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GUIDE ТО THE PENSOFT Series Faunistica No. 18 GUIDE TO THE BUTTERFLIES OF RUSSIA AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES (LEPIDOPTERA, RHOPALOCERA) VOLUME 2 Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae by V. K. Tuzov, P. V. Bogdanov, S. V. Churkin, A. V. Dantchenko, A. L. Devyatkin, V. S. Murzin, G. D. Samodurov, A. B. Zhdanko FETiSOFT Sofia - Moscow 2000 iT E N S O F T AN INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSE IN ALL FIELDS OF LIFE & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Address for correspondence: Distributed in Germany by: Distributed in Japan by: Dr. Lyubomir Penev Mr. Erich Bauer Bauer & Sato Japan Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 6 Antiquariat Goecke & Evers 1-24-1-22 Sengawa 1113 Sofia, BULGARIA Sportplatzweg 5 Chofu, Tokyo 182 Tel: +359-2-716451 D-75210 Keltern, GERMANY JAPAN Tel/Fax: +359-2-704508 Tel. 07236-7174 Tel. 03-3326-2291 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 07236-7325 Fax: 03-3326-4003 Website: www.pensoft.net E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] The authors’ addresses: Mr. Pavel V. Bogdanov State Darwin Museum Vavilova Str. 57, Moscow 117292, RUSSIA Mr. Sergei V. Churkin Yubileiny prospekt 14, apt. 168, Reutov Moscow Region 1413965, RUSSIA Mr. Alexei L. Devyatkin Moscow State University Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology Moscow 119899, RUSSIA Mr. Alexandr V. Dantchenko Avangardnaya Str. 11, apt. 160 Moscow 111395, RUSSIA Dr. Vladimir S. Murzin Leninsky prospekt 88, building 3, apt. 11 Moscow 117313, RUSSIA Mr Genrikh D. Samodurov Kalinin Str. 2, apt. 21, Korolev Moscow Region 141070, RUSSIA Dr. Vasily K. Tuzov Novocheremushkinskaya Str. 51, building 2 apt. 45, Moscow 117418, RUSSIA Dr. Alexandr B. Zhdanko Masanchi Str. 108, apt. 27 Alma-Ata 480072, KAZAKHSTAN A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Vasily K. Tuzov Scientific editors: Dr. Oleg G. Gorbunov and Alexandr V. Dantchenko Linguistic editor: Dr. Sergei I. Golovatch Design: Andrei V. Sotchivko Page layout, colour and graphic reproduction: Dr. Stanislav P. Abadjiev Production manager: Dr, Lyubomir D. Penev © PENSOFT Publishers All rights reserved First edition 2000 ISBN 954-642-095-6 Printed and bound in Sofia, Bulgaria, July 2000 CONTENTS Preface, by V. K. Tu zov........................................................................................................ 7 Family Libytheidae ............................................................................................................ 9 Genus Libythea, by V. K. T u zov................................................................................... 9 Family Danaidae ................................................................................................................... 10 Genus Danaus, by V. S. M urzin.................................................................................... 10 Genus Parantica, by V. S. Murzin.................................................................................. 10 Family Nymphalidae .......................................................................................................... 13 Genus Apatura, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................... 13 Genus Athymodes, by V. K. Tu zov............................................................................... 15 Genus Mimathyma, by V. K. Tuzov............................................................................... 15 Genus Sephisa, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................... 15 Genus Thaleropis, by V. K. Tuzov................................................................................. 16 Genus Limenitis, by V. S. M urzin................................................................................. 16 Genus Seokia, by V. S. M urzin...................................................................................... 20 Genus Neptis, by V. S. Murzin .................................................................................... . 20 Genus Aldania, by V. S. Murzin & V. K. Tuzov......................................................... 23 Genus Vanessa, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................... 24 Genus Inachis, by V. K. Tuzov........................................................................................ 26 Genus Polygonia, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................................... 26 Genus Nymphalis, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................................. 28 Genus Aglais, by V. S. Murzin ...................................................................................... 29 Genus Kaniska, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................... 32 Genus Araschriici, by V. K. Tuzov................................................................................. 32 Genus Argynnis, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................................... 33 Genus Issoria, by V. K. Tuzov........................................................................................ 