Estimating in building construction

361 Pages·2015·20.82 MB·English

by  Peterson

Estimating in Building Construction
E E
ighth dition
Steven J. Peterson
Weber State University
Frank R. Dagostino
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River
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To my father for encouraging me to get an education and
my mother for her loving support. SP
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Peterson, Steven J.
Estimating in building construction/Steven J. Peterson, Weber State University, Frank R. Dagostino.—Eighth edition.
pages cm
Previous edition by Frank R. Dagostino, Steven J. Peterson.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-343110-0 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-13-343110-X (alk. paper)
1. Building—Estimates. 2. Building—Estimates—Data processing. I. Dagostino, Frank R. Estimating in building
construction. II. Title.
TH435.D18 2015
692’.5—dc23
2013034476
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN-10: 0-13-343110-X
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-343110-0
PREFACE
T
Estimating problems using a building information model
for a wood-framed office building (included on the
he eighth edition continues to build on the strong
companion website) have been included in the problem
foundation of the previous editions. The need for
sets of many of the chapters.
estimators to understand the theory behind quan-
tification is critical and must be fully understood prior to ● A discussion of Fair Labor Standards Act and
Davis-Bacon Act has been added to Chapter 7.
performing any computerized estimating. This underlying
premise has been one of the guiding principles that began ● Chapter 8 has been rewritten to provide a more thorough
discussion of equipment costs.
with Mr. Dagostino and continues with the current author.
This edition uses extensive examples and exercises to dem- ● Chapter 17 has been rewritten to provide a more
thorough discussion of estimating electrical.
onstrate the estimating methodology and the organization
of the estimate. Estimating is an art that relies heavily on the ● Chapter 18 has been rewritten to provide a more
thorough discussion of estimating plumbing, including
judgment of the person performing the takeoff. A person’s
fire sprinklers.
estimating skills can only be developed with practice; there-
fore, the reader is encouraged to work the example problems ● Chapter 19 has been rewritten to provide a more
thorough discussion of estimating HVAC.
and apply the skills taught in this book. Since the estimate is
used throughout the project, the assumptions and method- ● Chapter 20 has been rewritten to provide a more
thorough discussion of profit.
ologies assumed must be documented and organized so that
subsequent users will have access to this knowledge. ● A bid simulation has been added to the instructor
resource materials. Student instructions for the bid
simulation are found in Appendix H.All supplementary
NEW TO THIS EDITION plans for the Appendices can be found at the Pearson
Careers Resources for Students website (http://www.
The intent of this revision is to expand the estimating mate-
pearsonhighered.com/careersresources/) by searching
rial covered by this book and to bring other material in line
for the book by title or going to Browse by Discipline and
with current industry practices. The following is a list of key
choosing Civil and Construction Technology.
changes and additions that have been made to this edition:
I thank the following for their insightful reviews: Stuart
● Over 200 problems have been added to the chapters.
Bernstein, University of Nebraska; Daniel Castro, Georgia
● Chapter 4 has been rewritten to give the reader a better
Institute of Technology–Atlanta; Soon-Jae Lee, Texas
overview of the estimating process.
State University; and Charles Parker, East Tennessee State
● A discussion of the use of building information modeling
University.
(BIM) in estimating has been added to Chapter 5.
Steven Peterson
iii
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cOntentS
Unit-Price Agreement 13
chapter 1
Cost-Plus-Fee Agreements 14
IntrOductIOn tO eStIMatInG 1
2–3 agreement Provisions 15
1–1 General Introduction 1
2–4 Bonds 16
1–2 estimating Methods 2 Bid Bond 16
Detailed Estimate 2 Performance Bond 16
Assembly Estimating 2 Payment Bond 17
Square-Foot Estimates 3
2–5 Obtaining Bonds 17
Parametric Estimates 3
2–6 Insurance 18
Model Estimating 3
Project Comparison Estimates 4 Web resources 19
1–3 estimating Opportunities 4 review Questions 19

1–4 the estimator 6 chapter 3
1–5 Quantity Surveying 7
PrOject Manual 20
1–6 types of Bids 8
3–1 Introduction 20
1–7 contract documents 8
3–2 construction Specifications
1–8 Bidding Information 9 Institute 20
1–9 availability of contract documents 9 3–3 Invitation to Bid (advertisement
for Bids) 23
1–10 Sources of estimating Information 9
3–4 Instructions to Bidders (Information
Web resources 11
for Bidders) 24
review Questions 11
3–5 Bid (Proposal) forms 26

chapter 2 3–6 form of Owner/contractor
agreement 26
cOntractS, BOndS, and InSurance 12
3–7 General conditions 26
2–1 the contract System 12
3–8 Supplementary General conditions 26
2–2 types of agreements 12
3–9 Specifications 27
Lump-Sum Agreement (Stipulated Sum,
Fixed Price) 13 3–10 alternates 27
v
vi cOntentS
3–11 addenda 27 Web resources 65
3–12 errors in the Specifications 28 review Questions 65

