Ethics and the Future of Spying: Technology, National Security and Intelligence Collection PDF
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ETHICS AND THE FUTURE OF SPYING This volume examines the ethical issues generated by recent developments in intelligence collection and offers a comprehensive analysis of the key legal, moral and social questions raised. Intelligence officers, whether gatherers, analysts or some combination thereof, are operating in a sea of social, political, scientific and technological change. This book examinesthe new challenges faced bythe intelligence community as a result of these changes.Itlooksnotonlyathowgovernmentsemployspiesasatoolofstateandhow theultimateoutcomesarejudgedbytheirsocieties,butalsoatthemind-setofthespy. Insodoing,thisvolumecastsararelightonanoftenignoreddimensionofspying:the essentialroleoftruthandhowitisdefinedinanintelligencecontext.Thisbookoffers someinsightsintotheworkingsoftheintelligencecommunityandaimstoprovidethe first comprehensive and unifying analysis of the relevant moral, legal and social ques- tions, with a view toward developing policy that may influence real-world decision making.Thecontributorsanalysetheethicsofspyingacrossabroadcanvas–historical, philosophical, moral and cultural – with chapters covering interrogation and torture, intelligence’s relation to war, remote killing, cyber surveillance, responsibility and governance.In the wakeof the phenomena ofWikiLeaks and the Edward Snowden revelations,theintelligencecommunityhasenteredanunprecedentedperiodofbroad publicscrutinyandscepticism,makingthisvolumeatimelycontribution. This book will be of much interest to students of ethics, intelligence studies, security studies, foreign policy and international relations in general. Jai Galliott is Research Fellow at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. He holds a PhD in military ethics from Macquarie University, Australia, and was formerly a Naval Officer in the Royal Australian Navy. He is the author of Military Robots: Mapping the moral landscape (2015). Warren Reed is a formerintelligence officer with the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS). Trained by MI6 in London, he served for ten years in Asia and the Middle East. He is a regular commentator on intelligence matters, industrial espionage and terrorism. STUDIES IN INTELLIGENCE General Editors: Richard J. Aldrich and Christopher Andrew British Military Intelligence in the Intelligence Analysis and Palestine Campaign, 1914–1918 Assessment Yigal Sheffy Edited by David A. Charters, Stuart Farson and Glenn P. Hastedt British Military Intelligence in the Crimean War, 1854–1856 TET 1968 Stephen M. Harris Understanding the surprise Ronnie E. Ford Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II Intelligence and Imperial Defence Edited by David Alvarez British intelligence and the defence of the Indian Empire 1904–1924 Knowing Your Friends Richard J. Popplewell Intelligence inside alliances and coalitions from 1914 to Espionage the Cold War Past, present, future? Edited by Martin S. Alexander Edited by Wesley K. Wark Eternal Vigilance The Australian Security 50 years of the CIA Intelligence Organization Edited by Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones and An unofficial history Christopher Andrew Frank Cain Nothing Sacred Policing Politics Nazi espionage against the Vatican, Security intelligence and the liberal 1939–1945 democratic state David Alvarez and Revd. Robert A. Peter Gill Graham From Information to Intrigue Intelligence Investigations Studies in secret service based on the How Ultra changed history Swedish experience, 1939–1945 Ralph Bennett C. G. McKay Dieppe Revisited Intelligence Services in the A documentary investigation Information Age John P. Campbell Michael Herman More Instructions from the Centre Espionage and the Roots of the Christopher and Oleg Gordievsky Cold War The conspiratorial heritage Controlling Intelligence David McKnight Edited by Glenn P. Hastedt Swedish Signal Intelligence Spy Fiction, Spy Films, and 1900–1945 Real Intelligence C.G. McKay and Bengt Beckman Edited by Wesley K. Wark The Norwegian Intelligence Security and Intelligence in a Service 1945–1970 Changing World Olav Riste New perspectives for the 1990s Edited by A. Stuart Farson, Secret Intelligence in the David Stafford and Wesley K. Wark Twentieth Century Edited by Heike Bungert, A Don at War Jan G. Heitmann and Michael Wala Sir David Hunt K.C.M.G., O.B.E. (reprint) The CIA, the British Left and the Cold War Intelligence and Military Calling the tune? Operations Hugh Wilford Edited by Michael I. Handel Our Man in Yugoslavia Leaders and Intelligence The story of a Secret Service Edited by Michael I. Handel operative Sebastian Ritchie War, Strategy and Intelligence Michael I. Handel Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century StrategicandOperational Journeys in shadows DeceptionintheSecondWorldWar Len Scott and Peter Jackson Edited by Michael I. Handel MI6 and