40 Genus Brenthis, by V. K. Tuzov .................................................................................... 41 Genus Proclossiana, by P. V. Bogdanov...................................................................... 42 Genus Clossiana, by P. V. Bogdanov........................................................................... 43 Genus Boloria, by P. V. Bogdanov................................................................................. 52 Genus Euphydryas, by V. K. Tu zov............................................................................. 55 Genus Melitaea, by V. K. Tuzov & S. Churkin........................................................... 59 Genus Mellicta, by A. L. Devyatkin............................................................................... 76 Family Riodinidae .............................................................................................................. 83 Genus Hamearis, by V. S. Murzin ............................................................................... 83 Genus Polycaena, by V. S. M urzin............................................................................... 83 Family Lycaenidae........................................................................................................ 85 Genus Artopoetes, by A. V. Dantchenko .................................................................... 85 Genus Theda, by A. V. Dantchenko............................................................................. 86 Genus Shirozua, by A. V. Dantchenko......................................................................... 87 Genus Coreana, by А. V. Dantchenko ......................................................................... 87 Genus Ussuriana, by A. V. Dantchenko...................................................................... 88 Genus Protantigius, by A. V. Dantchenko.................................................................. 88 Genus Goldia, by A. V. Dantchenko............................................................................. 89 Genus Antigius, by A. V. Dantchenko ......................................................................... 89 Genus Wagimo, by A. V. Dantchenko........................................................................... 90 Genus Araragi, by A. V. Dantchenko........................................................................... 91 Genus Japonica, by A. V. Dantchenko.......................................................................... 91 Genus Neozephyrus, by A. V. Dantcbenko ..................................................................... 93 Genus Fauonius, by A. V. Dantchenko................................................................... 94 Genus Chrysozephyrus, by A. V. Dantchenko ............................................. 99 Genus Atara, by V. K. Tuzov........................................................................................101 Genus Cigaritis, by A. B. Zhdanko......................................................................... 102 Genus Armenia, by A. B. Zhdanko.............................................................................102 Genus Superjlua. by A. B. Zhdanko...................................................................... . 103 Genus Nordmannia, by A. B. Zhdanko............................................................... 104 Genus Neolycaena, by A. B. Zhdanko..................................................................,107 Genus Callophrys, by A. B. Zhdanko........................................................... 115 Genus Ahlbergia, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................. 118 Genus Tomcires, by A. B. Zhdanko....................................................................... . 120 Genus Lycaena, by G. D. Samodurov ................................................................ 123 Genus Heodes, by G. D. Samodurov.................................................................... . 124 Genus Thersamonolycaena, by G. D. Samodurov....................................... 125 Genus Thersamonia, by G. D. Samodurov & A. B. Zhdanko............................. . 127 Genus Phoenicurusia, by A. B. Zhdanko...................................................................130 Genus Ath.amanth.ia, by A. B. Zhdanko.....................................................................131 Genus Hyrcanana, by G. D. Samodurov & A. B. Zhdanko ....................................135 Genus Niphanda, by V. K. Tuzov ............................................................................136 Genus Lampides, by V. K. Tuzov ............................................................................ 137 Genus Lachides, by V. K. Tuzov........................................................................ 137 Genus Chilades, by V. K. Tuzov ..................................................................................138 Genus Leptotes, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................138 Genus Tarucus, by V. K. Tuzov..................................................................................138 Genus Cupido, by A. B. Zhdanko...............................................................................139 Genus Everes, by A. B. Zhdanko ......................................................................................... 