Ethical Issues in the Communication Process

243 Pages·1997·3.089 MB·English

by  J. Vernon Jensen

EthiIcsaslu es
int heC ommunicaPtrioocne ss
EthicIasls ues
int heC ommunicatPiroonc ess
J.V ernoJne nsen
UniverosfMi ityn nesota
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NEW YORKA ND LONDON
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withopurti worri ttpeernm isison oft hep ublsiher.
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ISBN0 -8058-20(3c5l-o:t3 h lk a.p aper). - ISBN0 -8058-2036-1
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butp oinotustt hasto mei mperfecitnit ohneos r igimnaaylb ea pparent.
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Contents
Preface ix
1
Introduction 1
2
SourcfeosrE thicGauli delines 19
3
EthicIasls uReesv olving
Arountdh eC ommunicatGoern:e rAaslp ects3 6
4
EthicIasls uReesv olving
Arountdh eC ommunicatSopre:c iAfgiecn ts 62
5
EthicIasls uReesv olvAirnogu ntdh eM essage 87
6
EthicIasls uReesv olvAirnogu ntdh eM edimu 118
vii
viii Conetnst
7
EthicIasls uReesv olvAirnogu ntdh eC ontext:
ReceivaenrdsS ituations 153
8
Conclusion 178
AppeinxdA
SomeE thiCcesn teArcsr ostsh eN ation
191
AppendBi x
Eulogfyor t heL atPer esidjeonhtnF .
KennedbyyS enatMoirk eM ansfield
201
References
203
SuggAedsiidttoenRdae la dings
211
Author Index
229
SubIjnedcetx
233
Preface
Anu psgueor fi nteirnae plspite d ieastp hpiactrdsoea ntyth roughout
acadeamnsidco ai eTthy.ee n larrgoiolnfecg o mumnicaitnai lioltn s
for(moasrl w,ri ttneonn,bv aeplri,c ita,ofl ro)rm(aitnpste erarslpo,un b­
liscep akisnmaglg,lr oourpg,a niazlia,nt ctiueolrantlmu,ar scso mumni­
cat,ia onpndu) pros(epse rvseiu,na fsoirmeantttieavrie)nd, ime nagnad s
deetpheuarns usanelist itvoi teylct ohinidsceaornaSstt.iu daenntdth se
genaeplru blloiofcko t rh ouuglahn tafelsay nsgdu idiantn hceeas ree. as
Beucsaoen lavy e yrf ebwo osik nt hcemo municfaitehilaodvbn ee en
etnirdeeltvyeot doe thIih cosp,e tbhoaotfk i ttlhhlreise sn a ele d.
EthiIcsasliu nte hsCe om mnuicaPtrioocanet stset mopd tiegssa tn d
snythetshirezee esa rwcrhti,i nagnt,dh inoknit nhsgeu ebcjwtit hout
boggidnogw rne adienmr asyn l onfgo oottneTsh.eR erfeenacneds
SuggeAsdtdeidtR ieoandaailtnt ghse oeftn hdbe o ogki rveea sda enr
idoefta h bioosk m'asn syuo rcaenspd,or viadmepa lveee nfsuo frru ther
epxlaotriDoranw.ni gf rmow oriknts h heu manaintsdico eissaic le ensc,
Ih avpeut th seco hllaylr eirtarteiu nntoon tneiccahanlfd a millaina­r
guaTgoea .v obiedi ng tiImh ea vubeso eeudxn adm,fp rloecmso ntem­
poralriyt foieu l slattrdei usscsoifoo tnh teirm pelsa,ac nepdse ,o pIl e.
havtiere tdo absoe b jteiacvned afspa oisbrsl aein edn caogurere aders
toth itnhkrg ohtu hvea riiosusfsuo terhs e emlesvsT.hb eo ookff efroso d
fotrh gohutto phu escl ocniseunsytel ivoaaltoueu erv erdyedcayi sions
incm omuntiictvarea nnssac.t io
EthiIcsasliui sen st efnodareda dvn cuenddr geraatdseuut dengtrsa­,du
atseut denatnsgd,e naelrr eadienrtse rients htsieusdb jTehcibtso. o k
offearh sep luflo vveireowfc ollaenudgn ei ivytes rutsde'nc tosmumni­
catisuotdinesas nb dr icnoghse raendndec peut ndhe rstoafenh tdciianlg
issAuletsh.oi ungthe anstd hesedo tleefx otar c ouirnss pee ceocmh­
municaettihoiEnct sh,iI csasclua esnsu pmpelnerte adiinno gtsh er
specemocmhu niccauotrisaoennisd jn u onramla insmda ssc omumnica­
ticoons uerPsr.e pesrsoionfasultd enptlsa ntnoib neogcm ee ngineers,
doctcoorusn,s beulisonsrepsspe,lo peu,b slrveiacn ltwyase,r assw, e alsl
parctipcrionifgoea nslcssaa nlo fs itnhdbeo orke alnetv.
