Studies in Global Justice Series Editor: Deen K. Chatterjee Helmut P. Gaisbauer Gottfried Schweiger Clemens Sedmak E ditors Ethical Issues in Poverty Alleviation Studies in Global Justice STUDIES IN GLOBAL JUSTICE VOLUME 14 Series Editor Deen K. Chatterjee, University of Utah, U.S.A. Editorial Board Elizabeth Ashford, University of St. Andrews, U.K. Gillian Brock, University of Auckland, New Zealand Thom Brooks, Durham University, U.K. Simon Caney, Oxford University, U.K. Hiram E. Chodosh, President, Claremont McKenna College, U.S.A. Jean-Marc Coicaud, Rutgers University, U.S.A. Michael Doyle, Columbia University, U.S.A. Andreas Follesdal, University of Oslo, Norway Carol Gould, Hunter College, U.S.A. Virginia Held, City University of New York, U.S.A. Alison Jaggar, University of Colorado, U.S.A. Jon Mandle, SUNY, Albany, U.S.A. Richard W. Miller, Cornell University, U.S.A. Sanjay Reddy, The New School for Social Research, U.S.A. David Rodin, University of Oxford, U.K. Joel H. Rosenthal, President, Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs Kok-Chor Tan, University of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Leif Wenar, King’s College London, U.K. Veronique Zanetti, University of Bielefeld, Germany Aims and Scope In today’s world, national borders seem irrelevant when it comes to international crime and terrorism. Likewise, human rights, poverty, inequality, democracy, development, trade, bioethics, hunger, war and peace are all issues of global rather than national justice. The fact that mass demonstrations are organized whenever the world’s governments and politicians gather to discuss such major international issues is testimony to a widespread appeal for justice around the world. Discussions of global justice are not limited to the fi elds of political philosophy and political theory. In fact, research concerning global justice quite often requires an interdisciplinary approach. It involves aspects of ethics, law, human rights, international relations, sociology, economics, public health, and ecology. Springer’s new series Studies in Global Justice up that interdisciplinary perspective. The series brings together outstanding monographs and anthologies that deal with both basic normative theorizing and its institutional applications. The volumes in the series discuss such aspects of global justice as the scope of social justice, the moral signifi cance of borders, global inequality and poverty, the justifi cation and content of human rights, the aims and methods of development, global environmental justice, global bioethics, the global institutional order and the justice of intervention and war. Volumes in this series will prove of great relevance to researchers, educators and students, as well as politicians, policy-makers and government offi cials. More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/6958 Helmut P. Gaisbauer (cid:129) Gottfried Schweiger Clemens Sedmak Editors Ethical Issues in Poverty Alleviation Editors Helmut P. Gaisbauer Gottfried Schweiger Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research University of Salzburg University of Salzburg Salzburg , Austria Salzburg , Austria Clemens Sedmak Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research University of Salzburg Salzburg , Austria This publication was supported by Academics Stand Against Poverty (ASAP) Austria ISSN 1871-0409 ISSN 1871-1456 (electronic) Studies in Global Justice ISBN 978-3-319-41428-7 ISBN 978-3-319-41430-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41430-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016953345 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Contents 1 Ethical Issues in Poverty Alleviation: Agents, Institutions and Policies .............................................................................................. 1 Helmut P. Gaisbauer , Gottfried Schweiger , and Clemens Sedmak Part I Human Rights and Poverty Alleviation 2 Are We Violating the Human Rights of the World’s Poor? ................. 17 Thomas Pogge 3 A Decent Social Minimum as a Matter of Justice ................................ 43 Elena Pribytkova 4 Children’s Rights, Bodily Integrity and Poverty Alleviation .............. 57 Gunter Graf and Maria del Mar Cabezas Part II Poverty Alleviation and Development 5 A Human Right to Financial Inclusion ................................................. 77 Jahel Queralt 6 Is Globalizing ‘development’ Ethical? A View from the Pacific ................................................................................................. 93 Joy Paton and Elisabeth Valiente-Riedl 7 Animals in International Development, Ethics, Dilemmas and Possibilities ....................................................................................... 113 Max Kelly 8 The Sustainable Development Goals: Pitfalls and Challenges Where We Now Need to Start Making Progress .................................. 133 Gottfried Schweiger v vi Contents Part III Poverty and Poverty Alleviation in the Welfare State 9 Relative Poverty as a Threat to Human Dignity: On the Structural Injustice of Welfare States ................................................... 151 Christian Neuhäuser 10 Suffering Within, Suffering Without: Paradoxes of P overties in Welfare States ...................................................................................... 171 Helmut P. Gaisbauer and Elisabeth Kapferer 11 Exclusion from Healthcare in Spain: The Responsibility for Omission of Due Care ....................................................................... 191 Rosana Triviño , David Rodríguez-Arias , and Txetxu Ausín Part IV Obligations to Poverty Alleviation 12 Poverty, Injustice and Obligations to Take Political Action ................ 209 Elizabeth Kahn 13 Beyond the Redistributive Paradigm: What Philosophers Can Learn from Poor-Led Politics ........................................................ 225 Monique Deveaux 14 Migration in a World of Citizens, Nonsensical Morality and Academia’s Role in Addressing Hidden Poverty .......................... 