142 Genus Tongeia, by A. B. Zhdanko ..........................................................................143 Genus Celastrina, by V. K. Tuzov............................................................................143 Genus Scolitantides, by V. K. Tuzov...........................................................................146 Genus Pseudophilotes, by A. V. Dantchenko & V. K. Tuzov....................................146 Genus Praephilotes, by A. B. Zhdanko.......................................................................147 Genus Otnjukouia, by A. B. Zhdanko.........................................................................148 Genus Turanana, by A. B. Zhdanko...........................................................................148 Genus Glaucopsyche, by A. B. Zhdanko ...................................................................151 Genus Iolana, by V. K. Tuzov.......................................................................................153 Genus Maculinea, by V. K. Tuzov................................................................................154 Genus Shijimiaeoides, by V. K. Tuzov .......................................................................157 Genus Patricius, by A. B. Zhdanko...................................................................... . 158 Genus Plebeius, by G. D. Samodurov, A. B. Zhdanko, V. K. Tuzov & A. V. Dantchenko.............................................................................158 Genus Plebejides, by G. D. Samodurov, A. B. Zhdanko & V. K. Tuzov...............................................................................................................169 Genus Umpria, by A. B. Zhdanko................................................................................171 Genus Eumedonia, by V. K. Tuzov..............................................................................171 Genus Aricia, by P. V. Bogdanov.................................................................................172 Genus Pseudoaricia, by P. V. Bogdanov.....................................................................174 Genus Ultraaricia, by P. V. Bogdanov.........................................................................174 Genus Cyaniris, by V. K. Tuzov....................................................................................175 Genus Alpherakya, by A. B. Zhdanko......................................................................176 Genus Farsia, by G. D. Samodurov..........................................................................177 Genus Vacciniina, by G. D, Samodurov.....................................................................179 Genus Rimisia. by G. D. Samodurov.........................................................................180 Genus Plebejidea, by G. D. Samodurov.....................................................................181 Genus Kretanici, by G. D. Samodurov.........................................................................182 Genus Neolysandra, by V. K. Tuzov..........................................................................182 Genus Albulina, by A. B. Zhdanko.............................................................................183 Genus Pamiria, by A. B. Zhdanko...............................................................................184 Genus Agriades, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................................184 Genus Lysandra, by A. V. Dantchenko.....................................................................186 Genus Meleageria, by V. K. Tuzov .............................................................................189 Genus Polyommatus, by V. K. Tuzov, A. B. Zhdanko & A. V. Dantchenko......................................................................................................190 Genus Agrodiaetus, byA.V. Dantchenko...................................................................196 Addenda, by V. K. Tuzov & S. V. Churkin.....................................................................215 Colour plates, by A. V. Sotcbivko & V. K. Tuzov ........................................................223 List of illustrations, by V. K. Tuzov .............................................................................401 Index of Latin names of butterflies ...........................................................................473 Index of host plants........................................................................................................49? Corrigenda, by V. K. Tuzov.............................................................................................505 Systematic check-list, by V. K. Tuzov.........................................................................509 References, by V. K. Tuzov..............................................................................................541 ABBREVIATIONS FW - forewing HW - hindwing UPS - upperside UNS - underside UPF - forewing upperside UNF - forewing underside UPH - hindwing upperside UNH - hindwing underside Mts. - mountains N. - north S. - south W. - west E. - east distr. - district pers. comm. - personal communication ssp. - subspecies f. - form ab. - aberration nom. praeoccup. - nomen praeoccupatum nom. nudum - nomen nudum S - male 9 - female TL - type locality ZMUM - Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Moscow SDM - State Darwin Museum, Moscow ZISP - Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg ZSBS - Zoologische Sammlungen des Bayerischen Staates, Munich ZMHB - Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitat, Berlin MNHP - Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris ZMK - Zoological Museum, Kiev ZIRK - Zoological Institute of the Republic Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata CN - chromosome number PREFACE The structure and sequence of presentation of material in this volume remains virtually the same as in Volume 1. Yet it seems noteworthy that the species consid­ ered here appear to often display pronounced sexual dimorphism. Hence, in order to avoid unnecessary complications in the “Similar species” sections, the differences are only given as based on male characters if not stated otherwise. Since the publication of Volume 1, a lot of additional information has been accumulated, allowing to augment the fauna with new (sub)species or clarify some identities. This information has found its place in the "Addenda” and "Checklist” chapters. The checklist reflects the opinion of V. Tuzov only, hence the treatment of the status of certain taxa does not necessarily coincide with the text presented by the respective author(s). In addition, the checklist omits the names considered as infrasubspecific categories or synonyms. Regrettably, Volume 1 appears to contain a few mistakes/misprints, all attempted to be corrected here in a “Corrigenda” chapter. We are grateful to those colleagues who have kindly sent us their remarks concerning Volume 1, viz., M. Nagamatulin (Lobytnangi, Russia), S. Abadjiev (Sofia, Bulgaria), A. Sviridov (Moscow, Russia), A. Ganson (Moscow, Russia), C. D. Ferris (Wyoming, USA), and T. C. Emmel (Florida, USA). Special thanks are due to keepers of institutional collections, viz., A. Lvovsky (ZISP) and I. Kostyuk (ZMK), as well as to those persons whose private material has been put at our disposal for comparative and/or illustration purposes. S. Churkin and L. Nikolaevsky have helped us not only with their important collections but also with kind advice. J. Hutsebaut, V. Tshikolovets, D. Weiss, S. Abadjiev and P. Gorbunov have helped us with bibliographic issues. The chapter "References” only includes the bibliography cited in the text, so it does not pretend to represent a complete list of bibliography, both faunistic and taxonomic, pertaining to the territo­ ries concerned. The references to papers published in Cyrillic languages have been supplied with parallel translations, mainly in English, only rarely transliterated. Family L I B Y T H E I D A E Boisduval, 1840 LIBYTHEA Fabricius, 1807 Libythea celtis (Laicharting, 1782) PI. 1, figs. 1-3. In: Fiissly. Arch. Insectengescb. (Heft 2); 1-3; Taf, 8, Abb 1-3; 3 [1783]: 1-4; Taf. 14. • TYPE LOCALITY. “Bolzano" (Italy], • RANGE. From S. Europe and N. Africa across Asia Minor to Korea. China and Japan. • DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION. The Crimea, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the Kopet-Dagh, the W. and N. Tian-Shan are populated by the nominotypical sub­ species. • HABITATS AND BIOLOGY. Foothill and montane zones up to 2,000 m a.s.l. Flight period: June to September. Host plants in Transcaucasia (Dantchenko, in press): Celtis glabrata; in the Crimea: C. australis. Hibernation imaginal. *- Fig. 1. Libythea ceitis Armenia Photo A. Dantchenko Family D A N A I D A E Boisduval, [1833] DANAUS Kluk, 1780 Danaus chrusippus (Linnaeus, 1758) PI. 1, figs. 4-6. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), 1:470. • TYPE LOCALITY. Egypt. • SYNONYMS: aegyptus (Schroeder, 1759); chrysippe (Htibner, [1816]). • RANGE. Palaearctic (south), Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian regions. • DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION. Active migrant, migratory specimens often observed in Middle Asia (Kopet-Dagh, Turan up to Aral Sea), also recorded in Transcaucasia (Nakhichevan and Lenkoran). • HABITATS AND BIOLOGY. Open landscapes such as valleys, deserts and/or borders of riparian forests. Flight period: individual specimens in spring (April to May) but in September to October much more numerous. Host plants (Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984): different species of Asclepiadaceae: Asclepias, Cyrianchurn, Gomphocarpus, Metaplexis, etc. PARANTICA Moore, [1880] Parantica sita (Kollar, [1844]) PI. 1; figs. 7-9. In: Hugel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Seik, 4: 424, Taf. 6. • TYPE LOCALITY. Mussoorie, N. India. • SYNONYM: tytia (Gray, 1846). • RANGE. Ussuri region, Sakhalin; N. India and Nepal to Tibet, Indodiina, Taiwan, Korea and Japan.

