Ethics for graduate researchers: a cross-disciplinary approach PDF
Preview Ethics for graduate researchers: a cross-disciplinary approach
Ethics for Graduate Researchers Ethics for Graduate Researchers A Cross-disciplinary Approach Edited by Cathriona Russell University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Linda Hogan University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Maureen Junker-Kenny University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland AMSTERDAM(cid:1)BOSTON(cid:1)HEIDELBERG(cid:1)LONDON(cid:1)NEWYORK(cid:1)OXFORD PARIS(cid:1)SANDIEGO(cid:1)SANFRANCISCO(cid:1)SINGAPORE(cid:1)SYDNEY(cid:1)TOKYO Elsevier 32JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA Firstedition2013 Copyright©2013ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic ormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformation aboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementwithorganizationssuchasthe CopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite: www.elsevier.com/permissions Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperience broadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatment maybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingand usinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformation ormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesfor whomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assume anyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability, negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideas containedinthematerialherein. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-416049-1 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteatstore.elsevier.com ThisbookhasbeenmanufacturedusingPrintOnDemandtechnology.Eachcopyisproducedtoorder andislimitedtoblackink.Theonlineversionofthisbookwillshowcolorfigureswhereappropriate. About the authors Amy Daughton is Tutor in theology and the Director of studies at the Margaret Beaufort Institute of Theology at Cambridge. She primarily teaches systematics, but co-teaches public theology and is Module Leader for the core course of Narrative and Identity on the Masters in Christian Theology. She gained her PhD in theological ethics from Trinity College Dublin. While at TCD, she supported and co-taught several years of a National fourth level Generic Skills Module for graduateresearchers inethics.Shebuilton thisby developinganew seminarseries for arts, humanities and social science post-graduates through her Postgraduate FellowshipwithTrinityLongRoomHub.Thesemodulesfocusedonsharedthemes across disciplines and used inter-disciplinary discussions between post-graduates to enable them to identify ethical concerns. Her current research involves the publica- tion of her work on the ethics of inter-cultural hermeneutics. Website: http://www. margaretbeaufort.cam.ac.uk/about-us/staff/dr-amy-daughton/ GladysGaniel is AssistantProfessor inconflict resolutionand reconciliation at the Irish School of Ecumenics (Belfast campus). She serves on the editorial board of the Africa Peace and Conflict Network and has been a Visiting Scholar at the uni- versities of Cape Town and Zimbabwe. Her primary research interests are religion andconflict,NorthernIrelandpolitics,evangelicalism,congregationalstudies,qual- itative research methods, and religion and transition in South Africa and Zimbabwe. She is an investigator on the 3-year IRCHSS funded research project Visioning 21st Century Ecumenism. Previously funded research projects include Religion, Reconstruction and Reconciliation in Zimbabwe (the Association for the Sociology of Religion Fichter Grant) and her doctoral research on Evangelicalism and Conflict in Northern Ireland (Royal Irish Academy). She received her BA in political science from Providence College, USA in 1999, and an MA (2001) and PhD (2005) in politics from University College Dublin. Website: http://www.gla- dysganiel.com/my-cv/ Frank Gannon is the Director of The Queensland Institute of Medical Research in Brisbane, Australia since January 2011, and was formerly Director General of Science Foundation Ireland from 2007. Professor Gannon was Executive Director of the European Molecular Biology Organisation and Senior Scientist at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, based in Heidelberg, Germany (1994(cid:1)2007). He was also during this time director of the National Diagnostic Centre(1981(cid:1)2007)andProfessorattheDepartmentofMicrobiologyatUniversity College Galway, Ireland. He has served on arange of high-level scientific advisory xii Abouttheauthors boards at institutes throughout the world and was co-founder of the European Life SciencesForumandtheInitiativeforScienceEurope(ISE).TheISEplayedasignif- icantroleintheestablishmentoftheEuropeanResearchCouncil.Hismajorresearch interest is the regulation of gene expression by the estrogen receptor, in particular related to its role in breast cancer and osteoporosis. He has published over 200 research articles. He holds a BSc from NUI Galway, a PhD from the University of Leicesterandwasapost-doctoralfellowattheUniversityofMadison,WI.Website: http://www.imb.uq.edu.au/index.html?page512244. Sigrid Graumann is Professor for Ethics at the University of Applied Sciences in Bochum, Germany. She