John S. H. Baxter · Islem Rekik · Roy Eagleson · Luping Zhou · Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood · Hongzhi Wang · Mustafa Hajij (Eds.) Ethical and Philosophical Issues in Medical 5 5 Imaging, Multimodal Learning and Fusion 7 3 Across Scales for Clinical Decision Support, 1 S and Topological Data Analysis for C N Biomedical Imaging L 1st International Workshop, EPIMI 2022 12th International Workshop, ML-CDS 2022 2nd International Workshop, TDA4BiomedicalImaging Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2022 Singapore, September 18–22, 2022, Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science 13755 FoundingEditors GerhardGoos KarlsruheInstituteofTechnology,Karlsruhe,Germany JurisHartmanis CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA EditorialBoardMembers ElisaBertino PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN,USA WenGao PekingUniversity,Beijing,China BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Dortmund,Germany MotiYung ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NY,USA Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/558 · · · John S. H. Baxter Islem Rekik Roy Eagleson · · Luping Zhou Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood · Hongzhi Wang Mustafa Hajij (Eds.) Ethical and Philosophical Issues in Medical Imaging, Multimodal Learning and Fusion Across Scales for Clinical Decision Support, and Topological Data Analysis for Biomedical Imaging 1st International Workshop, EPIMI 2022 12th International Workshop, ML-CDS 2022 2nd International Workshop, TDA4BiomedicalImaging Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2022 Singapore, September 18–22, 2022 Proceedings Editors JohnS.H.Baxter IslemRekik UniversitédeRennes1 ImperialCollegeLondon Rennes,France London,UK RoyEagleson LupingZhou WesternUniversity UniversityofSydney London,ON,Canada Sydney,NSW,Australia TanveerSyeda-Mahmood HongzhiWang IBMAlmadenResearchCenter IBMAlmadenResearchCenter SanJose,CA,USA SanJose,CA,USA MustafaHajij UniversityofSanFrancisco SanFrancisco,CA,USA ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) LectureNotesinComputerScience ISBN 978-3-031-23222-0 ISBN 978-3-031-23223-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23223-7 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland EPIMI Preface The human body lies at the intersection of both scientific complexity and humanistic interest,leadingtotheuniquepositionofmedicineinthesciencesandthusthephiloso- phyofmedicineinthewiderphilosophicaltradition.Medicalimaginginparticular,as thebeneficiaryofnumerousadvancesinfieldsrangingfromquantumphysicstocom- puterscience,hasadvancedwellaheadofitsphilosophicalandbioethicalunderpinnings. Althoughitisnotuncommonforscientificdisciplinestodosoingeneral(e.g.quantum physicshaddevelopedfordecadesinthelate1800sandearly1900sbeforequestionsof its interpretation were first published in 1926) medical imaging’s association with the humanbodygivesitanadditionalhumanisticdimensionanditsgrowinguseinmedicine asawholemakestheinvestigationofthisdimensionmorepressing.Inaddition,many toolsandconceptshaveevolvedtoassistmedicalimaging,notablythroughimagecom- puting and computer-assisted interventions, which come with their own philosophical andethicalimplicationsregardingthefairallocationofresourcesandequitabledefini- tionsofaccuracy,butalsoregardingmoreabstractquestionsinepistemology,semiotics, andownership.Todrawananalogy,adistinctphilosophyofmedicalimagingistothe philosophyofmedicineasmedicalimagingitselfistomedicine:itsharesthesameend butusesadistinctlydifferentplethoraofmeans;itexistsasbothasub-disciplineanda separateone. ThefirstworkshoponEthicalandPhilosophicalIssuesinMedicalImaging(EPIMI 2022)wasaforayintothisdisciplineandbegantofillwhatweseeasagapinthecon- nectionbetweentheMICCAIcommunityandthephilosophyofmedicinecommunity. EPIMI 2022 included five short papers about various humanistic aspects of medical imagecomputingandcomputer-assistedinterventions.Thesepaperswereselectedfrom sevensubmissionsafterdouble-blindreviewbyatleastthreeindependentreviewers,fol- lowedbyanadditionalauthorrebuttal.Thefirsttwoacceptedpapersinvestigatebioeth- icalquestionsconcerningtheuseofmachinelearning,specificallysystemsecurityand racialfairness,throughamixedtheoretical/empiricalapproach.Thethirdisaphilosophi- calexaminationofthevaluesunderlyingmachinelearningresearch.Thefinaltwopapers addresspublicperceptionofdigitalhealthtechnologiesinanunder-representedpopula- tionaswellashowtoinvolvecliniciansindevelopingthesetechnologies.Overall,they