Ethics for the Information Age

550 Pages·2012·7.645 MB·English

by  Mike Quinn

E
thics
FOR THE
I N F O R M AT I O N
A G E
FIFTH EDITION
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E
thics
FOR THE
I N F O R M AT I O N
A G E
FIFTH EDITION
Michael J. Quinn
Seattle University
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Quinn,MichaelJ.(MichaelJay)
Ethicsfortheinformationage/MichaelJ.Quinn.—5thed.
p. cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN978-0-13-285553-2—ISBN0-13-285553-4
1.Electronicdataprocessing—Moralandethicalaspects.
2.Computersandcivilization. I.Title.
QA76.9.M65Q562013
(cid:2)
303.4834—dc23 2011049442
16 15 14 13 12—RRD—10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN10:0-13-285553-4
ISBN13:978-0-13-285553-2
EX14.3
Brief Contents
Preface xix
1 Catalysts for Change 1
An Interview with Dalton Conley 49
2 Introduction to Ethics 51
An Interview with James Moor 105
3 Networked Communications 109
An Interview with Michael Liebhold 159
4 Intellectual Property 161
An Interview with June Besek 223
5 Information Privacy 227
An Interview with Michael Zimmer 263
6 Privacy and the Government 267
An Interview with Jerry Berman 311
7 Computer and Network Security 315
An Interview with Matt Bishop 351
8 Computer Reliability 355
An Interview with Avi Rubin 401
9 Professional Ethics 403
An Interview with Paul Axtell 443
10 Work and Wealth 447
An Interview with Martin Ford 487
Appendix A: Plagiarism 491
Index 495
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Contents
Prefacexix
1 CatalystsforChange 1
1.1Introduction 2
1.2MilestonesinComputing 5
1.2.1AidstoManualCalculating5
1.2.2MechanicalCalculators6
1.2.3CashRegister8
1.2.4PunchedCardTabulation9
1.2.5PrecursorsofCommercialComputers12
1.2.6FirstCommercialComputers13
1.2.7ProgrammingLanguagesandTime-Sharing15
1.2.8TransistorandIntegratedCircuit16
1.2.9IBMSystem/36018
1.2.10Microprocessor19
1.2.11PersonalComputer19
1.3MilestonesinNetworking 22
1.3.1ElectricityandElectromagnetism23
1.3.2Telegraph23
1.3.3Telephone25
1.3.4TypewriterandTeletype26
1.3.5Radio26
1.3.6Television27
1.3.7RemoteComputing29
1.3.8ARPANET29
1.3.9Email30
1.3.10In ternet30
1.3.11NSFNET32
1.3.12Broadband32
viii Contents
1.4 MilestonesinInformationStorageandRetrieval 32
1.4.1 Codex 32
1.4.2 Gutenberg’sPrintingPress 33
1.4.3 Newspapers 33
1.4.4 Hypertext 34
1.4.5 GraphicalUserInterface 34
1.4.6 Single-ComputerHypertextSystems 36
1.4.7 NetworkedHypertext:WorldWideWeb 36
1.4.8 SearchEngines 38
1.5 InformationTechnologyIssues 38
Summary 40
ReviewQuestions 42
DiscussionQuestions 43
In-ClassExercises 44
FurtherReading 45
References 46
An Interview with Dalton Conley 49
2 Introduction to Ethics 51
2.1 Introduction 51
2.1.1 DefiningTerms 52
2.1.2 FourScenarios 54
2.1.3 OverviewofEthicalTheories 57
2.2 SubjectiveRelativism 58
2.2.1 TheCaseforSubjectiveRelativism 58
2.2.2 TheCaseagainstSubjectiveRelativism 59
2.3 CulturalRelativism 60
2.3.1 TheCaseforCulturalRelativism 61
2.3.2 TheCaseagainstCulturalRelativism 62
2.4 DivineCommandTheory 64
2.4.1 TheCasefortheDivineCommandTheory 65
2.4.2 TheCaseagainsttheDivineCommandTheory 66
2.5 EthicalEgoism 67
2.5.1 TheCaseforEthicalEgoism 68
2.5.2 TheCaseagainstEthicalEgoism 68
2.6 Kantianism 70
2.6.1 GoodWillandtheCategoricalImperative 70
2.6.2 EvaluatingaScenarioUsingKantianism 72
Contents ix
2.6.3 TheCaseforKantianism 73
2.6.4 TheCaseagainstKantianism 74
2.7 ActUtilitarianism 75
2.7.1 PrincipleofUtility 75
2.7.2 EvaluatingaScenarioUsingActUtilitarianism 76
2.7.3 TheCaseforActUtilitarianism 78
2.7.4 TheCaseagainstActUtilitarianism 78
2.8 RuleUtilitarianism 80
2.8.1 BasisofRuleUtilitarianism 80
2.8.2 EvaluatingaScenarioUsingRuleUtilitarianism 81
2.8.3 TheCaseforRuleUtilitarianism 82
2.8.4 TheCaseagainstUtilitarianisminGeneral 83
2.9 SocialContractTheory 84
2.9.1 TheSocialContract 84
2.9.2 Rawls’sTheoryofJustice 86
2.9.3 EvaluatingaScenarioUsingSocialContractTheory 88
2.9.4 TheCaseforSocialContractTheory 89
2.9.5 TheCaseagainstSocialContractTheory 90
2.10 ComparingWorkableEthicalTheories 91
2.11 MoralityofBreakingtheLaw 93
2.11.1 SocialContractTheoryPerspective 93
2.11.2 KantianPerspective 93
2.11.3 RuleUtilitarianPerspective 94
2.11.4 ActUtilitarianPerspective 95
2.11.5 Conclusion 95
Summary 95
ReviewQuestions 98
DiscussionQuestions 99
In-ClassExercises 100
FurtherReading 101
References 102
An Interview with James Moor 105
3 Networked Communications 109
3.1 Introduction 109
3.2 EmailandSpam 111
3.2.1 HowEmailWorks 111
3.2.2 TheSpamEpidemic 111