Ethics & International Affairs: A Reader PDF
Preview Ethics & International Affairs: A Reader
Ethics & International Affairs This page intentionally left blank JoelH. Rosenthal ChristianBarry Editors Ethics & International Affairs A Reader Third Edition Published in Cooperation with Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs GeorgetownUniversityPress(cid:1)Washington,D.C. GeorgetownUniversityPress,Washington,D.C. www.press.georgetown.edu (cid:1)2009byGeorgetownUniversityPress.Allrights reserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedor utilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor mechanical,includingphotocopyingandrecording, orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Ethics&internationalaffairs:areader/JoelH. RosenthalandChristianBarry,editors.—3rded. p.cm. ‘‘CarnegieCouncilforEthicsinInternational Affairs.’’ Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-58901-272-1(paperback:alk.paper) 1.Internationalrelations—Moralandethical aspects. I.Rosenthal,JoelH.,1960– II.Barry, Christian. III.CarnegieCouncilforEthicsin InternationalAffairs. IV.Title:Ethicsand internationalaffairs. JZ1306.E87 2009 172(cid:1).4—dc22 2008042359 (cid:2)(cid:2) Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepapermeetingthe requirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardfor PermanenceinPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials. 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Firstprinting PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xv PARTONE CONFLICTANDRECONCILIATION 1 1 InDefenseofRealism ACommentaryonJustandUnjustWars DavidC.Hendrickson 3 2 TheSlipperySlopetoPreventiveWar NetaC.Crawford 37 3 ReckoningwithPastWrongs ANormativeFramework DavidA.Crocker 45 PARTTWO GROUNDSFORINTERVENTION 65 4 HumanitarianIntervention AnOverviewoftheEthicalIssues MichaelJ.Smith 67 5 TheMoralBasisofHumanitarianIntervention TerryNardin 85 v vi Contents 6 ResponsibilitytoProtectorTrojanHorse? TheCrisisinDarfurand HumanitarianInterventionafterIraq AlexJ.Bellamy 103 7 EcologicalIntervention ProspectsandLimits RobynEckersley 131 PARTTHREE GOVERNANCE,LAW,ANDMEMBERSHIP 153 8 TheLegitimacyofGlobalGovernanceInstitutions AllenBuchananandRobertO.Keohane 155 9 OntheAllegedConflictbetween DemocracyandInternationalLaw SeylaBenhabib 185 10 ‘‘SavingAmina’’:GlobalJusticeforWomen andInterculturalDialogue AlisonM.Jaggar 205 11 WhoShouldGetIn? TheEthicsofImmigrationAdmissions JosephH.Carens 231 PARTFOUR GLOBALECONOMICJUSTICE 251 12 ModelsofInternationalEconomicJustice EthanB.Kapstein 253 Contents vii 13 TheInvisibleHandoftheAmericanEmpire RobertWade 269 14 AccountabilityinInternationalDevelopmentAid LeifWenar 285 15 WorldPovertyandHumanRights ThomasPogge 307 16 DoWeOwetheGlobalPoorAssistanceorRectification? ResponsetoPogge MathiasRisse 317 17 BaselinesforDeterminingHarm ReplytoRisse ThomasPogge 329 Contributors 335 Index 339 This page intentionally left blank Preface Ethics & International Affairs—the quarterly journal of the Carnegie Coun- cil—is now inits third decade. The inaugural issue appeared in1987, when the ideaofaworldwithouttheSovietUnionwasnotyetseriouslyconsidered,and ethics andpublic policyat theinternational levelwere debatedwithin thecon- fines of controlling ideas, such as ‘‘containment’’ and ‘‘moral equivalence.’’ More than twenty years later we still find value in realist frameworks, yet we alsowelcomethegrowthofa new,lessencumberedliteratureaddressingissues ofglobalscopeandconcern. Contributors to Ethics & International Affairs draw on applied ethics and international normative theory to address moral problems in world politics. Whether theproblem bewell known or overlooked, long-standingor immedi- ate, local or truly international, our authors apply moral reasoning—informed by facts and shaped by the structures of philosophical and social scientific inquiry—to deepen understanding and push toward some resolution. In this way,our approachisnormative;thatis,itprescribesandexplainsexpectedand required behavior in accordance with ethical systems and intuitions. Yet it is alsoempiricalinthatitplacespolicychoiceswithinhistoricalandpoliticalcon- texts.Overtheyearswehavewitnessedanincreaseinthenumberandrangeof authors writing about world politics who combine normative and empirical work.1However,totheextentthatthisincreasehasbeenaconsequenceofnew global dilemmas and worrisome trends, we may view it less as an occasion to indulgeincelebration,andratherascauseforaredoublingofrigorandcreativ- ityinthefieldofinternationalethics. But what is this ‘‘field’’ of international ethics? Who, in particular, are we referring to?With its methods and problemsintersecting witha rangeof other fields and disciplines, as well as implicating several levels of analysis—from individuals to global society—international ethics is not a field that can be clearlydelimited,orevenidentifiedwithasingleuniversitydepartment(asifit were confined to universities at all). At its theoretical core, international ethics can be said to overlap with that aspect of the international relations field that engages realism and its critics, as well as with discussions of cosmopolitanism anditscriticsarisingamongmoralandpoliticalphilosophers. Ofcourse,thisisamoldthatwillbequicklybroken,evenbythechaptersin thisvolume,whichhavebeenpennedalsobyeconomistsandhistorians.2How- ever,evenfocusingonlyontheinternationalethicaldebateswithinandbetween ix
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