Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF
Preview Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing
Ethics & issuEs In Contemporary Nursing Fourth Edition Margaret A. Burkhardt PhD, FNP, AHN-BC Alvita K. Nathaniel PhD, FNP-BC, FAANP Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Ethics & Issues: In Contemporary Nursing, © 2014, 2008, 2002, 1998 Cengage Learning Fourth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may Margaret A. Burkhardt, Alvita K. Nathaniel be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scan- Vice President, Careers & Computing: Dave ning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage Garza and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United Publisher: Stephen Helba States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Executive Editor: Maureen Rosener For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Director, Development-Career and Computing: Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 Marah Bellegarde For permission to use material from this text or product, Product Development Manager: Juliet Steiner submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Senior Product Manager: Patricia A. Further permissions questions can be emailed to Gaworecki [email protected] Editorial Assistant: Jennifer Wheaton Library of Congress Control Number: 2013936711 Brand Manager: Wendy Mapstone Book ISBN-13: 978-1-1331-2916-5 Market Development Manager: Nancy Bradshaw Senior Production Director: Wendy Troeger Cengage Learning 200 First Stamford Place, 4th Floor Production Manager: Andrew Crouth Stamford, CT 06902 Senior Content Project Manager: Andrea USA Majot Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with Senior Art Director: Jack Pendleton office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Media Editor: William Overocker Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Cengage Learning, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Notice to the Reader Publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein or perform any independent analysis in connection with any of the product information contained herein. Publisher does not assume, and expressly disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that provided to it by the manufacturer. The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. The publisher makes no representations or war- ranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 17 16 15 14 13 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. D e d i c a t i o n To Joe and Tim iii Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. C o n t e n t s Preface xvi Acknowledgments xx contributors xxi Part i Guides for Principled Behavior 1 chapter 1 Social, Philosophical, and Other historical Forces Influencing the Development of Nursing 2 Objectives 2 Introduction 3 The Influence of Social Need 5 Spiritual, Religious, Gender, and Philosophical Influences 8 Spiritual/Religious Influences 8 Ancient Times 9 The Early Christian Era 13 The Middle Ages 14 The Renaissance and the Reformation 20 The Modern Era 22 Summary 24 Chapter Highlights 25 Discussion Questions and Activities 26 References 26 iv Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. contents v chapter 2 Ethical Theory 29 Objectives 29 Introduction 30 Ethics and Nursing 31 Philosophy 32 Morals and Ethics 35 Philosophical Basis for Ethical Theory 35 Theories of Ethics 38 Utilitarianism 40 Deontology 44 Virtue Ethics 48 Moral Particularism 51 Summary 53 Chapter Highlights 54 Discussion Questions and Activities 55 References 55 chapter 3 Ethical Principles 58 Objectives 58 Introduction 59 Respect for Persons 59 Respect for Autonomy 59 Recognizing Violations of Patient Autonomy 62 Informed Consent 64 Paternalism 65 Advocacy 67 Noncompliance 68 Beneficence 69 Nonmaleficence 71 Veracity 73 Confidentiality 76 Limits of Confidentiality 79 Justice 81 Fidelity 84 Summary 85 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. vi contents Chapter Highlights 85 Discussion Questions and Activities 86 References 88 Part ii Developing Principled Behavior 91 chapter 4 Values Clarification 92 Objectives 92 Introduction 93 What Are Values? 93 Moral Values 93 Acquiring Values 94 Self-Awareness 95 Enhancing Self-Awareness 96 Values in Professional Situations 98 Impact of Institutional Values 99 Clarifying Values with Patients 102 Summary 104 Chapter Highlights 105 Discussion Questions and Activities 105 References 106 chapter 5 Values Development 108 Objectives 108 Introduction 109 Transcultural Considerations in Values Development 109 Beliefs and Values 111 Theoretical Perspectives of Values Development 113 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development 113 Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development 114 Gilligan’s Study of the Psychological Development of Women 115 Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development 116 Some Nursing Considerations 120 Summary 122 Chapter Highlights 123 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. contents vii Discussion Questions and Activities 123 References 124 chapter 6 Ethics and Professional Nursing 126 Objectives 126 Introduction 127 Professional Status 128 Nurses as Professionals 130 Codes of Nursing Ethics 131 Themes of Nursing Ethics 134 Caring 134 Expertise 135 Autonomy 136 Accountability 139 Mechanisms of Accountability 139 Authority 143 Unity 144 Summary 145 Chapter Highlights 145 Discussion Questions and Activities 146 References 147 chapter 7 Ethical Decision Making 150 Objectives 150 Introduction 151 Problem Analysis 151 Moral Uncertainty 152 Moral/Ethical Dilemmas 152 Practical Dilemmas 154 Intervening Factors 154 Ethical Decision Making 158 Making Decisions 158 Ethical Decision-Making Model 163 Articulate the Problem 164 Gather Data and Identify Conflicting Moral Claims 165 Explore Strategies 166 Implement the Strategy 166 Evaluate Outcomes of Action 166 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. viii contents Moral Distress, Moral Outrage, and Moral Reckoning 170 Moral Distress 170 Moral Outrage 173 Moral Reckoning 174 Ways to Anticipate, Minimize, and Control Moral Reckoning 178 Summary 180 Chapter Highlights 181 Discussion Questions and Activities 181 References 182 Part iii Principled Behavior in the Professional Domain 187 chapter 8 Legal Issues 188 Objectives 188 Introduction 189 Relationship Between Ethics and the Law 189 General Legal Concepts 192 Sources of Law 193 Types of Law 194 Contemporary Legal Trends 213 Legal Trends Involving Managed Care Organizations 214 Malpractice Claims Against Nurses 215 Criminalization of Nurses’ Professional Negligence 216 Confidentiality of Electronic Communications 217 Risk Management 219 Maintaining Communication with Patients 220 Maintaining Conscientious Practice 221 Maintaining Autonomy and Empowerment 222 Liability Insurance 222 Nurses as Expert Witnesses 223 Summary 224 Chapter Highlights 225 Discussion Questions and Activities 226 References 227 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
The list of books you might like
