Essentials of Philosophy: The Basic Concepts of the World's Greatest Thinkers PDF
Preview Essentials of Philosophy: The Basic Concepts of the World's Greatest Thinkers
Essentials of Philosophy THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE WORLD'S GREATEST THINKERS ARISTOTLE LUTHER CALVIN DESCARTES HOBBES SPINOZA LEJBNIZ LOCKE HUME MONTESQUIEU VOLTAIRE KANT HEGEL NIETZSCHE CAMUS BENTHAM MILL EMERSON DERRIDA RUSSELL JAMES MANNION THOREAU KIERKEGAARD JUNG FREUD MARX Essentials of Philosophy fyou'vealwayswantedtolearnabout i philosophy but were too intimidated to get past the first word ending in "ism," EssentialsofPhilosophyprovides simple and clear explanations of all the majorphilosophic ideasandconcepts. This entertaining but authoritative book offers a broad overview of many — diverse schools ofthought from antiq- uityupthroughthepresentday. Inplain English,authorJames Mannionexplains — alloftheworld'sgreatphilosophies and evenprovidescontemporaryexamplesto helpputthem inperspective. Interspersed throughout the text are fascinating sidebars that offer helpful hints toward understanding complex concepts—from Ockham's Razor to Kant's claim that "perception is reali- — ty" andalsoprovidelittle-knownfacts about the lives of great philosophers such as Socrates and Descartes. (continuedon thebackflap) Essentials of Philosophy Essentials of Philosophy The basic concepts of the world's greatest thinkers James Mannion Barnes &Noble NEW YORK ©2002,2006byJamesMannion This2006editionpublishedbyBarnes&NoblePublishing,Inc. byarrangementwithF+WPublications,Inc. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise, withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. 2006Barnes&NoblePublishing ISBN-13:978-0-7607-8180-7 ISBN-10:0-7607-8180-X PrintedandboundinChina 13579 8642 10 Contents Introduction xi Chapter 1 It'sGreekto Me l PresocraticEfforts 2 Pluralists:AllKindsofStuff 6 LeucippusandDemocritus:TheAtomicDuo 7 SpinCity-States:TheSophists 8 Chapter2 TheThree Sages: Socrates, Plato, andAristotle n Socrates 12 Plato 18 Plato'sRepublic 21 Aristotle 22 Chapter3 The Declineand Fall ofthe HellenisticPeriod 27 TheEndofGreekProminence 28 TheCynics 28 Epicureanism:ThePleasurePrinciple 30 Stoicism 33 Skepticism:PerceptionIsReality 36 CiceroandtheEclectics 37 Neoplatonism:EndofanEpoch 39 Chapter4 TheMedieval Mind 41 TheChristianChurchandPhilosophy 42 AugustineofHippo 43 Anselm'sOntologicalArgument 45 ThomasAquinas 46 JohnDunsScotus 49 RogerBacon 50 WilliamofOckham 50 ESSENTIALS OF PHILOSOPHY Chapter5 TheRenaissancePeriod 53 CreativityAbounds 54 CosimodeMedici 54 NicholasofCusa 55 BernardinoTelesio 55 GiordanoBruno 56 NiccoloMachiavelli 57 Chapter6 Humanism 59 What'sItAllAbout? 60 FrancescoPetrarca 60 DesideriusErasmus 61 SirThomasMore 61 Chapter7 TheProtestantReformation 63 TheFalloftheCatholicChurch 64 MartinLuther 64 JohnCalvin 65 TheCatholicCounter-Reformation 67 Chapter8 TheScientificRevolution 69 TheHeliocentricTheory 70 TheReturnofSkepticism 71 TheInventionofthePrintingPress 71 Chapter9 Approaching ModernTimes 73 FrancisBacon 74 ReneDescartes 75 ThomasHobbes 77 BaruchSpinoza 79 GottfriedLeibniz 80
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