Web resources 29 chapter 6
review Questions 29
Overhead and cOntInGencIeS 66

6–1 Overhead 66
chapter 4
6–2 home Office Overhead 66
the eStIMate 31
6–3 job Overhead (General conditions,
4–1 roll of estimating 31 direct Overhead) 68
4–2 Organization 31 6–4 Scheduling 70
4–3 notebook 31 6–5 contingencies 71
4–4 to Bid or not to Bid 32 6–6 checklist 73
Undistributed Labor 73
4–5 Planning the estimate 32
Temporary Buildings, Enclosures, and Facilities 73
4–6 Site Investigation 35
Temporary Office 73
4–7 Quantity takeoff 35 Barricades and Signal Lights 73
4–8 Materials 36 Temporary Utilities 74
Repairs and Protection 74
4–9 labor 37
Relocating Utilities 74
4–10 equipment 37
Cleaning 74
4–11 Specialty contractors 37 Permits 74
Professional Services 75
4–12 Overhead and contingencies 39
Labor Burdens and Taxes 75
4–13 Profit and home Office costs 41
Bonds and Insurance 75
4–14 Workup Sheets 41 Miscellaneous Equipment and Services 75
4–15 Summary Sheet 42 Web resources 75
4–16 errors and Omissions 42 review Questions 75

Web resources 45 chapter 7
review Questions 45
laBOr 77

chapter 5 7–1 labor hours and Productivity 77
7–2 fair labor Standards act 80
cOMPuterS In eStIMatInG 46
7–3 davis-Bacon act 81
5–1 Overview 46
7–4 unions—Wages and rules 86
5–2 Benefits and dangers of computerized
7–5 Open Shop 87
estimating 46
7–6 labor Burden 87
5–3 Spreadsheets 47
7–7 Pricing labor 89
5–4 Specialized estimating Software 47
Web resources 91
5–5 takeoff Software 49
review Questions 91
5–6 Building Information Modeling (BIM) 50

Model Creation 50 chapter 8
Limitations and Potential Problems 51
eQuIPMent 93
Uses in Estimating 54
8–1 General 93
Will BIM Change the Way Estimates are Prepared? 54
Extracting Quantities from Revit 55 8–2 equipment Productivity 93
Exporting Quantities to Excel 61 8–3 Operating costs 94
cOntentS vii

8–4 Ownership costs 95 chapter 10
8–5 leasing costs 98 cOncrete 136
8–6 rental costs 98 10–1 concrete Work 136
8–7 Miscellaneous tools 99 10–2 estimating concrete 136
8–8 cost accounting 99 10–3 reinforcing 144
10–4 vapor retarder 151
8–9 Mobilization 99
10–5 accessories 152
8–10 checklist 99
10–6 concrete finishing 152
review Questions 99
10–7 curing 154

chapter 9 10–8 transporting concrete 155
excavatIOn 101 10–9 forms 155
9–1 General 101 10–10 form liners 157
9–2 Specifications 101 10–11 checklist 158
9–3 Soil 101 10–12 Precast concrete 158
10–13 Specifications 159
9–4 calculating excavation 101
10–14 estimating 159
9–5 equipment 102
10–15 Precast tees 160
9–6 earthwork—new Site Grades
and rough Grading 103 10–16 Precast Slabs 160
Cross-Section Method 104
10–17 Precast Beams and columns 161
Average End Area 111
10–18 Miscellaneous Precast 161
9–7 Perimeter and area 113
10–19 Precast costs 161
9–8 topsoil removal 114
10–20 Precast checklist 162
9–9 General excavation 116
Web resources 162
9–10 Special excavation 120 review Questions 162
9–11 Backfilling 120
chapter 11
9–12 excess and Borrow 122
MaSOnry 168
9–13 Spreading topsoil, finish
Grade 122 11–1 General 168
11–2 Specifications 168
9–14 landscaping 122
11–3 labor 168
9–15 Pumping (dewatering) 123
11–4 Bonds (Patterns) 168
9–16 rock excavation 123
11–5 concrete Masonry 169
9–17 Subcontractors 123
Concrete Block 169
9–18 excavation checklist 123
11–6 Specifications—concrete Masonry 170
9–19 Piles 124
11–7 estimating—concrete Masonry 171
9–20 Pile checklist 125
11–8 clay Masonry 174
9–21 asphalt Paving 125 11–9 Specifications—Brick 174
Web resources 126 11–10 estimating Brick 175
review Questions 126 11–11 Specifications—tile 175
viii cOntentS
11–12 estimating tile 176 13–8 labor 223
11–13 Stone Masonry 177 13–9 Wood Systems 224
11–14 Specifications—Stone 177 13–10 Wood trusses 224
11–15 estimating Stone 177 13–11 laminated Beams and arches 226
11–16 Mortar 178 13–12 Wood decking 226
11–17 accessories 178 13–13 Plywood Systems 227
11–18 reinforcing Bars 181 13–14 Wood checklist 227
11–19 cleaning 181 Web resources 228
11–20 equipment 181 review Questions 228
11–21 cold Weather 182
chapter 14
11–22 Subcontractors 182
therMal and MOISture
11–23 checklist 183
PrOtectIOn 232
Web resources 183
14–1 Waterproofing 232
review Questions 183
14–2 Membrane Waterproofing 232