The intyrc ohpdatufecortsc oeuorsno vecroainldslae trnisao,n tdh e
sceoncdhp atcenort aais nrvuse yo ft he rfooeroht tiscg auli doann ce
which bheuimnagncs iu oscyol orun nsccoinsosylud r,aw whemna king
deciisnci oomnumsnc iantiF.oo llocwhianpgat redere sv ottoeeh tdci al
ix
X Preface
issrueevsio nlagvr outnhcdeo mmun,it chmaeet sosgaret,h mee dium,
three ce,ai nvtdeh sreui attioanf ,i cnwhapialtt oehfs ru mamry. cEixseers
at etnhodefe acchhp ataerrde e sniefgdo crl ascssui sodonirssw riting
asnsmiegnts.
Thrgohuoaul ti feotfti emaeci hnicnlgfu fidtieyneegna o rfts e aching
cosuerisnc ommuniectahtmiiycmo san,n s yut dehnatvsce o nitbtrued
tom yi de:M auscmha tieahrlee ri san o ugtrowotfoh u srt uialmting
incthearsnI.ga emg artuelff otrh leo nags sioactwiiotcnho luleesa gin
thsep eceocmmhun icaptrieoosfonsnh i earnead b roeasdpa,el tcloihys e
int hCeom missioonnC ommuniEctahtiiintco hsnSe p eeCcomhm u­
nicaAtsisiooanct Iia olnws.ao nt toe xepsrmsyg rattiott hucedi et izens
ofM innewshooht aavb,ee esnu prptoiavngede necroonuitsbtr uostr o
myl iafnelda e nrinHgo.il Hsle mibouacnhKd at hlOe'Meanly l,sn eeior
editaonrLdsa ,rH rayyd eIV,n b ook proeddui,cot tofLir waorne nce
Erblamu Assioaectsa,no dt hoeftr hsee d iitasoaltrf hfa vbee ehnep lufl
ansdu prpvtoeiI.w isht oc momenadn tdh atnhkce o pdyietooftr h is
voluAmnenF, a rkfaoesrx, c edlelteansitcul irtendoy ft hmea uncsript
anhde luplsfu gteisofnoisrti sm opvrement.
Ia md epelgyr atferoft uhcleo tnaslnotv es uapnpdo mrytw ioffe ,
IreKnhei n wKhhohi anss,ah rendoo tn loyup re ornsfaalm liilbfyue t
alosuodr u caalr eihne irgseh deurc awtitihgo rnaa cnwedi tehx cellence.
Thiasnt dh leo ovfeo usro Dno,n aladno,du drua gh,tM earyhteaen,d
therierst piefvcaeim limeakste,h einsed arva ondo tahlwelor rsth hiwle.
1
Introduction
ETHICSLA N DSCAPE
Inv iryta ulaalrl eloafss oi cyee ttchaiils sauremesu h sroomPirneogsf.­
sinoailns htehaefl eitlghdr pa plweit he thqiucaels taibootnuarstsn ­
plnatasb,o rbtiiroctnoh,n tlriofle,- sssuytpepimonsrf,to crmoeenndst ,
humagne neptaitcispei,rnv ctaym ,a lapcrtsiucieat nshd,i gcho sotfs
insuraanndc iecng a ernaeel Er.t hiccoaenlrca nbsto o uislp inlulcsl,e ar
power atcscd,ie dfeeew nnesaproyd,ni spoofis naudlsi tawrlat sea,c id
raina,n adls ebaedps otoionssia nnged,c oilcobagall acnocrneof tnht ose
insi centceec,h yn,ao nlidon ugdsyt.Pr eoplien ptohlceia atlri edneaa l
witehhti cqaule staibooth nuosm eeslsnuenesmsp,l oywmeealnrfrtee, ­
forSmo,ic aSleu cirtfy;o repiogylnd i eccisliaeownn fsco,er mepnartc ­
ticeelse,c tiinocgno esretarsc,ai nagdle nddeicrsr iminCaenttairlo n,
InetlliAggeennc(cyCeA I)a tcitviidersu,cg rsi,im mem,i grcaotnoitlor,n
and lionabgtcb ityviiTehsel. e gparleo sfsiisao cnuc seodfu ntehical
pracltiickcheea sr egxihnogr bfeiests,iat mnutl aatnui nnhagle tlhiyt i­
giosupsi erniagtg,ii nnqg ue tsionpalb-elbaea rgapirnaiiccnteagsn ,d
adviesriitnmgp rrolTpy.he beu seisansn cdo proartweo rilcsdh laelnged
on loaftuc rtkih an d rvteisslielnuignn,sg pa rfuoecd tcsom,m iwthtiitneg
coalrcl ri,mp ersacticitnrga dbiiennisignin,gdv eoril nsvv aeidn agnsd
loasancn ldsaa,ng dii vnugn briadlgllieeadtn oct ehp er iotf tvmieoI.n
mascsom municaatnoi vowenhrse lmcionngcw eirtpnhor fpirto duces
demeaennittneagri nsmeennttsi,ao mn,ad lriasmiantsviteacit girveoepr t­
inmga,pn uilaotfpi hoongt rohaypi,na vsioofpn ir valciy,ti tnletesei trn