the Machinery of Spying Codebreaker in the Far East Philip H. J. Davies Alan Stripp Twenty-First Century Intelligence for Peace Intelligence Edited by Hesi Carmel Edited by Wesley K. Wark Intelligence and Strategy Military Intelligence and the Selected essays Arab Revolt John Robert Ferris The first modern intelligence war Polly A. Mohs The US Government, Citizen Groups and the Cold War Exploring Intelligence Archives The state–private network Enquiries into the secret state Edited by Helen Laville and Edited by R. Gerald Hughes, Hugh Wilford Peter Jackson and Len Scott Peacekeeping Intelligence US National Security, Intelligence New players, extended boundaries and Democracy Edited by David Carment and The Church Committee and Martin Rudner the War on Terror Edited by Russell A. Miller Special Operations Executive A new instrument of war Intelligence Theory Edited by Mark Seaman Key questions and debates Edited by Peter Gill, Stephen Marrin and Mussolini’s Propaganda Abroad Mark Phythian Subversion in the Mediterranean and the Middle East, 1935–1940 East German Foreign Intelligence Manuela A. Williams Myth, reality and controversy Edited by Thomas Wegener Friis, Kristie The Politics and Strategy of Macrakis and Helmut Müller-Enbergs Clandestine War Special Operations Executive, Intelligence Cooperation and the 1940–1946 War on Terror Edited by Neville Wylie Anglo-American security relations after 9/11 Britain’s Secret War against Japan, Adam D.M. Svendsen 1937–1945 Douglas Ford A History of the Egyptian Intelligence Service US Covert Operations and Cold A history of the mukhabarat, War Strategy 1910–2009 Truman, secret warfare and the CIA, Owen L. Sirrs 1945–53 Sarah-Jane Corke The South African Intelligence Services Stasi From apartheid to democracy, Shield and sword of the party 1948–2005 John C. Schmeidel Kevin A. O’Brien International Intelligence The Ethics of Intelligence Cooperation and Accountability A new framework Edited by Hans Born, Ian Leigh and Ross W. Bellaby Aidan Wills An International History of the Improving Intelligence Analysis Cuban Missile Crisis Bridging the gap between scholarship A 50-year retrospective and practice Edited by David Gioe, Len Scott and Stephen Marrin Christopher Andrew Russia and the Cult of Interrogation in War and Conflict State Security A comparative and interdisciplinary The Chekist tradition, from analysis Lenin to Putin Edited by Christopher Andrew and Julie Fedor Simona Tobia Understanding the Ethics and the Future of Spying Intelligence Cycle Technology, national security and Edited by Mark Phythian intelligence collection Edited by Jai Galliott and Warren Reed Propaganda and Intelligence in the Cold War Intelligence Governance and The NATO information service Democratisation Linda Risso A comparative analysis of the limits of reform The Future of Intelligence Peter Gill Challenges in the 21st century Isabelle Duyvesteyn, Ben de Jong and Joop van Reijn This page intentionally left blank ETHICS AND THE FUTURE OF SPYING Technology, national security and intelligence collection Edited by Jai Galliott and Warren Reed Routledge RRoouuttleleddggee RoutledgReoutledge Firstpublished2016 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2016selectionandeditorialmaterial,JaiGalliottandWarrenReed;individual chapters,thecontributors Therightoftheeditorstobeidentifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorialmaterial, andoftheauthorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeenassertedinaccordance withsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanicalorothermeans,now knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinany informationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthe publishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto infringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Ethicsandthefutureofspying:technology,nationalsecurityandintelligence collection/editedbyJaiGalliottandWarrenReed. pagescm--(Studiesinintelligence) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. 1.Intelligenceservice--Moralandethicalaspects.2.Espionage--Moraland ethicalaspects.3.Electronicsurveillance--Moralandethicalaspects.4.Electronic dataprocessing--Moralandethicalaspects.5.Spies--Professionalethics. 6.Politicalethics.7.Nationalsecurity.I.Galliott,Jai.II.Reed,Warren,1945- JF1525.I6E892016 172’.4--dc23 2015019636 ISBN:978-1-138-82036-4(hbk) ISBN:978-1-138-82039-5(pbk) ISBN:978-1-315-74391-2(ebk) TypesetinBembo byTaylor&FrancisBooks CONTENTS List of contributors xii Introduction 1 Jai Galliott and Warren Reed PARTI The moral case for spying 13 1 The virtues of Bond and vices of Bauer: an Aristotelian defence of espionage 15 Mark Jensen 2 The limits of intelligence gathering: Gianni Vattimo and the need to monitor ‘violent’ thinkers 27 Matthew Harris 3 The epistemology of intelligence ethics 39 Alexander Fati´c PARTII Interrogation, torture and terrorism 53 4 The human costs of torture 55 Matthew Beard
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