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etc. Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and Adjacent Territories (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Volume 2: Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, and Lycaenidae PDF

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Preview etc. Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and Adjacent Territories (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Volume 2: Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, and Lycaenidae

GUIDE ТО THE PENSOFT Series Faunistica No. 18 GUIDE TO THE BUTTERFLIES OF RUSSIA AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES (LEPIDOPTERA, RHOPALOCERA) VOLUME 2 Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae by V. K. Tuzov, P. V. Bogdanov, S. V. Churkin, A. V. Dantchenko, A. L. Devyatkin, V. S. Murzin, G. D. Samodurov, A. B. Zhdanko FETiSOFT Sofia - Moscow 2000 iT E N S O F T AN INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSE IN ALL FIELDS OF LIFE & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Address for correspondence: Distributed in Germany by: Distributed in Japan by: Dr. Lyubomir Penev Mr. Erich Bauer Bauer & Sato Japan Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 6 Antiquariat Goecke & Evers 1-24-1-22 Sengawa 1113 Sofia, BULGARIA Sportplatzweg 5 Chofu, Tokyo 182 Tel: +359-2-716451 D-75210 Keltern, GERMANY JAPAN Tel/Fax: +359-2-704508 Tel. 07236-7174 Tel. 03-3326-2291 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 07236-7325 Fax: 03-3326-4003 Website: www.pensoft.net E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] The authors’ addresses: Mr. Pavel V. Bogdanov State Darwin Museum Vavilova Str. 57, Moscow 117292, RUSSIA Mr. Sergei V. Churkin Yubileiny prospekt 14, apt. 168, Reutov Moscow Region 1413965, RUSSIA Mr. Alexei L. Devyatkin Moscow State University Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology Moscow 119899, RUSSIA Mr. Alexandr V. Dantchenko Avangardnaya Str. 11, apt. 160 Moscow 111395, RUSSIA Dr. Vladimir S. Murzin Leninsky prospekt 88, building 3, apt. 11 Moscow 117313, RUSSIA Mr Genrikh D. Samodurov Kalinin Str. 2, apt. 21, Korolev Moscow Region 141070, RUSSIA Dr. Vasily K. Tuzov Novocheremushkinskaya Str. 51, building 2 apt. 45, Moscow 117418, RUSSIA Dr. Alexandr B. Zhdanko Masanchi Str. 108, apt. 27 Alma-Ata 480072, KAZAKHSTAN A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Vasily K. Tuzov Scientific editors: Dr. Oleg G. Gorbunov and Alexandr V. Dantchenko Linguistic editor: Dr. Sergei I. Golovatch Design: Andrei V. Sotchivko Page layout, colour and graphic reproduction: Dr. Stanislav P. Abadjiev Production manager: Dr, Lyubomir D. Penev © PENSOFT Publishers All rights reserved First edition 2000 ISBN 954-642-095-6 Printed and bound in Sofia, Bulgaria, July 2000 CONTENTS Preface, by V. K. Tu zov........................................................................................................ 7 Family Libytheidae ............................................................................................................ 9 Genus Libythea, by V. K. T u zov................................................................................... 9 Family Danaidae ................................................................................................................... 10 Genus Danaus, by V. S. M urzin.................................................................................... 10 Genus Parantica, by V. S. Murzin.................................................................................. 10 Family Nymphalidae .......................................................................................................... 13 Genus Apatura, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................... 13 Genus Athymodes, by V. K. Tu zov............................................................................... 15 Genus Mimathyma, by V. K. Tuzov............................................................................... 15 Genus Sephisa, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................... 15 Genus Thaleropis, by V. K. Tuzov................................................................................. 16 Genus Limenitis, by V. S. M urzin................................................................................. 16 Genus Seokia, by V. S. M urzin...................................................................................... 20 Genus Neptis, by V. S. Murzin .................................................................................... . 20 Genus Aldania, by V. S. Murzin & V. K. Tuzov......................................................... 23 Genus Vanessa, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................... 24 Genus Inachis, by V. K. Tuzov........................................................................................ 26 Genus Polygonia, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................................... 26 Genus Nymphalis, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................................. 28 Genus Aglais, by V. S. Murzin ...................................................................................... 29 Genus Kaniska, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................... 