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Essentials of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Essentials of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Edited by M. Anthony (Tony) Pogrel DDS, MD, FRCS, FACS Professor and Chair Associate Dean for Hospital Affairs Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of California, San Francisco USA Karl-Erik Kahnberg DDS, PhD, DrOdont Professor Emeritus, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden Lars Andersson DDS, PhD, DrOdont Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chairman, Department of Surgical Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Health Sciences Center Kuwait University Kuwait This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered office: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 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No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essentials of oral and maxillofacial surgery / edited by M. Anthony (Tony) Pogrel, Karl-Erik Kahnberg, Lars Andersson. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-7623-1 (pbk.) I. Pogrel, M. Anthony, editor of compilation. II. Kahnberg, Karl-Erik, editor of compilation. III. Andersson, L. (Lars), 1950- editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Oral Surgical Procedures–methods. 2. Stomatognathic System–surgery. WU 600] RK501 617.6’05–dc23 2014001169 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover image: © Yegor Tsyba/iStockphoto Cover design by Garth Stewart Set in 9.5/12 pt Palatino LT Std by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited, Hong Kong 1 2014 Contents List of Contributors vii Preface xiii About the companion website xiv Part 1 Basic Principles 1 Section Editor: Tony Pogrel 1 Patient Evaluation 3 2 Radiographic Imaging in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 7 3 Local Anesthesia 15 4 Dentofacial Infection 24 5 Armamentarium for Basic Procedures 37 6 Basic Surgical Principles 44 7 Complications Associated with Dentoalveolar Surgery 53 Part 2 Dentoalveolar Surgery 61 Section Editor: Lars Andersson 8 Extraction of Teeth 63 9 Management of Impacted Teeth 77 10 Nerve Involvement in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 100 11 Autotransplantation of Teeth 107 12 Endodontic Surgery 113 13 Preprosthetic and Oral Soft Tissue Surgery 117 Part 3 Implant Surgery 125 Section Editor: Karl-Erik Kahnberg 14 Implantology 127 15 Optimal Implant Placement in the Esthetic Zone by the Use of Guided Bone Regeneration 141 16 Implant Placement in the Posterior Mandible 150 17 Use of Autogenous Bone Material for Implant Rehabilitation in the Bone Deficient Maxilla 161 18 Biomaterials for Bone Replacement in Implant Surgery 174 v vi Contents Part 4 Oral Pathologic Lesions 185 Section Editor: Tony Pogrel 19 Initial Evaluation and Management of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Patient 187 20 Cystic Lesions of the Jaws 195 21 Odontogenic and Non-odontogenic Tumors of the Jaws 201 22 Potentially Malignant Disorders of the Oral Mucosa 229 23 Principles of Oral Cancer Management 235 24 Management of Patients Undergoing Radiation and Chemotherapy 240 25 Salivary Gland Disorders 245 Part 5 Trauma 253 Section Editor: Lars Andersson Introduction: Oral and Maxillofacial Traumatology 255 26 Traumatic Dental Injuries 257 27 Maxillofacial Bone Fractures 274 28 Soft Tissue Injuries 288 Part 6 Dentofacial Deformities 295 Section Editor: Karl-Erik Kahnberg 29 Cleft Lip and Palate: An Overview 297 30 Correction of Dentofacial Deformities 315 31 Mandibular Reconstruction 331 Part 7 Temporomandibular Joint Disorders 345 Section Editor: Tony Pogrel 32 Diagnosis and Non-surgical Management of Orofacial Pain 347 33 Temporomandibular Joint Surgery (Including Arthroscopy) 353 Index 371 List of Contributors Adel Al-Asfour BDS, BA (Chapter 8) Peter Carrotte BDS, MDS, LDS.RCS(Eng), MEd, MHEA Associate Professor (Chapter 12) Department of Surgical Sciences Senior Clinical Teacher and Honorary Associate Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center Specialist Kuwait University Department of Restorative Dentistry Kuwait University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK Ala Al-Musawi DDS, BA (Chapter 5) Assistant Professor Allen Cheng DDS, MD (Chapter 19) Department of Surgical Sciences Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center University of California, San Francisco Kuwait