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Ethan Frome (Webster's Thesaurus Edition) PDF

209 Pages·2006·1.77 MB·English
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ETHAN FROME Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation Edith Wharton PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. Ethan Frome Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation Edith Wharton PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com Ethan Frome: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc. Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-01037-2 iii Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR..........................................................................................1 PREFACE..........................................................................................................................3 CHAPTER I.....................................................................................................................15 CHAPTER II....................................................................................................................23 CHAPTER III...................................................................................................................33 CHAPTER IV...................................................................................................................39 CHAPTER V....................................................................................................................51 CHAPTER VI...................................................................................................................57 CHAPTER VII..................................................................................................................63 CHAPTER VIII.................................................................................................................77 CHAPTER IX...................................................................................................................87 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................105 GLOSSARY...................................................................................................................111 Edith Wharton 1 PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-online- dictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org 1 P S A T ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. Edith Wharton 3 PREFACE I had the story, bit by bit, from various people, and, as generally happens in such cases, each time it was a different story.% If you know Starkfield, Massachusetts, you know the post-office. If you know the post-office you must have seen Ethan Frome drive up to it, drop the reins on his hollow-backed bay and drag himself across the brick pavement to the white colonnade: and you must have asked who he was. It was there that, several years ago, I saw him for the first time; and the sight pulled me up sharp. Even then he was the most striking figure in Starkfield, though he was but the ruin of a man. It was not so much his great height that marked him, for the “natives” were easily singled out by their lank longitude from the stockier foreign breed: it was the careless powerful look he had, in spite of a lameness checking each step like the jerk of a chain. There was something bleak and unapproachable in his face, and he was so stiffened and grizzled that I took him for an old man and was surprised to hear that he was not more than fifty-two. I had this from Harmon Gow, who had driven the stage from Bettsbridge to Starkfield in pre-trolley days and knew the chronicle of all the families on his line. “He’s looked that way ever since he had his smash-up; and that’s twenty-four years ago come next February,” Harmon threw out between reminiscent pauses. Thesaurus chronicle: (n, v) register, list, log, flip. ANTONYM: (v) ease. malevolence, rancour, venom, rancor, report; (n) account, story, annals, lameness: (n) limp, claudication, maliciousness, ill will, animosity; (n, history, narrative, roll; (v) date. gameness, gimpiness, feebleness, v) pique. ANTONYMS: (v) please; (n) colonnade: (n) arcade, circus, halt, limping, crippleness, disability benevolence, goodwill, love, construction, structure, stoa, portico, of walking. affection, harmony. column, crescent, mall, peristyle, lank: (adj) gaunt, angular, emaciated, unapproachable: (adj) aloof, distant, piazza. meager, thin, skinny, spindly, spare, remote, interminable, unreachable, families: (n) family. scrawny; (adj, v) lean, barren. immeasurable, incalculable, grizzled: (adj) grey, gray, old, brunet, longitude: (n) line of longitude, inexhaustible, illimitable, grisled, grayish, brunette. meridian, span, great circle, date line, innumerable, out of reach. jerk: (n, v) jump, yank, shake, twitch, dateline, place. ANTONYMS: (adj) accessible, jar, tug, bump, heave, pull; (v) fling, spite: (n) malice, grudge, hatred, friendly, easy, affable. 4 Ethan Frome The “smash-up” it was—I gathered from the same informant—which, besides drawing the red gash across Ethan Frome’s forehead, had so shortened and warped his right side that it cost him a visible effort to take the few steps from his buggy to the post-office window. He used to drive in from his farm every day at about noon, and as that was my own hour for fetching my mail I often passed him in the porch or stood beside him while we waited on the motions of the distributing hand behind the grating. I noticed that, though he came so punctually, he seldom received anything but a copy of the Bettsbridge Eagle, which he put without a glance into his sagging pocket. At intervals, however, the post-master would hand him an envelope addressed to Mrs. Zenobia—or Mrs. Zeena-Frome, and usually bearing conspicuously in the upper left-hand corner the address of some manufacturer of patent medicine and the name of his specific. These documents my neighbour would also pocket without a glance, as if too much used to them to wonder at their number and variety, and would then turn away with a silent nod to the post-master.