This page intentionally left blank EthicalDimensionsoftheForeignPolicy oftheEuropeanUnion ThisbookanalysesthetheoryandpracticeoftheEuropean Union’s‘ethicalforeignpolicy’,arguingthatcurrentpractices dilutetheimpactandefficacyofEUpoliciesbutthataneffort whichisattimeseffectiveisbeingmadetoprotectcertainvalues intheUnion’sinternationalrelations.Beginningwithan investigationoftheinternationalrulesauthorisingorobliging theUnion/CommunityortheMemberStatestopromotecertain valuesinthirdstatesortakeactiontoprotectthem,Khaliq goesontoexaminethelimitsunderinternationallawwhich constrainsuchpolicies.Theissuesarethenassessedfroman EU/Communitylawperspective,andtheimportanceattachedto ethicalvaluesandtheirrelationshipwithotherprioritiesand objectivesisanalysedinthecontextofrelationswithMyanmar, Nigeria,Pakistan,IsraelandthePalestinianAuthority.The EuropeanCommunity’shumanitarianaidpolicyisalso discussed. CambridgeStudiesinEuropeanLawandPolicy Thisseriesaimstoproduceoriginalworkswhichcontainacritical analysisofthestateofthelawinparticularareasofEuropeanLaw andsetoutdifferentperspectivesandsuggestionsforitsfuture development.Italsoaimstoencouragearangeofworkonlaw,legal institutionsandlegalphenomenainEurope,including‘lawin context’approaches.Thetitlesintheserieswillbeofinterestto academics;policymakers;policyformerswhoareinterestedin Europeanlegal,commercial,andpoliticalaffairs;practisinglawyers includingthejudiciary;andadvancedlawstudentsandresearchers. JointEditors ProfessorDr.LaurenceGormley,RijksuniversiteitGroningen, TheNetherlands ProfessorJoShaw,UniversityofEdinburgh Editorialadvisoryboard ProfessorRichardBellamy,UniversityofReading;MsCatherine Barnard,UniversityofCambridge;ProfessorMariseCremona, QueenMaryCollege,UniversityofLondon;ProfessorAlan Dashwood,UniversityofCambridge; ProfessorDrJacqueline DutheildelaRoche`re,Universite´deParisII,DirectoroftheCentre deDroitEurope´en,France;DrAndrewDrzemczewski,Councilof Europe,Strasbourg,France;SirDavidEdwardKCMG,QC,former Judge,CourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanCommunities, Luxembourg;ProfessorDrWalterBaronvanGerven,Emeritus Professor,Leuven&MaastrichtandformerAdvocateGeneral,Court ofJusticeoftheEuropeanCommunities;ProfessorDaniel Halberstam,UniversityofMichigan,USA;ProfessorDrIngolf Pernice,DirectoroftheWalterHallsteinInstitut,Humboldt Universita¨t,Berlin;MichelPetite,DirectorGeneraloftheLegal Service,CommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities, Bruxelles;ProfessorDrSinisaRodin,UniversityofZagreb;Professor NeilWalker,UniversityofAberdeenandEUI,Fiesole. Booksintheseries EUEnlargementandtheConstitutionsofCentralandEasternEurope Anneli Albi Social Rights and Market Freedom in the European Constitution: A Labour Law Perspective Stefano Giubboni TheConstitutionforEurope:ALegalAnalysis Jean-Claude Piris TheEuropeanConventiononHumanRights:Achievements,ProblemsandProspects Steven Greer EuropeanBroadcastingLawandPolicy Lorna Woods and Jackie Harrison TheTransformationofCitizenshipintheEuropeanUnion:ElectoralRightsandthe RestructuringofPoliticalSpace Jo Shaw ImplementingEUPollutionControl:LawandIntegration Bettina Lange TheEvolvingEuropeanUnion:MigrationLawandPolicy Dora Kostakopoulou EthicalDimensionsoftheForeignPolicyoftheEuropeanUnion:ALegalAppraisal Urfan Khaliq Ethical Dimensions of the Foreign Policy of the European Union A Legal Appraisal Urfan Khaliq CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB28RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521870757 © Urfan Khaliq 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13 978-0-511-42911-8 eBook (EBL) ISBN-13 978-0-521-87075-7 hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Table of Contents SeriesEditors’Preface pagexi AcknowledgementsandPreface xiii TheConstitutionalTreatyandtheReformTreaty:Table ofEquivalences xv Table of Cases xvi TableofTreaties xxi ListofAbbreviations xxx 1 Introduction 1 2 PromotingValuesinForeignRelations:Policy andLegalIssues 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 EthicalValuesandForeignPolicy:Choices andImplications 11 2.3 LegalConsiderationsandthePolicyof PromotingandProtectingEthicalValuesin ThirdStates 19 2.4 Conclusions 79 3 PromotingValuesandtheInternational RelationsoftheUnionandCommunity: CompetenceandPractice 81 3.1 Introduction 81 3.2 RelationshipbetweentheUnionand CommunityandtheInstrumentsAvailablefor ImplementinganEthicalForeignPolicy 82 3.3 TheExerciseofCompetenceandthePursuit ofEthicalForeignPolicyObjectives 103 3.4 Conclusions 186 vii viii contents 4 EthicalValuesandForeignPolicyinPractice: ResponsestotheDenialofDemocracyin Myanmar,NigeriaandPakistan 189 4.1 Myanmar 189 4.1.1 RoleofEthicalValuesandPrinciplesin RegionalDialogueInvolvingMyanmar andtheUnion 194 4.1.2 BilateralDealingswithMyanmar 200 4.2 Pakistan 218 4.2.1 LegalandPoliticalStructureofEUDialogue withPakistan 221 4.2.2 Democracy,HumanRights,theUnion andPakistan 223 4.2.3 TheUnion’sSuccessesinPromotingEthical ValuesinPakistan 240 4.3 Nigeria 247 4.3.1 DialoguebetweenNigeriaandtheUnion 251 4.3.2 ActionagainstNigeriaunderLome´ IV 253 4.3.3 ActionagainstNigeriaundertheCFSP 257 4.3.4 PositiveActionregardingEthicalValues andNigeria 264 4.4 Conclusions 270 5 EthicalValuesandForeignPolicyinPractice: theRoleoftheUnionintheMiddleEastPeace ProcessandRelationswiththePalestinian AuthorityandIsrael 274 5.1 EthicalValuesandtheMiddleEastPeace Process,theBarcelonaProcessandthe EuropeanNeighbourhoodPolicy 277 5.2 EthicalValuesandBilateralRelationswith IsraelandthePalestinianAuthority 299 5.3 Conclusions 395 6 EthicalValuesandForeignPolicyin Practice:HumanitarianAidand theEuropeanUnion 404 6.1 ConceptsofNeutralityandImpartiality andtheirRelationshipwith HumanitarianAid 406 6.2 HumanitarianAidasaForeignPolicy InstrumentoftheUnion 409
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