chapter 12 14–3 Integral Method 233
MetalS 186 14–4 Metallic Method 234
12–1 General 186 14–5 dampproofing 234
12–2 Structural Metal 186 14–6 Painting Method 234
12–3 Structural Metal framing 186 14–7 Parging (Plastering) 235
12–4 Metal joists 190 14–8 Insulation 235
12–5 Metal decking 194 14–9 roofing 237
12–6 Miscellaneous Structural Metal 195 14–10 roof areas 237
12–7 Metal erection Subcontractors 196 14–11 Shingles 238
Asphalt Shingles 238
12–8 Miscellaneous Metals 196
Wood Shingles 238
12–9 Metal checklist 196
14–12 Built-up roofing 239
Web resources 196
14–13 corrugated Sheets (Including
review Questions 196
ribbed, v-Beam) 240

chapter 13 14–14 Metal roofing 240
WOOd 199 14–15 Slate 240
13–1 frame construction 199 14–16 tile 240
13–2 Board Measure 199 14–17 Sheets, tile, and Shingles
formula 241
13–3 floor framing 200
14–18 liquid roofing 241
13–4 Wall framing 210
14–19 flashing 241
Exterior Walls 210
Interior Walls 217 14–20 Insulation 241
13–5 ceiling assembly 218 14–21 roofing trim 241
13–6 roof assembly 220 14–22 labor 242
13–7 trim 223 14–23 equipment 242
cOntentS ix
14–24 checklist 242 Web resources 276
Web resources 242 review Questions 276
review Questions 242
chapter 17

chapter 15
electrIcal 280
dOOrS and WIndOWS 248 17–1 electrical Work 280
15–1 Window and curtain Wall frames 248 17–2 Single contracts 280
15–2 accessories 251 17–3 Separate contracts 281
15–3 doors 252 17–4 coordination requirements 281
15–4 Prefitting and Machining (Premachining) 17–5 electrical estimates 282
doors 254
17–6 electrical estimates using
15–5 Prefinishing doors 255 assemblies 283
15–6 door frames 256 17–7 detailed electrical estimates 284
15–7 hardware 256 17–8 conduit and Wiring 286
15–8 accessories 256 17–9 checklist 288
15–9 checklist for doors and frames 256 review Questions 289
15–10 Glass 257
chapter 18
review Questions 257
PluMBInG 290
chapter 16
18–1 Plumbing Work 290
fInISheS 259
18–2 Single contracts 290
16–1 drywall and Wetwall construction 259
18–3 Separate contracts 290
16–2 Supporting construction 259
18–4 coordination requirements 291
16–3 Suspended ceiling Systems 262
18–5 Plumbing estimates 291
16–4 types of assemblies 262
18–6 Plumbing estimates using
16–5 Wallboard types 263 assemblies 291
16–6 drywall Partitions 264 18–7 detailed Plumbing estimates 292
16–7 column fireproofing 264 18–8 Piping 293
16–8 accessories 264 18–9 fire Sprinklers 295
16–9 Wetwall construction 267 18–10 checklist 297
16–10 Plaster 267 review Questions 297
16–11 lath 268
chapter 19
16–12 accessories 270
heatInG, ventIlatInG, and
16–13 flooring 270
aIr-cOndItIOnInG 299
Wood Flooring 270
19–1 hvac Work (heating, ventilating,
Laminate Flooring 271
and  air-conditioning) 299
Resilient Flooring 271
19–2 Single contracts 299
Carpeting 273
Tile 274 19–3 Separate contracts 299
16–14 Painting 275 19–4 coordination requirements 300
16–15 finishes checklist 276 19–5 hvac estimates 300