Ethical Engineering: A Practical Guide with Case Studies PDF
Preview Ethical Engineering: A Practical Guide with Case Studies
Ethical Engineering Ethical Engineering: A Practical Guide with Case Studies provides detailed and practical guidance in making decisions about the many ethical issues practicing engineers may face in their professional lives. It outlines a decision-making pro- cedure and helps engineers construct an ethics toolkit consisting of professional models, a comprehensive set of ethical considerations and factors that help in weighing those considerations, and analyses of particular issues, such as reverse engineering a patented process. Illustrating case studies, both brief and detailed, are provided. Features: • Introduces the nature of ethical decision-making as applied to engineering values and issues. • Helps readers develop a detailed ethics toolkit that identifies options and solutions and allows them to monitor and adjust as necessary. • Features topics such as safety, sustainability, bioethics, diversity and equal- ity, information technology and AI, as well as critical areas often over- looked in engineering texts, such as mentoring, advertising (for consulting firms), engineering sales, and much more. • Includes 85 case studies to illustrate a variety of scenarios. • Offers an international perspective with links to codes of ethics from around the world, including Saudi Arabia, India, New Zealand, Chile, and Japan. Emphasizing the importance of the moral life and of engineering as an occupation with high ideals, this book helps readers navigate a variety of real-world ethical is- sues they are likely to face in this increasingly interdisciplinary, global, and diverse profession. What Every Engineer Should Know Series Editor Phillip A. Laplante Pennsylvania State University What Every Engineer Should Know about Career Management Mike Ficco What Every Engineer Should Know about Starting a High-Tech Business Venture Eric Koester What Every Engineer Should Know about MATLAB® and Simulink® Adrian B. Biran Green Entrepreneur Handbook: The Guide to Building and Growing a Green and Clean Business Eric Koester What Every Engineer Should Know about Cyber Security and Digital Forensics Joanna F. DeFranco What Every Engineer Should Know about Modeling and Simulation Raymond J. Madachy and Daniel Houston What Every Engineer Should Know about Excel, Second Edition J.P. Holman and Blake K. Holman Technical Writing: A Practical Guide for Engineers, Scientists, and Nontechnical Professionals, Second Edition Phillip A. Laplante What Every Engineer Should Know About the Internet of Things Joanna F. DeFranco and Mohamad Kassab What Every Engineer Should Know about Software Engineering Phillip A. Laplante and Mohamad Kassab What Every Engineer Should Know About Cyber Security and Digital Forensics Joanna F. DeFranco and Bob Maley Ethical Engineering: A Practical Guide with Case Studies Eugene Schlossberger What Every Engineer Should Know About Data-Driven Analytics Phillip A. Laplante and Satish Mahadevan Srinivasan For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/What- Every-Engineer-Should-Know/book-series/CRCWEESK Ethical Engineering A Practical Guide with Case Studies Eugene Schlossberger Designed cover image: © Shutterstock First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 Eugene Schlossberger Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Schlossberger, Eugene, 1951- author. Title: Ethical engineering : a practical guide with case studies / Eugene Schlossberger. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2023. | Series: What every engineer should know | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Ethical Engineering: A Practical Guide with Case Studies provides detailed and practical guidance in making decisions about the many ethical issues practicing engineers may face in their professional lives. It outlines a decision-making procedure and helps engineers construct an ethics toolkit consisting of professional models, a comprehensive set of ethical considerations and factors that help in weighing those considerations, and analyses of particular issues, such as reverse engineering a patented process. Illustrating case studies, both brief and detailed, are provided. Features: Introduces the nature of ethical decision making as applied to engineering values and issues. Helps readers develop a detailed ethics toolkit that identifies options and solutions and allows them to monitor and adjust as necessary. Features topics such as safety, sustainability, bioethics, diversity and equality, information technology and AI, as well as critical areas often overlooked in engineering texts, such as mentoring, advertising (for consulting firms), engineering sales, and much more. Includes more than 50 case studies to illustrate a variety of scenarios. Offers an international perspective with codes of ethics from around the world, including Saudi Arabia, India, New Zealand, Chile, and Japan. Adds further cases and samples for discussion and a summary of key ideas. Emphasizing the importance of the moral life and of engineering as an occupation with high ideals, this book helps readers navigate a variety of real-world ethical issues they are likely to face in this increasingly interdisciplinary, global, and diverse profession”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2022045262 (print) | LCCN 2022045263 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032151137 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032151120 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003242574 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Engineering ethics. Classification: LCC TA157 .S38323 2023 (print) | LCC TA157 (ebook) | DDC 620.001--dc23/eng/20221202 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022045262 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022045263 ISBN: 9781032151137 (hbk) ISBN: 9781032151120 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003242574 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003242574 Typeset in Minion by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd. For my family: Kurt, Else, Norman, Maricar, Erin, Noah, Rachel, and Moss Contents What Every Engineer Should Know: Series Statement ......................xv Preface .................................................................................................xvii Acknowledgments ...............................................................................xix About the Author .................................................................................xxi PART I Introduction and Ethical Decision-Making Chapter 1 The Nature of Engineering Ethics ....................................3 What This Book Is About ............................................................3 Why Ethics for Engineers? ..........................................................4 A Revealing Case ..........................................................................9 Cut-Throat v. Community Workplaces ...............................10 The Consumer Life v. The Life of Values ............................12 What Should I Do? ................................................................15 Chapter 2 Ethical Decision-Making .................................................21 The Nature of Ethical Decision-Making .................................22 Making Ethical Decisions .........................................................24 A Template for Moral Decision-Making .................................26 Preparation .............................................................................27 Creating a Toolkit Rationally: Looking at the Arguments .............................................................................30 Three Rational Responses to an Argument ..................30 Four Rational Responses to a Counterexample ............31 Picture Building and the Moral Edifice .........................33 Relativism ...........................................................................35 Making Particular Decisions: The Five-Step Process .......37 vii viii • Contents PART II Sources of Ethical Decision-Making Chapter 3 The Engineering Way ......................................................49 What is Engineering...................................................................49 Design Ethics and Cultural Appropriation.............................52 Thinking like an Engineer ........................................................54 Characteristics of the Compleat Engineer .........................55 The Engineering Process .......................................................59 Models of the Profession ............................................................61 Models of the Engineering Profession ................................63 Engineering and Business .........................................................65 Chapter 4 Values of the Engineering Profession .............................75 Technology as Practical Wisdom .............................................75 Safety ............................................................................................79 Extent of a Risk ......................................................................79 Balancing Risks against Benefits ........................................80 Nature of Risks .......................................................................82 Publicizing Risks ....................................................................82 Human Progress ........................................................................90 Clean, Clear Decision-Making .................................................91 Community .................................................................................92 Partnership with Nature ...........................................................96 Chapter 5 Additional Ethical Sources (Part 1) ..............................109 When to Fight a Battle .............................................................109 Treating Others Fairly and Well .............................................112 Illustrating Cases .................................................................113 The Duty to Leave the World No Worse ...............................116 World Religious Traditions ....................................................122 Promoting Good Consequences ............................................128 Illustrating Example ............................................................130 The Golden Rule .......................................................................130 Universality ...............................................................................133 Proclamative Principle (Duty to Set a Moral Precedent) ..................................................................................137 Case Studies ...............................................................................138 Contents • ix Respect for Persons ...................................................................140 Rights ..........................................................................................141 Autonomy ..................................................................................145 Chapter 6 Additional Ethical Sources (Part 2) ..............................153 Personal Values, Moral Beauty, and The Good Life ............................................................................153 Virtues ........................................................................................156 The Precautionary Principle ....................................................156 Responsibility (Dual-Use) .......................................................158 The Nature of Moral Responsibility ..................................159 Promoting Good Consequences (The Utilitarian Perspective) ...........................................................................160 Safety and Future Generations ..........................................161 Leaving the World No Worse Than One Found it ...............................................................162 The Weak Samaritan Principle ..........................................163 Respect for Autonomy .........................................................164 The Doctrine of Intervening Wills (Novus Actus Interveniens) .................................................165 Four Concluding Questions ...............................................166 Two Principles of Institutional Responsibility .....................167 Institutional Duties ..................................................................168 When to Break the Rules .........................................................170 Codes of Ethics..........................................................................177 Contents of Codes of Ethics ...............................................178 The Role of Codes of Ethics ................................................179 PART III Problems and Issues in Engineering Chapter 7 Honesty and Professionalism ........................................185 Whistleblowing .........................................................................185 Competence ...............................................................................197 Keeping Accurate Records and Obeying the Law................198 Sales, Honesty, and Disclosure of Product’s Liabilities .................................................................202 Consulting v. Adversarial Sales.........................................203
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