% Every one in Starkfield knew him and gave him a greeting tempered to his own grave mien; but his taciturnity was respected and it was only on rare occasions that one of the older men of the place detained him for a word. When this happened he would listen quietly, his blue eyes on the speaker’s face, and answer in so low a tone that his words never reached me; then he would climb stiffly into his buggy, gather up the reins in his left hand and drive slowly away in the direction of his farm. “It was a pretty bad smash-up?” I questioned Harmon, looking after Frome’s retreating figure, and thinking how gallantly his lean brown head, with its shock of light hair, must have sat on his strong shoulders before they were bent out of shape. “Wust kind,” my informant assented. “More’n enough to kill most men. But the Fromes are tough. Ethan’ll likely touch a hundred.” “Good God!” I exclaimed. At the moment Ethan Frome, after climbing to his seat, had leaned over to assure himself of the security of a wooden box—also with a druggist’s label on it—which he had placed in the back of the buggy, and I Thesaurus gallantly: (adv) courageously, bearing, demeanor; (n) look, upright, tight. intrepidly, chivalrously, splendidly, countenance, appearance, guise, taciturnity: (n) reserve, silence, valiantly, heroically, fearlessly, manner, aspect, air. uncommunicativeness, military finely, doughtily, pluckily, noticed: (adj) noted. reserve, modesty, secrecy, oblivion, courteously. ANTONYMS: (adv) punctually: (adv) precisely, exactly, substitute, pauciloquy, quietness, unchivalrously, poorly, timidly. duly, accurately, correctly, on time, muteness. grating: (adj) hoarse, strident, harsh, regularly, timely, punctiliously, warped: (adj, n) twisted; (adj) discordant, gravelly, raspy, gruff, strictly, sharp. deformed, crooked, perverted, raucous; (n, v) lattice; (n) grate, grid. sagging: (adj) drooping, flabby, slack, misshapen, kinky, curved, distorted, ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasing, baggy, hanging, limp, flagging, wry, partisan, superficial. soothing, smooth, harmonious. lifeless, floppy; (n) sag, dropping. ANTONYMS: (adj) wholesome, mien: (n, v) deportment, carriage, ANTONYMS: (adj) taut, firm, impartial. Edith Wharton 5 saw his face as it probably looked when he thought himself alone. “That man touch a hundred? He looks as if he was dead and in hell now!”% Harmon drew a slab of tobacco from his pocket, cut off a wedge and pressed it into the leather pouch of his cheek. “Guess he’s been in Starkfield too many winters. Most of the smart ones get away.” “Why didn’t he?” “Somebody had to stay and care for the folks. There warn’t ever anybody but Ethan. Fust his father—then his mother—then his wife.” “And then the smash-up?” Harmon chuckled sardonically. “That’s so. He had to stay then.” “I see. And since then they’ve had to care for him?” Harmon thoughtfully passed his tobacco to the other cheek. “Oh, as to that: I guess it’s always Ethan done the caring.” Though Harmon Gow developed the tale as far as his mental and moral reach permitted there were perceptible gaps between his facts, and I had the sense that the deeper meaning of the story was in the gaps. But one phrase stuck in my memory and served as the nucleus about which I grouped my subsequent inferences: “Guess he’s been in Starkfield too many winters.” Before my own time there was up I had learned to know what that meant. Yet I had come in the degenerate day of trolley, bicycle and rural delivery, when communication was easy between the scattered mountain villages, and the bigger towns in the valleys, such as Bettsbridge and Shadd’s Falls, had libraries, theatres and Y. M. C. A. halls to which the youth of the hills could descend for recreation. But when winter shut down on Starkfield and the village lay under a sheet of snow perpetually renewed from the pale skies, I began to see what life there—or rather its negation—must have been in Ethan Frome’s young manhood. I had been sent up by my employers on a job connected with the big power- house at Corbury Junction, and a long-drawn carpenters’ strike had so delayed Thesaurus degenerate: (adj) corrupt, debauched, appreciable, evident, discernible, pouch: (n, v) bag; (n) pocket, poke, depraved, dissolute; (v) decay, obvious, visible, palpable, apparent, mailbag, sac, pod, purse, sack, degrade, relapse, decline, drop, rot; detectable, manifest, observable. bladder; (v) bulk, bulge. (adj, n) profligate. ANTONYMS: (adj) ANTONYMS: (adj) intangible, sardonically: (adv) satirically, upright, honorable, moral, healthy, unclear, inaudible, inconspicuous, cynically, bitingly, ironically, virtuous, regenerate; (v) develop, obscure, undetectable, invisible. derisively, mockingly, mordantly, flourish, recuperate, uplift, upgrade. perpetually: (adv) eternally, contemptuously, scathingly, manhood: (n) majority, maturity, everlastingly, always, incessantly, scornfully, cuttingly. valor, resolution, personality, continually, endlessly, permanently, wedge: (v) compress, jam, pack, ram, humanity, integrity, bravery; (adj) unceasingly, ceaselessly, ever; (adj, stuff, lodge; (n) chock, shim, slice, manliness, ripe age, maturity full age. adv) forever. ANTONYMS: (adv) cuneus; (n, v) stick. ANTONYMS: (v) perceptible: (adj) conspicuous, erratically, sporadically. dislodge, remove; (n) whole.

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