32 Genus Araschriici, by V. K. Tuzov................................................................................. 32 Genus Argynnis, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................................... 33 Genus Issoria, by V. K. Tuzov........................................................................................ 40 Genus Brenthis, by V. K. Tuzov .................................................................................... 41 Genus Proclossiana, by P. V. Bogdanov...................................................................... 42 Genus Clossiana, by P. V. Bogdanov........................................................................... 43 Genus Boloria, by P. V. Bogdanov................................................................................. 52 Genus Euphydryas, by V. K. Tu zov............................................................................. 55 Genus Melitaea, by V. K. Tuzov & S. Churkin........................................................... 59 Genus Mellicta, by A. L. Devyatkin............................................................................... 76 Family Riodinidae .............................................................................................................. 83 Genus Hamearis, by V. S. Murzin ............................................................................... 83 Genus Polycaena, by V. S. M urzin............................................................................... 83 Family Lycaenidae........................................................................................................ 85 Genus Artopoetes, by A. V. Dantchenko .................................................................... 85 Genus Theda, by A. V. Dantchenko............................................................................. 86 Genus Shirozua, by A. V. Dantchenko......................................................................... 87 Genus Coreana, by А. V. Dantchenko ......................................................................... 87 Genus Ussuriana, by A. V. Dantchenko...................................................................... 88 Genus Protantigius, by A. V. Dantchenko.................................................................. 88 Genus Goldia, by A. V. Dantchenko............................................................................. 89 Genus Antigius, by A. V. Dantchenko ......................................................................... 89 Genus Wagimo, by A. V. Dantchenko........................................................................... 90 Genus Araragi, by A. V. Dantchenko........................................................................... 91 Genus Japonica, by A. V. Dantchenko.......................................................................... 91 Genus Neozephyrus, by A. V. Dantcbenko ..................................................................... 93 Genus Fauonius, by A. V. Dantchenko................................................................... 94 Genus Chrysozephyrus, by A. V. Dantchenko ............................................. 99 Genus Atara, by V. K. Tuzov........................................................................................101 Genus Cigaritis, by A. B. Zhdanko......................................................................... 102 Genus Armenia, by A. B. Zhdanko.............................................................................102 Genus Superjlua. by A. B. Zhdanko...................................................................... . 103 Genus Nordmannia, by A. B. Zhdanko............................................................... 104 Genus Neolycaena, by A. B. Zhdanko..................................................................,107 Genus Callophrys, by A. B. Zhdanko........................................................... 115 Genus Ahlbergia, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................. 118 Genus Tomcires, by A. B. Zhdanko....................................................................... . 120 Genus Lycaena, by G. D. Samodurov ................................................................ 123 Genus Heodes, by G. D. Samodurov.................................................................... . 124 Genus Thersamonolycaena, by G. D. Samodurov....................................... 125 Genus Thersamonia, by G. D. Samodurov & A. B. Zhdanko............................. . 127 Genus Phoenicurusia, by A. B. Zhdanko...................................................................130 Genus Ath.amanth.ia, by A. B. Zhdanko.....................................................................131 Genus Hyrcanana, by G. D. Samodurov & A. B. Zhdanko ....................................135 Genus Niphanda, by V. K. Tuzov ............................................................................136 Genus Lampides, by V. K. Tuzov ............................................................................ 137 Genus Lachides, by V. K. Tuzov........................................................................ 