studied biology and philosophy at the University of Tu¨bingen and received her PhD in human genetics there in 2000 and a second PhD in philosophy from the University of Utrecht in 2009. From 1994 to 2002, she was Researcher at the Interfaculty Centre for Ethics in the Sciences and Humanities at the University of Tu¨bingen. From 2002 to 2008, she was Senior Researcher at the Institute Mensch, Ethik, Wissenschaft, Berlin, which was founded by nine disabil- ity organizations, and taught ethics at the Medical School of the Charite´, Berlin. From 2009 to 2011, she was Senior Researcher at the Institute of Social Sciences, University of Oldenburg. Her research interests are in biomedical ethics, human rights and disability. She is a member of the Central Ethics Commission of the German Medical Association, a board member of the Academy of Ethics in Medicine (Germany), a member in the Commission for Genetic Diagnosis of the German Government and a member of the Expert Commission on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Family and Bioethics of the Federal Ministry of Social Affairs (since 2011). She has edited and co-edited books and published articles on bioethics, disability and human rights. Website: http://www.efh-bochum.de/ homepages/graumann/. HilleHakerholdstheRichardA.McCormickChairofEthicsatLoyolaUniversity, Chicago, having been Professor of Moral Theology and Social Ethics at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University,Frankfurt, Germany.Shereceived degrees incatholic theology, German literature and philosophy (1989(cid:1)1991) from the University of Tu¨bingen where she completed her PhDin 1997 andher Habilitation in theological ethics in2001.At Tu¨bingen’sInterfaculty Centre for Ethics inthe Sciences andthe Humanities, she also served as Scientific Coordinator of the European Network for Bioethical Research. From 2003 to 2005, she was Associate Professor of Christian ethics at Harvard Divinity School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. She has served on the board of several international journals. Her research areas in which she has published three monographs include fundamental ethics, narrative ethics, biomedical ethics, and political and social ethics. She is a member of the European Group on Ethics in the Sciences and New Technologies at the European Commission.Website:http://www.luc.edu/theology/facultystaff/haker.shtml. Linda Hogan is Vice-Provost and Chief Academic Officer at Trinity College Dublin, where she also holds the Chair in Ecumenics. Previously, she held the post Abouttheauthors xiii of Lecturer in gender, ethics and religion in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Leeds. She is a theological ethicist with research and teaching interests in the field of social and political ethics. She has published widely on the ethics of human rights, on inter-cultural ethics, and on the ethics of gender. She has been a member of the Irish Council for Bioethics and has worked onaconsultancybasisforNGOsandothernationalandinternationalorganisations. She has also published essays and journal articles in the fields of social and politi- cal ethics, feminist theological ethics and inter-cultural ethics. She has a BA from the Pontifical University Maynooth and a PhD from Trinity College Dublin. Website:http://www.tcd.ie/vpcao/office/bio.php. Maureen Junker-Kenny is Associate Professor of Theology in the Department of Religions and Theology, Trinity College Dublin. She studied English literature, catholic theology and philosophy at the universities of Tu¨bingen, Mu¨nster, and Trinity College. In 1989, she completed a PhD on F. Schleiermacher’s Christology and theory of religion at the University of Mu¨nster and in 1996 her Habilitation on J. Habermas’s discourse ethics in Tu¨bingen where she was a Lecturer before com- ing to Trinity College Dublin in 1993. She has been a Fellow of Trinity College Dublin since 1998 and is currently Head of the School of Religions, Theology and Ecumenics(Aspirant).From1996to2008,shewasamemberoftheboardofdirec- tors of the international theological journal Concilium. Her research interests are in religion and public reason, philosophical and theological theories of action, dis- course ethics, P. Ricoeur, F. Schleiermacher, and biomedical ethics. Website: http://www.tcd.ie/Religions_Theology/staff/junker-kenny_maureen.php. AlanKellyisaProfessorandDeanofGraduateStudiesatUniversityCollegeCork (UCC), Ireland with responsibility for institutional graduate education strategy. He has been a Lecturer in UCC since 1996 and is currently Associate Professor in the SchoolofFoodandNutritionalSciences.HeisalsoDirectorofTrainingoftheFood Graduate Development Programme, funded by the Department of Agriculture and Food, in partnership with UCD and Teagasc. He has been an editor of the International Dairy Journal since 2005, and serves on several international agricul- tural and dairy research committees, including the Danish Agency for Science, TechnologyandInnovation.Heleadsanactiveresearchgrouponthechemistryand processing of milk and dairy products and has published over 150 research papers, review articles and book chapters, with recent research relating to innovative food technologies.Hehasalso,inhiscapacityasaDeanofGraduateStudies,beenatthe