turtthe llsiunsgpa,el clto coafrt eisoonua rnqcduee tssi,ob nleaed iitaolr
deci.s" iNoenvisentr h heit soyro fo uprr eosfosnhi aveed itaonrds
rpeotrers beaewna ormfeto hrneee efdoe rht icbaelvho iara ntdh e
ehtciatlr eatomfsoe trn,itw"e rs oMtceM atses(r 1996p,.1 ) 7A.c ademia
ipsl uaegbdya cucstaioonfqsu e tsionraebrslceepha r ocesad,nui rneter­
esitnf ru thepresironangrls e eracrha tthheahrno nogroiontdge aching,
enaggiinneg cx evseso iutsciodnlest uipnagn,d etroci onngpt oeamrry
trenadnbsdo, w itnobg u sidnmeeasdnssI .r reisbpilodneni svailmdi us
1
2 Itnroudctoin
anudn ibdrlgerdes eedet mob e tohnie n cern,eo aotsny li nt hUen eitd
Stabtueatslo s inf romeCro mmunicsotu ntlriiRkeuess as .Ti hese
wdiesepacrdo ndihtaivsoietnmu sl aatnie ndt eei nnsttei rnee tsh,ai ncds
ani ndigcniatrniyitzd s eme nandaim nogre et hsiatcnadloa rfbhd ev ai.o r
Leigstliave cemotmhiitcitsnes a ettsae n nda tigoonvaelr nhmaevnet
beemna kisneigro uesff otroit nesca resteh siatcnaddlas Ir.nF ebryu ar
1996C ongrpeasssas nePddr esiCdleinnsgttin oentd hh esi otircs,w eep­
inCgom municDaetcieyonA nccsw� h,i icnhc lruedqeusti hrVei-c nhgi p
int eilseivsoenat nstd,h upsem ritpsa retnobt lso ocukot be cjtionable
prgormasB.u itJn u n1e99 6a,p anoeftl h rfeeeda jelur dignPeh si ladel­
phciaats iagttehdAe c atn "dd ecltahirene tdea rm needtio ufhm i sitco r
importapa rnoocufedn,ld ye mcoracthiacnf nocermol m unictahtaito n
sohulbden urtruendo,st it fl(eQdut"in ,te1 r996p,.5 6S)ti.rd eanntd
relcekrshse tmoarnifyce ,e l,h ehlatpvoece dr eaanat tem osecp ohne­r
duvceti ov iolaeclntitstk ,he ae s siansastoifto hIners aperliimm ient iesr
YtizhRaakbi iNnno vem1b99e5Ir.Jn a nyu1 a99r6ag, r ooumfpo derates
itnh Ue. HSo.u osfRee eprsnetatfiovruemlsa atb eidp arrteissoalnu tion
calfloiarnm go rcei dviicslo uirnst eh epirroe cdei,na gntsdh Ber itish
HouosfCe o mmonhsar se nctedloyn es atmhSeeo. mc eo rptoiroaannsd
evecni thiaeevs seu tpe tchapilr acbtoiacrtedosms o nitthoeert c hail
atmorseap nhtdeoi nsvteaitsgepc eifciocmi ptnlsCa.om munihtaivees
seutpa s piea"clv aelwsue ekh"o,st pahilasvc er eatecdo memtihtitcese s,
ancda dre ahlaevhrese s lpde wcoirakls hoonip nsec arseihtnigcb ahelav ­
ioirns l elpiarncgct eiPsr.o groanem tsh hiacvasep e paroentd e vliieson,
anmda gazainnndee wsps epshra avael loscpaattceoded iu ssscientgch si.
Bokosa nadr tihcalvbeees ed netv eotdod iusscsioentshi ivnoca fsor uis
preossfioannsadf, e jwuo nraalbso ut ienst pheicpcirsfeo isfocsn hisa ve
apeparientd hl eat ds ecade.
Colelm eisgosnis attemneonwit nsc launed mep hoanse itsha incds
vauleasn,cd o mmencaedmedesrnstne ositf n rqeuenytd lwleoln t he
improtaonfch eie ctcaolm mitNmeewcn otu.r isnaepp sl ieehtdi casr,e
apperaitnhgr gohuoaucta defmoiircn nasc,ti eans,h c ooolfls a mwe,d i­
cindee,n tye,i nsgteirrniebnugse,is ansn,sd oi cawlo rBkyt. h mei 1d9-90s,
90%o ft hbeu sisnhceosooslf sf ecroesuedrsi nb ussie ntehswiitchas ,
toatlo fa bto5 u0s0u cchor use(sHu amsan1,99 5D)e.p artomfe nts
phiolpohwsy,he reet hhiacvtsaer d iatlibloeynes untd iaerbdee, iansgk ed
toc recaotueri snae plspi eetdh fiocersn ginleaewrrysase,n,d d o ct.o rs
Departomfpe oniltacisslti c en,m caescso mmuniacnaodtt ihsohe nar,v e
cotnursctceodue rsis neh tirceeslv atnott h eiro fsau try.de Naesw ly
endowedi enct hhhaiaicvrbsese ecnr eastmoeed a,oni n n tiesprclndiiary