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Ethical and legal issues for doctoral nursing students: a textbook for students and reference for nurse leaders PDF

345 Pages·2013·8.14 MB·English
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ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES FOR DOCTORAL NURSING STUDENTS HOW TO ORDER THIS BOOK BY PHONE: 877-500-4337 or 717-290-1660, 9AM–5PM Eastern Time BY FAX: 717-509-6100 BY MAIL: Order Department DEStech Publications, Inc. 439 North Duke Street Lancaster, PA 17602, U.S.A. BY CREDIT CARD: American Express, VISA, MasterCard, Discover BY WWW SITE: http://www.destechpub.com Ethical and Legal Issues for Doctoral Nursing Students A Textbook for Students and Reference for Nurse Leaders Edited by Anne G. Peirce, RN, PhD Associate Dean for Academic Afairs Adelphi University School of Nursing Jennifer A. Smith, RN, MBA, MPH, DNP Senior Associate Dean Columbia University School of Nursing DEStech Publications, Inc. Ethical and Legal Issues for Doctoral Nursing Students DEStech Pub lic a tions, Inc. 439 North Duke Street Lan cas ter, Penns ylv a nia 17602 U.S.A. Copy right © 2013 by DEStech Publ i cat ions, Inc. All rights re served No part of this pub lic a tion may be re prod uced, stored in a re trieval syst em, or trans mit ted, in any form or by any means, elec tronic, mec han i cal, pho toc opy ing, re cordi ng, or oth er wise, witho ut the prior writt en per mis sion of the pub lisher. Printed in the United States of Ameri ca 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Main en try und er ti tle: Ethical and Legal Issues for Doctoral Nursing Students: A Textbook for Students and Reference for Nurse Leaders A DEStech Pub lic a tions book Bibl i og ra phy: p. In cludes in dex p. 325 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 2013940138 ISBN No. 978-1-60595-058-7 To our husbands, Nathaniel W. Peirce, EdD and Daniel H. Smith, MD for their constant support and encouragement. Contents Preface xi Contributors xv 1. Ethics: What it is, What it is Not and What the Future May Bring 1 ANNE G. PEIRCE 1.1. Overview 1 1.2. Historical View 2 1.3. Ethics in Healthcare 7 1.4. Neuroethics 16 1.5. Ethical Reasoning 17 1.6. Nursing and Ethical Decision Making 25 1.7. Summary 28 1.8. References 28 2. Research Ethics 33 NANCY KING REAME 2.1. Introduction 33 2.2. Historical Context for the Contemporary Model of Research Ethics 34 2.3. The U.S. Government Responds to Research Abuses: The Belmont Report 36 2.4. The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations: The Common Rule 39 2.5. Informed Consent 42 2.6. Other Social Infuences on Human Subjects’ Protections 47 2.7. The HIPAA “Privacy Rule” 48 vii viii Ethical and Legal Issues for Doctoral Nursing Students 2.8. International Research: Abuses, Regulations and Guidelines for Good Clinical Practices 54 2.9. The Concept of Clinical Equipoise 57 2.10. Therapeutic Misperception 58 2.11. Ethical Codes Guiding Nurses Involved in Research 58 2.12. International Nursing Research 62 2.13. Special Ethical Challenges for Nurses in Research 63 2.14. Scientifc Integrity and Responsible Conduct of Research 66 2.15. Mentorship in Ethical Research Practices 68 2.16. Conficts of Interest in Research 69 2.17. The nurse Expert as Consultant 70 2.18. Ethical Practices for Scientifc Writing 71 2.19. General Resources 76 2.20. References 77 3. Ethical Guidelines Particular to Practice 79 COURTNEY REINISCH 3.1. Autonomy 79 3.2. Benefcence 81 3.3. Nonmalefcence 81 3.4. Justice 82 3.5. Veracity 83 3.6. Confdentiality 84 3.7. Paternalism 85 3.8. Moral Uncertainty, Dilemmas, Distress, Fatigue— Justice 85 3.9. Informed Consent—Surrogacy 88 3.10. Withdrawing and Withholding Treatment 91 3.11. Ordinary vs. Extraordinary Treatment 93 3.12. Medical Nutrition 94 3.13. Medical Futility 95 3.14. Ethics Committees 97 3.15. Case Studies 98 3.16. References 101 4. Ethical Considerations in the Care of Vulnerable Adult Populations 103 JOAN VALAS 4.1. Introduction 103 4.2. Vulnerable Populations (Defnition/Description) 103 Contents ix 4.3. Ethical Guidelines and Regulations for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research 106 4.4. Conceptual Models of Vulnerable Populations 107 4.5. Ethical Considerations in Care and Research of Illegal Aliens, Incompetent Patients, Prisoners, and the Armed Forces 110 4.6. Armed Forces 118 4.7. Incompetent Patients 120 4.8. Case Study 124 4.9. References 125 5. Ethical Considerations of Care and Research in Mental Health 129 PAMELA BJORKLUND 5.1. Introduction 129 5.2. Placing Psychiatric-Mental Health Ethics in Context 130 5.3. Ethical Considerations in Mental Health Care 140 5.4. Ethical Considerations in Mental Health Research 153 5.5. Ethical Signifcance of Everyday Life in Mental Health Care 157 5.6. Moral Frameworks for Mental Health Care and Research 159 5.7. Conclusion 161 5.8. Websites for Further Information 162 5.9. Case Studies 163 5.10. References 168 6. Ethical Considerations in the Care of Pediatric Patients 173 RITA MARIE JOHN 6.1. Overview 173 6.2. Health Care Decision Making 173 6.3. Practice Issues 181 6.4. Specifc Age Groups 186 6.5. Case Studies 213 6.6. References 214 7. Ethics and Women’s Health 221 CAROLINE M. HEWITT 7.1. Feminist Bioethics 221 7.2. Public Health Ethics 224 7.3. Case Studies 227

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