137 Genus Chilades, by V. K. Tuzov ..................................................................................138 Genus Leptotes, by V. K. Tuzov...................................................................................138 Genus Tarucus, by V. K. Tuzov..................................................................................138 Genus Cupido, by A. B. Zhdanko...............................................................................139 Genus Everes, by A. B. Zhdanko ......................................................................................... 142 Genus Tongeia, by A. B. Zhdanko ..........................................................................143 Genus Celastrina, by V. K. Tuzov............................................................................143 Genus Scolitantides, by V. K. Tuzov...........................................................................146 Genus Pseudophilotes, by A. V. Dantchenko & V. K. Tuzov....................................146 Genus Praephilotes, by A. B. Zhdanko.......................................................................147 Genus Otnjukouia, by A. B. Zhdanko.........................................................................148 Genus Turanana, by A. B. Zhdanko...........................................................................148 Genus Glaucopsyche, by A. B. Zhdanko ...................................................................151 Genus Iolana, by V. K. Tuzov.......................................................................................153 Genus Maculinea, by V. K. Tuzov................................................................................154 Genus Shijimiaeoides, by V. K. Tuzov .......................................................................157 Genus Patricius, by A. B. Zhdanko...................................................................... . 158 Genus Plebeius, by G. D. Samodurov, A. B. Zhdanko, V. K. Tuzov & A. V. Dantchenko.............................................................................158 Genus Plebejides, by G. D. Samodurov, A. B. Zhdanko & V. K. Tuzov...............................................................................................................169 Genus Umpria, by A. B. Zhdanko................................................................................171 Genus Eumedonia, by V. K. Tuzov..............................................................................171 Genus Aricia, by P. V. Bogdanov.................................................................................172 Genus Pseudoaricia, by P. V. Bogdanov.....................................................................174 Genus Ultraaricia, by P. V. Bogdanov.........................................................................174 Genus Cyaniris, by V. K. Tuzov....................................................................................175 Genus Alpherakya, by A. B. Zhdanko......................................................................176 Genus Farsia, by G. D. Samodurov..........................................................................177 Genus Vacciniina, by G. D, Samodurov.....................................................................179 Genus Rimisia. by G. D. Samodurov.........................................................................180 Genus Plebejidea, by G. D. Samodurov.....................................................................181 Genus Kretanici, by G. D. Samodurov.........................................................................182 Genus Neolysandra, by V. K. Tuzov..........................................................................182 Genus Albulina, by A. B. Zhdanko.............................................................................183 Genus Pamiria, by A. B. Zhdanko...............................................................................184 Genus Agriades, by V. K. Tuzov.................................................................................184 Genus Lysandra, by A. V. Dantchenko.....................................................................186 Genus Meleageria, by V. K. Tuzov .............................................................................189 Genus Polyommatus, by V. K. Tuzov, A. B. Zhdanko & A. V. Dantchenko......................................................................................................190 Genus Agrodiaetus, byA.V. Dantchenko...................................................................196 Addenda, by V. K. Tuzov & S. V. Churkin.....................................................................215 Colour plates, by A. V. Sotcbivko & V. K. Tuzov ........................................................223 List of illustrations, by V. K. Tuzov .............................................................................401 Index of Latin names of butterflies ...........................................................................473 Index of host plants........................................................................................................49? Corrigenda, by V. K. Tuzov.............................................................................................505 Systematic check-list, by V. K. Tuzov.........................................................................509 References, by V. K. Tuzov..............................................................................................541 