247 Tendayi Bloom 15 Poverty Alleviation: An Opportunity for Universities ......................... 259 Clemens Sedmak About the Editors and Contributors Editors Helmut P. Gaisbauer is Senior Scientist at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research, University of Salzburg. Recent publications include (with Gottfried Schweiger and Clemens Sedmak) P hilosophical Explorations of Justice and Taxation . Dordrecht: Springer 2015; (with Clemens Sedmak) “Neglected Futures. Considering Overlooked Poverty in Europe”; and in the special issue of the European Journal of Futures Research , “The Future of Europe”, 2014, 2–8. Gottfried Schweiger is Senior Scientist at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research, University of Salzburg, and there the Principal Investigator of the research project “Social Justice and Child Poverty”, funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). Recent publications include (with Gunter Graf) “The Subjective Experience of Poverty”, in N orthern European Journal of Philosophy 15 (2) 2015, 148–67, and (with Gunter Graf) A P hilosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty . Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2015. Clemens Sedmak i s FD Maurice Professor of Moral and Social Theology, King’s College, London, and Associate Director of the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research, University of Salzburg. Recent publications include (edited by Elisabeth Kapferer and Andreas Koch) Strengthening Intangible Infrastructures . Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2014, and Sustainability: Ethical Perspectives, in C. Weidinger et al. (eds.): S ustainable Entrepreneurship, CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance . Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer 2014, 51–65. vii viii About the Editors and Contributors Contributors Txetxu Ausín is Tenured Scientist at the Institute of Philosophy of the Spanish National Research Council in Madrid. Tendayi Bloom is a Global Justice Program, MacMillan Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Maria del Mar Cabezas i s Postdoc at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research, University of Salzburg. Monique Deveaux is Professor and Canada Research Chair in Ethics and Global Social Change, University of Guelph. Gunter Graf is Postdoc at the international research centre for social and ethical questions and also works at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research, University of Salzburg. Elizabeth Kahn i s SNSF Ambizione Fellow at the Faculty of Law, University of Basel, and also JSD Candidate at Columbia Law School. Elisabeth Kapferer i s Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Max Kelly is Senior Lecturer in International and Community Development at Deakin University. Christian Neuhäuser Institut für Philosophie und Politikwissenschaft, Dortmund, Germany Joy Paton is an Honorary Associate in the Department of Political Economy, University of Sydney and Senior Research Associate in the School of Social Sciences and Psychology at Western Sydney University. Thomas Pogge is Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs as well as the founding Director of the Global Justice Program, Yale University. Elena Pribytkova is Postdoc at the Faculty of Law, University of Basel, and also JD candidate at Columbia Law School. Jahel Queralt works as a Postdoc at the Ethics Centre of the University of Zurich. David Rodríguez-Arias i s Ramón y Cajal Research Fellow at the Philosophy I Department of the University of Granada. Rosana Triviño is Lecturer at the Philosophy of Law Department of the University of A Coruña. Elisabeth Valiente-Riedl is Deputy Director of the Master of Human Rights and Democratisation, University of Sydney. Chapter 1 Ethical Issues in Poverty Alleviation: Agents, Institutions and Policies Helmut P. Gaisbauer , Gottfried Schweiger , and Clemens Sedmak Abstract In this chapter we introduce the topics of this volume. We start by distin- guishing and discussing three issues that are of importance for an ethical refl ection on poverty alleviation: the defi nitions of poverty and poverty alleviation, the nor- mative background theories of poverty alleviation and the identifi cation of the agents and institutions of poverty alleviation. After discussing these we will go on to present a brief overview of the chapters in this volume. Keywords Poverty • Poverty alleviation • Human rights • Justice • Institutions 1.1 Introduction I n today’s world, poverty is one of the most pressing social problems, and it is one that has gained signifi cant and increasing attention from philosophers over the last years. Whilst most of them agree that global poverty is morally wrong and unjust we can fi nd large disagreement on how we should solve this problem and how we should distribute the associated tasks and burdens of poverty eradication. This vol- ume aims to contribute to this literature by focusing on philosophical, and more precisely on ethical issues concerning the conceptualization, design and implemen- tation of poverty alleviation measures from the local to the global level. In this introduction we want to explore three issues that are closely connected with such an ethical exploration of poverty alleviation: the defi nitions of poverty and poverty alleviation, the normative background theories of poverty alleviation and the identi- fi cation of the agents and institutions of poverty alleviation. We think every attempt to ethically refl ect on poverty alleviation and every attempt to provide ethical guid- ance for the practice of poverty alleviation has in some way or another to deal with H. P. Gaisbauer (*) • G. Schweiger • C. Sedmak Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research , University of Salzburg , Mönchsberg 2a , 5020 Salzburg , Austria e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 1 H.P. Gaisbauer et al. (eds.), Ethical Issues in Poverty Alleviation, Studies in Global Justice 14, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41430-0_1