forefront of reform of post-graduate academic policies in Ireland. He is a graduate of Dublin City University (BSc Biotechnology, 1990) and UCC (PhD Food Technology, 1995). In 2003, he received the Award for Innovative Forms of Teaching and Learning, and in 2005 the President’s Award for Excellence in Teaching,UCC.Website:http://publish.ucc.ie/researchprofiles/D018/akelly. Dietmar Mieth, who since 2009 is longtime fellow of the Max Weber Centre for Advanced Studies at the University of Erfurt, Germany, held the Chair of xiv Abouttheauthors Theological Ethics/Social Ethics at the universities of Fribourg, Switzerland (1974(cid:1)1981) and of Tu¨bingen, Germany (1981(cid:1)2008). He was a member of the board of directors of the international theological journal Concilium, Founder and Chairman of the Centre for Ethics in the Sciences and the Humanities at the University of Tu¨bingen, a member of the European Group on Ethics in the Sciences and New Technologies at the EU-Commission in Brussels (1994(cid:1)2001), and Ethics Advisor at the Council of Europe and at the German Parliament. He received the Federal Cross of Merit of Germany in 2007. He has written 30 books in the areas of Christian mysticism, narrative ethics, social ethics and bioethics, as well as articles on gene therapy, cloning, embryo research, genetic diagnosis, predictive medicine, enhancement and doping. Website: http://www.uni- tuebingen.de/fakultaeten/katholisch-theologische fakultaet/lehrstuehle/theologische- ethik-sozialethik/emeritus.html Elizabeth Nixon is a lecturer in developmental psychology in the School of Psychology and a Senior Research Fellow at the Children’s Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin. She received a PhD in developmental psychology from TCD. Before taking up her lectureship in the School of Psychology in October 2006, she worked as a Research Fellow at the Children’s Research Centre, where she was involved in the first national study of international adoption in Ireland, funded by the Adoption Board (published in 2007). She has received funding from the Department of Children and Youth Affairs to conduct research into parenting practices and styles of discipline in Ireland (published in 2010). She was principal investigator of an Irish Research Council-funded study of parenting of newborn infants among immigrants in Ireland and she is currently a co-investigator of Growing Up in Ireland, the first national longitudinal study of children in Ireland. Her research interests include children’s agency, parenting processes and the influ- ence of family transitions on children’s development. Website: http://www.tcd.ie/ childrensresearchcentre/people/personnel/liznixon.php. Desmond O’Neill is a Professor of medical gerontology at Trinity College Dublin. He was appointed as Lecturer in geriatric medicine in the University of Bristol (1990(cid:1)1992) and as Consultant Physician in geriatric and stroke medicine since 1992. A member of both the Trinity College Institute of Neurosciences and the Trinity Consortium on Ageing, he has been Medical Director of the Alzheimer Society of Ireland (1993(cid:1)2004), Chair of the Government Working Group on Elder Abuse and subsequent policy implementation body (1999(cid:1)2010), Founder Chair of the Council on Stroke of the Irish Heart Foundation (1997(cid:1)2009), and President of the Irish Gerontological (2003(cid:1)2008) and European Union Geriatric Medicine Societies (2009(cid:1)2011). He teaches medical ethics at the under-graduate and post-graduate level. His areas of interest include biomedical ethics, ageing, memory and other cognitive processes. He has over 250 peer-reviewed publica- tions, has edited one book and three further books are in progress. He received his BA, MB, BCh, BAO and MD from TCD and is a Fellow of the American Geriatrics Society and of the Royal Colleges of Physicians in Dublin, Glasgow and Abouttheauthors xv London. In March 2010, he received the All-Ireland Inspirational Life Award for his advocacy for older people and is a regular contributor on health issues in the Irish media, including a monthly column in the Irish Times. Website: http://www. tcd.ie/Neuroscience/partners/PI%20Profiles/Desmond_ONeill2.php. Cathriona Russell is Adjunct Assistant Professor in the School of Religions and Theology at Trinity College Dublin and Director of the Masters in Ecology and Religion at All Hallows College, Dublin City University. Before her work in theol- ogy, she studied horticulture at University College Dublin and was employed in nursery management. She undertook her doctoral work at TCD with Professor Maureen Junker-Kenny and published her PhD in 2009 under the title Autonomy and Food Biotechnology in Theological Ethics. She administered and co-taught the fourth level Generic Skills Module at TCD. She currently teaches at the under- graduate and post-graduate level in environmental ethics, cosmology and anthro- pology,andinhermeneuticsatTCDandAllHallows,andpost-graduatecosmology and anthropology on the Masters in Theology for Ordinands at the Church of Ireland Theological Institute. She has taught ethics to medical students at TCD in collaboration with Professor Desmond O’Neill and has been a Tutor and Lecturer at the Dominican Priory Institute, Tallaght. She