Ethics for the Information Age

551 Pages·2014·8.604 MB·English

by  Michael J. Quinn

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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Quinn,MichaelJ.
Ethicsfortheinformationage/MichaelJ.Quinn,SeattleUniversity.—Sixthedition.
pages cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-13-374162-9(alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-13-374162-1(alk.paper)
1.Electronicdataprocessing—Moralandethicalaspects. 2.Computersandcivilization.
I.Title.
QA76.9.M65Q56 2014
(cid:2)
303.4834—dc23 2013049611
18 17 16 15 14—RRD—10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN10:0-13-374162-1
ISBN13:978-0-13-374162-9
Brief Contents
Preface xxi
1 Catalysts for Change 1
An Interview with Dalton Conley 47
2 Introduction to Ethics 49
An Interview with James Moor 105
3 Networked Communications 109
An Interview with Michael Liebhold 159
4 Intellectual Property 161
An Interview with June Besek 223
5 Information Privacy 227
An Interview with Michael Zimmer 265
6 Privacy and the Government 269
An Interview with Jerry Berman 315
7 Computer and Network Security 319
An Interview with Matt Bishop 357
8 Computer Reliability 361
An Interview with Avi Rubin 405
9 Professional Ethics 407
An Interview with Paul Axtell 447
10 Work and Wealth 451
An Interview with Martin Ford 491
Appendix A: Plagiarism 495
Index 499
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Contents
Preface xxi
1 Catalysts for Change 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 MilestonesinComputing 5
1.2.1 AidstoManualCalculating 5
1.2.2 MechanicalCalculators 6
1.2.3 CashRegister 8
1.2.4 Punched-CardTabulation 9
1.2.5 PrecursorsofCommercialComputers 11
1.2.6 FirstCommercialComputers 13
1.2.7 ProgrammingLanguagesandTime-Sharing 14
1.2.8 TransistorandIntegratedCircuit 15
1.2.9 IBMSystem/360 17
1.2.10 Microprocessor 17
1.2.11 PersonalComputer 18
1.3 MilestonesinNetworking 21
1.3.1 ElectricityandElectromagnetism 21
1.3.2 Telegraph 23
1.3.3 Telephone 24
1.3.4 TypewriterandTeletype 25
1.3.5 Radio 25
1.3.6 Television 26
1.3.7 RemoteComputing 28
1.3.8 ARPANET 28
1.3.9 Email 29
1.3.10 Internet 29
1.3.11 NSFNET 31
1.3.12 Broadband 31
1.3.13 WirelessNetworks 31
viii Contents
1.4 MilestonesinInformationStorageandRetrieval 32
1.4.1 GreekAlphabet 32
1.4.2 CodexandPaper 32
1.4.3 Gutenberg’sPrintingPress 33
1.4.4 Newspapers 33
1.4.5 Hypertext 33
1.4.6 GraphicalUserInterface 34
1.4.7 Single-ComputerHypertextSystems 36
1.4.8 NetworkedHypertext:WorldWideWeb 36
1.4.9 SearchEngines 37
1.5 InformationTechnologyIssues 38
Summary 39
ReviewQuestions 41
DiscussionQuestions 42
In-ClassExercises 43
FurtherReadingandViewing 44
References 44
An Interview with Dalton Conley 47
2 Introduction to Ethics 49
2.1 Introduction 49
2.1.1 DefiningTerms 50
2.1.2 FourScenarios 52
2.1.3 OverviewofEthicalTheories 55
2.2 SubjectiveRelativism 56
2.2.1 TheCaseforSubjectiveRelativism 56
2.2.2 TheCaseagainstSubjectiveRelativism 57
2.3 CulturalRelativism 58
2.3.1 TheCaseforCulturalRelativism 59
2.3.2 TheCaseagainstCulturalRelativism 60
2.4 DivineCommandTheory 62
2.4.1 TheCasefortheDivineCommandTheory 62
2.4.2 TheCaseagainsttheDivineCommandTheory 63
2.5 EthicalEgoism 65
2.5.1 TheCaseforEthicalEgoism 65
2.5.2 TheCaseagainstEthicalEgoism 66
2.6 Kantianism 67
2.6.1 GoodWillandtheCategoricalImperative 68
2.6.2 EvaluatingaScenarioUsingKantianism 70
Contents ix
2.6.3 TheCaseforKantianism 71
2.6.4 TheCaseagainstKantianism 71
2.7 ActUtilitarianism 72
2.7.1 PrincipleofUtility 73
2.7.2 EvaluatingaScenarioUsingActUtilitarianism 74
2.7.3 TheCaseforActUtilitarianism 75
2.7.4 TheCaseagainstActUtilitarianism 76
2.8 RuleUtilitarianism 78
2.8.1 BasisofRuleUtilitarianism 78
2.8.2 EvaluatingaScenarioUsingRuleUtilitarianism 78
2.8.3 TheCaseforRuleUtilitarianism 79
2.8.4 TheCaseagainstUtilitarianisminGeneral 80
2.9 SocialContractTheory 81
2.9.1 TheSocialContract 81
2.9.2 Rawls’sTheoryofJustice 83
2.9.3 EvaluatingaScenarioUsingSocialContractTheory 85
2.9.4 TheCaseforSocialContractTheory 86
2.9.5 TheCaseagainstSocialContractTheory 87
2.10 VirtueEthics 89
2.10.1 VirtuesandVices 89
2.10.2 MakingaDecisionUsingVirtueEthics 91
2.10.3 TheCaseforVirtueEthics 92
2.10.4 TheCaseagainstVirtueEthics 93
2.11 ComparingWorkableEthicalTheories 94
2.12 MoralityofBreakingtheLaw 96
2.12.1 SocialContractTheoryPerspective 96
2.12.2 KantianPerspective 96
2.12.3 RuleUtilitarianPerspective 97
2.12.4 ActUtilitarianPerspective 97
2.12.5 Conclusion 98
Summary 98
ReviewQuestions 99
DiscussionQuestions 101
In-ClassExercises 102
FurtherReadingandViewing 103
References 103
An Interview with James Moor 105