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Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. E R C STIMATING FOR ESIDENTIAL ONSTRUCTION S e c o n d E d i t i o n Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. E STIMATING FOR R ESIDENTIAL C ONSTRUCTION S E C O N D E D I T I O N David J. Pratt Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Estimating for Residential Construction, 2E © 2012, 2006 Delmar, Cengage Learning David J. Pratt ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 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Marketing Director: Deborah Yarnell Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to [email protected] Marketing Manager: Katie Hall Marketing Coordinator: Mark Pierro Library of Congress Control Number: 2011920495 Production Director: Wendy Troeger ISBN-13: 978-1-1113-0887-2 Production Manager: Mark Bernard Senior Content Project Manager: David ISBN-10: 1-1113-0887-X Plagenza Senior Art Director: Casey Kirchmayer Delmar Technology Project Manager: Joe Pliss 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 Compositor: MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local offi ce at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. 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Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. C ONTENTS Preface xi Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING COST ESTIMATES 1 Objectives 1 Key Terms 1 Introduction 2 Estimates in the Residential Construction Industry 2 Builders and Residential Markets 2 Types of Contract 4 Uses of Estimates 5 Methods of Estimating 8 Architects and Designers 12 Green Building and Sustainable Construction 13 Drawings and Specifi cations 15 Soils Reports 15 Site Visits 16 Summary 18 Recommended Resources 19 Review Questions 20 Practice Problems 20 Chapter 2 ARITHMETIC AND PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT 21 Objectives 21 Key Terms 21 Introduction 21 The Quantity Takeoff 34 Computer Estimating 39 Summary 43 Recommended Resources 44 Review Questions 44 Practice Problems 44 Chapter 3 MEASURING EXCAVATION AND SITEWORK 47 Objectives 47 Key Terms 47 Introduction 47 v Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. vi CONTENTS Measuring Sitework and Excavation Work Generally 48 Measuring Notes 59 Site Utilities 59 Example of Sitework Takeoff 60 Summary 71 Recommended Resources 72 Review Questions 72 Practice Problems 73 Chapter 4 MEASURING CONCRETE WORK 77 Objectives 77 Key Terms 77 Introduction 77 Measuring Notes—Concrete 78 Measuring Formwork Generally 80 Measuring Notes—Formwork 80 Measuring Notes—Finishes and Miscellaneous Concrete Work 82 Example of Concrete Work Takeoff 83 Summary 87 Recommended Resources 87 Review Questions 88 Practice Problems 88 Chapter 5 MEASURING CARPENTRY WORK 91 Objectives 91 Key Terms 91 Introduction 91 Measuring Rough Carpentry 92 Measuring Notes—Rough Carpentry 93 Measuring Finish Carpentry and Millwork 95 Measuring Notes—Finish Carpentry 95 Measuring Notes—Doors and Frames 96 Measuring Notes—Windows 96 Measuring Notes—Bathroom Accessories 96 Measuring Notes—Finish Hardware 97 Example of Rough Carpentry Floor System Takeoff 97 Example of Wall System Takeoff 100 Example of Roof System Takeoff 106 Example of Finish Carpentry Takeoff 108 Example of a Dormer Roof System Takeoff 108 Summary 117 Recommended Resources 117 Review Questions 117 Practice Problems 118 Chapter 6 MEASURING MASONRY AND FINISHES 119 Objectives 119 Key Terms 119 Introduction 119 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. CONTENTS vii Measuring Masonry Work 120 Measuring Exterior and Interior Finishes 130 Example of Interior Finishes Takeoff 136 Summary 139 Recommended Resources 140 Review Questions 140 Practice Problems 141 Chapter 7 ESTIMATING PLUMBING, HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC), AND ELECTRICAL WORK 143 Objectives 143 Key Terms 143 Introduction 144 Plumbing Work Generally 144 HVAC Work Generally 145 Electrical Work Generally 146 Pricing the Work 147 Estimating Shortcuts 147 Summary 150 Recommended Resources 150 Review Questions 150 Practice Problems 151 Chapter 8 PRICING GENERAL EXPENSES 153 Objectives 153 Key Terms 153 Introduction 153 Project Schedule 155 General Expenses 157 Green Building Provisions 164 Other General Expenses 165 Add-Ons 166 Example of General Expenses Pricing 168 Summary 171 Recommended Resources 171 Review Questions 172 Practice Problems 172 Chapter 9 PRICING THE WORK 173 Objectives 173 Key Terms 173 Introduction 173 Homebuilder’s Risk 175 Pricing Labor and Equipment 176 Bid Pricing Strategies 182 Preparing Bill of Materials 182 Pricing Materials Generally 184 Pricing Backfi ll and Gravel Materials 185 Pricing Concrete Materials 188 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. viii CONTENTS Pricing Carpentry Materials 190 Pricing Subcontractor’s Work 192 Example of Recap and Pricing for House Example 194 Example of Bill of Materials 199 Summary 202 Recommended Resources 203 Review Questions 203 Practice Problems 204 Chapter 10 PRICING EQUIPMENT 205 Objectives 205 Key Terms 205 Introduction 205 Summary 219 Recommended Resources 220 Review Questions 220 Practice Problems 220 Chapter 11 SUBCONTRACTOR WORK 223 Objectives 223 Key Terms 223 Introduction 223 Managing Subcontract Pricing Procedures 225 List of Subtrades for a Bid 225 Contacting Subtrades 227 Unknown Subtrades 227 Unsolicited Subtrade Bids 227 Evaluating Subcontractors 228 Bonding of Subtrades 229 Pre-Bid Subtrade Proposals 229 Analyzing Subtrade Bids 230 Scope of Work 231 Summary 233 Recommended Resources 234 Review Questions 234 Practice Problems 235 Chapter 12 ESTIMATE SUMMARIES AND BIDS 237 Objectives 237 Key Terms 237 Introduction 237 In Advance of Bid Closing 242 The Bid Form 242 Alternative Prices 245 Allowances 245 Bid Security 246 Owner’s Bid Conditions 247 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.