu and Wheeler (2001) long, fine apicoventral; basitarsus mainly
collected large numbers of this species (as yellow with brown apex, tarsomeres 2-5
''"Gymnopternus n. sp. 1") in lakeside sedge brown, tarsomere ratio: 4.1/L7/L3/L0/1.0.
meadows in southwestern Quebec. Midleg: Femur v/ith long, fine hairs basov-
entrally, hairs slightly shorter than width of
Ethiromyia violacea (Van Duzee), femur; tibia with 3-4 anterodorsal setae, 2
new combination dorsals, 2—3 anteroventrals, 1 ventral at dis-
(Figs. 3, 10) tal third, 5 apicals; basitarsus mainly yellow
Proarchus violaceus Van Duzee 1921: 123 with brown apex, tarsomeres 2-5 brown,
Hercostomus {Proarchus) violaceus (Van tarsomere ratio: 4.0/2.0/1.5/1.1/1.0. Hind
Duzee): Leonard 1928: 782. leg: Femur with well-developed setae dor-
Hercostomus violaceus (Van Duzee): Stey- sally; tibia with 3-4 anterodorsal setae, 3—
skal 1959: 5. 4 posterodorsals, 3—4 ventrals, 1 preapical
Gymnopternus violaceus (Van Duzee): dorsal, 2 apicals; basitarsus mainly yellow
with brown apex, tarsomeres 2-5 brown,
Robinson 1964: 158; Foote et al. 1965:
500; Pollet et al. 2004: 41. tarsomere ratio: 2.6/3.2/2.0/1.3/1.0.
— Wing (Fig. 3): Grey; pterosMtigma absent;
Male. Body length = 3.6-4.6 mm, wing margin incised between and CuAj;
wing length = 3.7-4.4 mm. Head: Frons calypter with black setae; halter pale yel-
bronze to blackish, with violet and bluish low.
green metallic reflections. Face and clypeus Abdomen: Tl-5 dark metallic green with
silvery grey pollinose; face about 0.2X as greyish pollen laterally, Tl-3 metallic black
wide as head; clypeus weakly or strongly or bronze dorsomedially; T6, segment 7
bulging. Palp mainly yellow, brownbasally, dark brown; S8 brown or metallic greenish
with black hairs. Proboscis medium sized. brown. Hypopygium (Fig. 10): Epandrium
Scape and pedicel mainly yellow, brown dark brown, sometimes dark metallic green
dorsally; first flagellomere yellow basally, basally, ventral margin (including basiven-
distal portion blackish-brown, apex round- tral and apicoventral epandrial lobes) pale
ed or weakly pointed; arista blackish yellow amber; basiventral epandrial lobe
brown, strongly pubescent. Postocular setae very weakly developed; apicoventral epan-
black. Ocellar tubercle with several hairs drial lobe rounded apically. Surstylus pale
medially. Postvertical seta stronger than or yellow; ventral lobe slender, without dorsal
subequal to upper postocular seta. hump; dorsal lobe with 2 strong, dark dor-
Thorax: Notum metallic greenish black somedial setae. Postgonite: posterodorsal
to greenish bronze, with violet and bluish portion vestigial. Cercus ovoid with jagged
reflections. Pleuron dark metallic greenish margin, lacking well developed digitiform