ABBREVIATIONS FW - forewing HW - hindwing UPS - upperside UNS - underside UPF - forewing upperside UNF - forewing underside UPH - hindwing upperside UNH - hindwing underside Mts. - mountains N. - north S. - south W. - west E. - east distr. - district pers. comm. - personal communication ssp. - subspecies f. - form ab. - aberration nom. praeoccup. - nomen praeoccupatum nom. nudum - nomen nudum S - male 9 - female TL - type locality ZMUM - Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Moscow SDM - State Darwin Museum, Moscow ZISP - Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg ZSBS - Zoologische Sammlungen des Bayerischen Staates, Munich ZMHB - Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universitat, Berlin MNHP - Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris ZMK - Zoological Museum, Kiev ZIRK - Zoological Institute of the Republic Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata CN - chromosome number PREFACE The structure and sequence of presentation of material in this volume remains virtually the same as in Volume 1. Yet it seems noteworthy that the species consid­ ered here appear to often display pronounced sexual dimorphism. Hence, in order to avoid unnecessary complications in the “Similar species” sections, the differences are only given as based on male characters if not stated otherwise. Since the publication of Volume 1, a lot of additional information has been accumulated, allowing to augment the fauna with new (sub)species or clarify some identities. This information has found its place in the "Addenda” and "Checklist” chapters. The checklist reflects the opinion of V. Tuzov only, hence the treatment of the status of certain taxa does not necessarily coincide with the text presented by the respective author(s). In addition, the checklist omits the names considered as infrasubspecific categories or synonyms. Regrettably, Volume 1 appears to contain a few mistakes/misprints, all attempted to be corrected here in a “Corrigenda” chapter. We are grateful to those colleagues who have kindly sent us their remarks concerning Volume 1, viz., M. Nagamatulin (Lobytnangi, Russia), S. Abadjiev (Sofia, Bulgaria), A. Sviridov (Moscow, Russia), A. Ganson (Moscow, Russia), C. D. Ferris (Wyoming, USA), and T. C. Emmel (Florida, USA). Special thanks are due to keepers of institutional collections, viz., A. Lvovsky (ZISP) and I. Kostyuk (ZMK), as well as to those persons whose private material has been put at our disposal for comparative and/or illustration purposes. S. Churkin and L. Nikolaevsky have helped us not only with their important collections but also with kind advice. J. Hutsebaut, V. Tshikolovets, D. Weiss, S. Abadjiev and P. Gorbunov have helped us with bibliographic issues. The chapter "References” only includes the bibliography cited in the text, so it does not pretend to represent a complete list of bibliography, both faunistic and taxonomic, pertaining to the territo­ ries concerned. The references to papers published in Cyrillic languages have been supplied with parallel translations, mainly in English, only rarely transliterated. Family L I B Y T H E I D A E Boisduval, 1840 LIBYTHEA Fabricius, 1807 Libythea celtis (Laicharting, 1782) PI. 1, figs. 1-3. In: Fiissly. Arch. Insectengescb. (Heft 2); 1-3; Taf, 8, Abb 1-3; 3 [1783]: 1-4; Taf. 14. • TYPE LOCALITY. “Bolzano" (Italy], • RANGE. From S. Europe and N. Africa across Asia Minor to Korea. China and Japan. • DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION. The Crimea, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, the Kopet-Dagh, the W. and N. Tian-Shan are populated by the nominotypical sub­ species. • HABITATS AND BIOLOGY. Foothill and montane zones up to 2,000 m a.s.l. Flight period: June to September. Host plants in Transcaucasia (Dantchenko, in press): Celtis glabrata; in the Crimea: C. australis. Hibernation imaginal. *- Fig. 1. Libythea ceitis Armenia Photo A. Dantchenko Family D A N A I D A E Boisduval, [1833] DANAUS Kluk, 1780 Danaus chrusippus (Linnaeus, 1758) PI. 1, figs. 4-6. Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), 1:470. • TYPE LOCALITY. Egypt. • SYNONYMS: aegyptus (Schroeder, 1759); chrysippe (Htibner, [1816]). • RANGE. Palaearctic (south), Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian regions. • DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION. Active migrant, migratory specimens often observed in Middle Asia (Kopet-Dagh, Turan up to Aral Sea), also recorded in Transcaucasia (Nakhichevan and Lenkoran). • HABITATS AND BIOLOGY. Open landscapes such as valleys, deserts and/or borders of riparian forests. Flight period: individual specimens in spring (April to May) but in September to October much more numerous. Host plants (Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984): different species of Asclepiadaceae: Asclepias, Cyrianchurn, Gomphocarpus, Metaplexis, etc. PARANTICA Moore, [1880] Parantica sita (Kollar, [1844]) PI. 1; figs. 7-9. In: Hugel, Kaschmir und das Reich der Seik, 4: 424, Taf. 6. • TYPE LOCALITY. Mussoorie, N. India. • SYNONYM: tytia (Gray, 1846). • RANGE. Ussuri region, Sakhalin; N. India and Nepal to Tibet, Indodiina, Taiwan, Korea and Japan.

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