Estates and Constitution: The Parliament in Eighteenth-Century Hungary

363 Pages·2020·3.66 MB·English

by  István M. Szijártó

ESTATES AND CONSTITUTION
AUSTRIAN AND HABSBURG STUDIES
General Editor: Howard Louthan, Center for Austrian Studies,
University of Minnesota
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Estates and Constitution: Th e Parliament Nationalism Revisited: Austrian Social
in Eighteenth-Century Hungary Closure from Romanticism to the Digital Age
István M. Szijártó Christian Karner
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Antisemitism in Galicia: Agitation, Entangled Entertainers: Jews and Popular
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in the Late Habsburg Monarchy Klaus Hödl
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austrian-habsburg-studies
E
STATES AND
C
ONSTITUTION
e Parliament in
Th
Eighteenth-Century Hungary
d
István M. Szijártó
Translated from the Hungarian by David Robert Evans
berghahn
N E W Y O R K • O X F O R D
www.berghahnbooks.com
First published in 2020 by
Berghahn Books
www.berghahnbooks.com
© 2020 István M. Szijártó
Th is book was produced under the auspices of the Research Centre
for the Humanities of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
and with the support of the National Bank of Hungary.
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages
for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented,
without written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Szijártó, István M., 1965– author. | Evans, David Robert, translator.
Title: Estates and Constitution: Th e Parliament in Eighteenth-Century Hungary /
István M. Szijártó; translated from the Hungarian by David Robert Evans.
Other titles: 18. századi Magyarország rendi országgyűlése. English
Description: First edition. | New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2020. | Series:
Austrian and Habsburg Studies; volume 30 | Includes bibliographical references
and index.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2020018307 (print) | LCCN 2020018308 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781789208795 (hardback) | ISBN 9781789208801 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Hungary—Politics and government—18th century. | Hungary.
Országgyűlés—History. | Political participation—Hungary—History—18th
century.
Classifi cation: LCC JN2121 .S9713 2020 (print) | LCC JN2121 (ebook) | DDC
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78920-879-5 hardback
ISBN 978-1-78920-880-1 ebook
In memoriam
Keith Robbins

CONTENTS
d
List of Illustrations viii
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
Part I. Th e Frameworks 9
Chapter 1. Th e Dualism of King and Estates 11
Chapter 2. Th e Workings of the Machinery of the Diet 29
Part II. Th e Structures of Politics 77
Chapter 3. Th e Dualism of King and Estates Dominated by
Confessional Questions 79
Chapter 4. Taxes and Privileges 92
Chapter 5. Government and Opposition at the Diet 116
Chapter 6. Career Paths at the Diet 145
Chapter 7. Realignments on the Estates’ Side of the Political Arena 177
Part III. Interpreting Hungarian Politics in the Eighteenth Century 207
Chapter 8. Texts and Discourse 209
Chapter 9. County and Gentry 275
Chapter 10. Historiographical Traditions and European Comparisons 300
Bibliography 312
Index 343
ILLUSTRATIONS
d
Figures
0.1. Presenting the infant Joseph II to the Hungarian estates at the
diet in 1741 in Pressburg Castle, painted by Franz Messmer and
Wenzel Pohl (1768), in the council room of the former Hungarian
Royal Court Chancellery in Vienna. Photo by Bettina Neubauer-
Pregl, BDA. Courtesy of Cantat Heritage & Innovation GmbH. 3
1.1. Count János V. Pálff y (1663–1751), by an unidentifi ed painter,
in the Rákóczi Museum, Sárospatak Castle. Hungarian National
Portrait Foundation. Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons,
public domain. 19
2.1. Coronation of Maria Th eresa, 1741, Pressburg, painted by
Johann Daniel Herz Sr. Bratislava City Gallery. Reproduced
from Wikimedia Commons, public domain. 34
2.2. Primate of the Hungarian Catholic Church, archbishop of
Esztergom, Christian August, Prince of Saxe-Zeitz (1666–1725),
engraved by Jeremias Gottlob Rugendas (probably in 1740 or
1741). Courtesy of the University Library and Archives of Eötvös
Loránd University (Budapest), KEP07665. 37
2.3. A view of Pressburg, engraved by F. B. Werner and I. C. Leopold.
Published in Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geopraphica: Tomus
primus by Matthias Bel (Vienna, 1735). Reproduced from
Wikimedia Commons, public domain. 62
2.4. A view of Buda, engraved by Samuel Mikoviny. Published in
Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geopraphica: Tomus tertius by
Matthias Bel (Vienna, 1737). Reproduced from Wikimedia
Commons, public domain. 64
Illustrations | ix
3.1. Prince Primate of the Hungarian Catholic Church, archbishop
of Esztergom, formerly bishop of Zagreb, Count Imre Esterházy
(1663–1745), engraved by Jeremias Gottlob Rugendas (1740 or
1741). Courtesy of the University Library and Archives of Eötvös
Loránd University (Budapest), KEP07662. 87
4.1. Maria Th eresa as Queen of Hungary (1740–80) by unidentifi ed
painter (1741), in the Castle of Eggenberg. Reproduced from
Wikimedia Commons, public domain. 100
5.1. Count Antal Grassalkovich (1694–1771) (far left) as an accessory
fi gure in the Maria Th eresa monument (1874–88) by Kaspar von
Zumbusch, with Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz in the
foreground. Vienna, Maria-Th eresien-Platz. Photo by Andreas
Praefcke, CC BY 3.0. Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons. 119
6.1. Lord Chief Justice Count György Fekete (1711–1788), earlier
personalis, by an unidentifi ed painter. Kiscelli Museum, Budapest.
Photo by Szilas. Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons, public
domain. 163
7.1. Lord Chief Justice József Ürményi (1741–1825), earlier personalis,
by an unidentifi ed painter. Kiscelli Museum, Budapest. Photo by
Szilas. Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons, public domain. 185
8.1. Emperor Charles VI, painted by Jakob Michel (1712).
Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons, public domain. 212
8.2. Portrait of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II in fi eld marshal’s
uniform with medals, by an unidentifi ed painter (unknown
collection). Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons, public
domain. 215
8.3. Maria Th eresa as Queen of Hungary on the Coronation Hill in
Pressburg, painted by C. Hirsch Jr. (c. 1750). Bratislava City
Gallery. Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons, public domain. 218
8.4. Portrait of Emperor Joseph II, attributed to Anton von Maron.
Palace of Versailles. Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons,
public domain. 220
10.1. New map of the Kingdom of Hungary with its fortresses,
engraved by Daniel de la Feuille (1706). Published in
Geographisch Toneel of uitgezochte kaarten: Tot gemak der Offi cieren,
Reisigers en Liefhebbers by Johannes Ratelband, Amsterdam, 1747.
Reproduced from Wikimedia Commons, public domain. 304