representsomeoftheforemosthumanisticconcernsandphilosophicalpreoccupations ofthoseworkinginthefield. Lastly,wewouldliketothanktheauthorsandreviewers,aswellasallthosewho attendedEPIMI2022andcontributedtothefruitfulandcriticaldiscussionsthere.You vi EPIMIPreface haveallbeenapartinadvancingphilosophicalinquiryintomedicalimagecomputing andcomputer-assistedinterventions. September2022 JohnS.H.Baxter IslemRekik RoyEagleson LupingZhou EPIMI Organization ProgramandOrganizingCommittee JohnS.H.Baxter UniversityofRennes,France IslemRekik ImperialCollegeLondon,UK RoyEagleson WesternUniversity,Canada LupingZhou UniversityofSydney,Australia SteeringCommittee ElisabettaLalumera UniversityofBologna,Italy PierreJannin UniversityofRennes,France TerryM.Peters WesternUniversity,Canada DinggangShen ShanghaiTechnicalUniversity,China ML-CDS Preface On behalf of the organizing committee, we welcome you to the proceedings of the Workshop on Multimodal Learning and Fusion Across Scales for Clinical Decision Support (ML-CDS) held in person at MICCAI 2022 in Singapore. This is the 12th editionofourworkshop,whichhasbeenheldannuallyatMICCAIsince2009.Overall, thegoalofthisseriesofworkshopshasbeentobringtogethermedicalimageanalysis andmachinelearningresearcherswithclinicianstotackletheimportantchallengesof acquiring and interpreting multimodality medical data at multiple scales for clinical decisionsupportandtreatmentplanning,andtopresentanddiscusslatestdevelopments inthefield. Thepreviousworkshopsonthistopichavebeenwell-receivedatMICCAI,specifi- callyinStrasbourg(2021),Lima(2020),Shenzen(2019),Granada(2018),QuebecCity (2017), Athens (2016), Munich (2015), Nagoya (2013), Nice (2012), Toronto (2011), andLondon(2009).Continuingonthemomentumbuiltbytheseworkshops,thisyear’s edition focused on integrating diagnostic imaging, pathology imaging, and genomic datasets for diagnosis and treatment planning treating clinical decision support on a holisticbasis. Wereceivedthreesubmissionswhichallunderwentadouble-blindpeer-reviewpro- cess,witheach submissionreviewed by atleasttwoindependent reviewers. Based on thereviewscoresandcomments,allthreepaperswereacceptedforpresentationatthe workshop and inclusion in this Springer LNCS volume. We would like to thank the authorsfortheirsubmissionsandalltheProgramCommitteemembersforhandlingthe submissionswithprofessionaljudgementsandconstructivecomments. Withlessthan5%ofmedicalimageanalysistechniquestranslatingtoclinicalprac- tice, workshops on this topic have helped raise the awareness of our field to clinical practitioners. The approach taken in the workshop is to scale it to large collections of patient data exposing interesting issues of multimodal learning and its specific use in clinicaldecisionsupportbypracticingphysicians.Theultimateimpactofthesemethods canbejudgedwhentheybegintoaffecttreatmentplanninginclinicalpractice. With the introduction of a clinical program at MICCAI 2023 as part of the main conference,andtheappointmentofclinicalchairs,thegoalsoftheworkshoponspread- ing the awareness of this topic within the MICCAI community have effectively been reached.WewouldliketothankMICCAIforsupportingtheworkshopthroughtheyears andlookforwardtoanothersuccessfuleditionoftheworkshopin2023. September2022 TanveerSyeda-Mahmood AnantMadabhushi HayitGreenspan HongzhiWang ML-CDS Organization ProgramChairs TanveerSyeda-Mahmood IBMResearch-Almaden,USA AnantMadabhushi CaseWesternReserveUniversity,USA HayitGreenspan Tel-AvivUniversity,Israel HongzhiWang IBMResearch-Almaden,USA ProgramCommittee AmirAmini UniversityofLouisville,USA SameerAntani NationalLibraryofMedicine,USA RivkaColen AndersenResearchCenter,USA NiharikaD’Souza IBMResearch-Almaden,USA KeyvanFarahani NationalCancerInstitute,USA AlejandroFrangi UniversityofLeeds,UK GuidoGerig NewYorkUniversity,USA AndreaGiovannini IBMResearch-Zurich,Switzerland DavidGutman EmoryUniversity,USA AllanHalpern MemorialSloan-KetteringResearchCenter,USA GhassanHamarneh SimonFraserUniversity,Canada JayshreeKalpathy-Cramer MassachusettsGeneralHospital,USA RonKikinis HarvardUniversity,USA GeorgLangs MedicalUniversityofVienna,Austria B.Manjunath UniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,USA DimitrisMetaxas RutgersUniversity,USA NikosParagios CentraleSupélec,France DanielRacoceanu SorbonneUniversity,France EduardoRomero UniversidadNationaleColombia,Colombia DanielRubin StanfordUniversity,USA RussTaylor JohnsHopkinsUniversity,USA AgmaTraina SaoPauloUniversity,Brazil MaxViergewer UtrechtUniversity,TheNetherlands ChunIWong IBMResearch-Almaden,USA SeanZhou ShanghaiUnitedImagingIntelligence,USA