Ethics in America : source reader PDF
Preview Ethics in America : source reader
EDITED BY LISA H. NEWTON ^Annenberg/CPB Project P roduced by C olum bia U niversity Sem inars on M edia and Society E A thics in merica i E A thics in merica S R ource eader Second Edition / Edited by Lisa H. Newton, Ph.D. Fairfield University A College Television Course and Prime Time Television Series Produced by Columbia University Seminars on Media and Society An Annenberg/CPB Project A An nen berg /CPB Major funding provided by the Annenberg/CPB Project with additional support by EQUICOR-Equitable/HCA Corporation PEARSON Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ethics in America: source reader/[edited by] Lisa H. Newton.— 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.). ISBN 0-13-182625-5 1. Ethics. 1. Newton, Lisa H. (date) BJ1025.E85 2003 170—dc21 2002193132 Editorial Director: Charlyce Jones Owen AVP, Director of Production and Marketing: Barbara Kittle Senior Acquisitions Editor: Ross Miller Assistant Editor: Wendy Yurash Production Editor: Jan H. Schwartz Manufacturing Manager: Mary Ann Gloriande Manufacturing Buyer: Brian Mackey Marketing Manager: Clair Bitting Cover Design: Jayne Conte © 1989,2004 by Corporation for Public Broadcasting and Columbia University Seminars on Media and Society. PEARSON Published by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 ISBN D-13-lfiabES-S Pearson Education Ltd., London Pearson Education Australia Pty. Ltd., Sydney Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd. Pearson Education North Asia Ltd., Hong Kong Pearson Education Canada, Inc., Toronto Pearson Educacidn de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Pearson Education—Japan, Tokyo Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd., New Jersey Table of Contents Preface vii Introduction ix The Greek Tradition 1 Thucydides (Died ca. 401 B.c.) 1 Plato (427 B.C.-347 B.c.) 4 ■ Aristotle (384-322 B.c.) 30 Religious Traditions 46 The Bible 46 Islam 65 Buddhism 71 Confucianism 76 Native Americans 81 The Moral Law 87 The Stoics 87 Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) 90 Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) 96 John Locke (1632-1704) 101 Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) 110 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) 119 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) 122 A Note on Fiduciary Duty 131 Josiah Royce (1855-1916) 132 vl Contents John Rawls (1921-2002) 137 Martin Luther King, Jr. (1939-1968) 142 Utilitarianism 145 Epicurus 145 Hedonists Ancient and Modern 146 Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) 147 Adam Smith (1723-1790) 153 John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) 160 Conclusion, of a Sort 177 The Belmont Report 178 Doubts and Experiments 188 Fyodor Mikhailovic Dostoevsky (1821-1881) Marxism 199 Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) 208 Feminist Ethics 216 Environmentalism 222 Epilogue 231 Suggestions for Further Reading 234 Acknowledgments 235 Preface The volume in your hands is greatly expanded from the first edition, published in 1989. The expansion was undertaken on request by many who have used the book in their courses, and the reason was something of a surprise to me. It seems that this text is occasionally used, not just for a companion vol ume for the telecourse Ethics in America, but also on its own, as the text for an introductory level histo ry of ethics course. But for that purpose, the selections were incomplete. In the first edition I included only those works which were appealed to, explicitly or implicitly, by the panelists on the various discussions, and that means only works in the Western tradition. Further, only those works were included that had suggestions to make about how to solve ethical problems, to help students follow the actual reasoning of the panelists. Where the panelists’ reasoning appealed (usually silently) to an ethical tradition, that tradition was included in the selections and the selections referenced in the Study Guide, the other companion volume. Only works so referenced were included in the Source Reader. Now, that is one very exclusive principle of selection. Omitted were all religious traditions but our own, all Eastern thought of any kind, the entire nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature of doubt and ethical restructuring, and the contemporary movements of feminism, environmentalism, and other forms of multiculturalism (all movements that change the center of ethical consideration). If the text is to be used for a complete course in ethics, surely some selections must at least entertain the possibility of taking these literatures into account. Accordingly, the second edition has expanded, to include selections from Islamic, Buddhist, and Confucian thought (attempts to put the Bhagavad Gita in some form that preserved the poetry were unsuccessful, so Hinduism is not included); also existentialism, feminism, and environmentalism. (A new selection on Fiduciary Duty, taken from the law, has also been added as a complement to the se lection from Royce.) All the disclaimers that applied to the first edition still apply: you will get only a taste of these rich and fascinating authors, literature, and movements, the editor makes no claims to ex pertise on any of these authors in particular and certainly no claims to expertise on them all; you will be frustrated by the minimal selections provided; the only way you can relieve that frustration is by going in each case back to the original source. Go to it.
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