has published on food biotechnol- ogy and environmental and medical ethics and served on the Research Ethics Committee of St. James’ and Tallaght Hospitals for several years. She has been a volunteer tour guide at the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin Castle since 2000. Website:http://www.tcd.ie/Religions_Theology/staff/Cathriona%20Russell.php. Deirdre Stritch is a Project Officer with the National Qualifications Authority of Ireland (NQAI), where she plays a key role in the maintenance and enabling of the implementation of the National Framework of Qualifications and related policies and in enabling and promoting the recognition of international qualifications. Before joining the NQAI, she worked in the Policy and Planning Section of the Higher Education Authority, where she contributed to policy development and the management and delivery of projects informing the higher education agenda. Previously, she was the Researcher to the Royal Irish Academy’s policy report Advancing Humanities and Social Science Research in Ireland (2007) and lectured inGreek archaeology at TrinityCollege Dublin. Areas ofworkinwhich she is cur- rently involved include developing the qualifications recognition service of the NQAI and the establishment and co-ordination of a university sector Framework Implementation Network. She gained her BA and PhD in archaeology at Trinity College Dublin. She undertook her doctorate in archaeological heritage-manage- ment policy in Israel and the Republic of Cyprus with the Programme for Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies at Trinity College Dublin in 2006. Website:http://www.nqai.ie/about_staff.html. List of Contributors Amy Daughton Director of Studies, Margaret Beaufort Institute of Theology, Cambridge,UK Gladys Ganiel Irish School of Ecumenics (Belfast), Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Frank Gannon The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, QLD,Australia SigridGraumannUniversityofAppliedSciences,Bochum,Germany HilleHakerTheologyDepartment,LoyolaUniversityChicago,Chicago,IL,USA Maureen Junker-Kenny Department of Religions & Theology, Trinity College, Dublin,Ireland AlanL.KellyUniversityCollegeCork,Cork,Ireland Dietmar Mieth Max Weber Center for Advanced Cultural and Social Studies, UniversityofErfurt,Germany Elizabeth Nixon School of Psychology and Children’s Research Centre, Trinity College,Dublin,Ireland Desmond O’Neill Centre for Ageing, Neuroscience and the Humanities, Trinity College,Dublin,Ireland Cathriona Russell Department of Religions & Theology, Trinity College, Dublin,andAllHallowsCollege,DublinCityUniversity,Dublin,Ireland DeirdreStritchNationalQualificationsAuthorityofIreland,Ireland Introduction Linda Hogan UniversityofDublin,TrinityCollege,Dublin,Ireland There are four key fields of research ethics mapped in this book: core concepts in ethics; ethics governance in Europe and internationally; the contextualisation of ethical principles in practice; and finally, the emerging debates in research ethics and indeed in ethics research. Readers can engage with this material at different levels; the introductions to the key principles link to the podcasts of the discipline- specific lectures, and then to the texts of the complete papers. The uniqueness of the collection is that it combines an analysis of complex ethical debates about the nature of research and its governance, with case-based and discipline-specific approaches. As such, it is intended to be a relevant and accessible resource for graduatestudentsinalldisciplines. In Section 1, Linda Hogan introduces ethics as a core competency in research excellence. Ethical reflection and evaluation are central to the manner in which research programmes are articulated and developed. It is recognised that research- ers need tobeencouragedtodevelop their own skillsofethicalreflection andeval- uation, and that research training for graduates ought to incorporate skills development in this field. The teaching programme from which this collection derives drew on graduate researchers from across many fields: science and engi- neering; the health sciences, including medicine; and from the humanities and social sciences. In this way, early researchers were able to interrogate the objec- tivesandprogressoftheirspecificresearchprojects,notonlyintermsofthecontri- bution to knowledge, but most especially in relation to the ethical questions raised bytheresearchandinthecompanyofpeersfromverydifferentdisciplines. InSection2,international documents(cid:1)fromtheUnitedNations,theCouncilof Europe and the European Union (cid:1) are examined as frameworks for research. Maureen Junker-Kenny introduces this section with reflections on the role of ethics committees, on the principle of precaution and on the goal of transparency in research. InSection3,CathrionaRussellintroducesthecontextualisationofethicalprinci- plesinpractice.Intheancientworld,thiswaspartofwhatwasreferredtoas‘prac- tical wisdom’ and is an aspect of ethics that now sometimes falls under the general category of ‘applied ethics’. Ethics in this light is not first and foremost prescrip- tivebutisbettercharacterised asintegrative,inter-disciplinaryandinterpretive.
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