University San Francisco, California, USA Kuwait Lim K. Cheung BDS, PhD, FFDRCS, FDSRCPS, FRACDS, FDSRCS Jens O. Andreasen DDS, Odont. Dr.h.c. (Chapters 11 and 28) (Edin), FRACDS(OMS), FHKAM(DS), FCDSHK(OMS), FFGDP(UK) Consultant (Chapter 30) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Chair Professor Section for Rare Oral Diseases Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Rigshospitalet Faculty of Dentistry Copenhagen, Denmark University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, SAR, China Ashraf Ayoub PhD, FDS RCS, FDS RCPS, BDS, MDS (Chapter 4) Professor of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Radhika Chigurupati DMD, MS (Chapter 29) Glasgow University Dental Hospital & School Associate Clinical Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Glasgow, UK Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Selçuk Basa DDS, PhD (Chapter 13) Boston University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Boston, Massachusetts, USA Marmara University Istanbul, Turkey Hannah Daile P. Chua DMD, MA, MDS (OMS), MOSRCS, PhD Assistant Professor Brian Bast DMD, MD (Chapter 27) Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Associate Clinical Professor Faculty of Dentistry Residency Program Director University of Hong Kong Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hong Kong, SAR, China University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California, USA William Chung DDS, MD (Chapter 27) University of Pittsburgh Medical Center R. Bryan Bell DDS, MD, FACS (Chapter 21) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Attending Surgeon and Director of Resident Education, Cameron M.L. Clokie DDS, PhD, FRCDC OMFS Service Professor and Director of Graduate Program in Oral ACS Cancer Liaison Physician and Maxillofacial Surgery and Anaesthesia Legacy Emanuel Hospital and Health Center University of Toronto Clinical Associate Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Toronto, Ontario, Canada Surgery Oregon Health and Science University Bernard J. Costello DMD, MD, FACS (Chapter 27) Head and Neck Surgical Associates Chief, Division of Craniofacial and Cleft Surgery Portland, Oregon, USA Associate Professor and Program Director Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery John Beumer III DDS, MS University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Professor and Chair Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials, and Hospital Dentistry Christer Dahlin DDS, PhD, Dr Odont (Chapter 15) University of California, Los Angeles – School of Associate Professor Dentistry Department of Biomaterials Los Angeles, California, USA Institute for Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya MBBS, MDS, FDSRCS, FFDRCS Gothenburg, Sweden (Chapter 29) and Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences NÄL Medical Centre Hospital and Trollhättan, Sweden Consultant Surgeon Bhagwan Mahavir Jain Hospital Bangalore, India vii viii List of Contributors Nagi Demian DDS, MD Alan S. Herford DDS, MD (Chapter 1) Assistant Professor Chairman Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center – Houston Loma Linda University Houston, Texas, USA Loma Linda, California, USA Thomas B. Dodson DMD, MPH (Chapter 7) C. Michael Hill MDSc, FDSRCS, MSc, BDS Professor and Chair Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer in Oral and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Maxillofacial Surgery University of Washington Cardiff Dental Hospital Seattle, Washington, USA Cardiff, UK Carlo Ferretti BDS, MDent (MFOS), FCD (SA), MFOS Anders Holmlund DDS, PhD Professor (Chapter 33) (Chapter 30) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Senior Specialist Institution of Odontology Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital and Huddinge, Sweden Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences, Mehran Hossaini DMD (Chapter 9) University of the Witwatersrand Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of California, San Francisco Earl G. Freymiller DMD, MD San Francisco, California, USA Clinical Professor Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Vesa T. Kainulainen DDS, PhD UCLA School of Dentistry Assistant Professor Los Angeles, California, USA Institute of Dentistry University of Oulu Takashi Fujibayashi DDS, PhD (Chapter 22) Oulu, Finland Visiting Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sanjiv Kanagaraja DDS, PhD (Chapter 8) Kanagawa Dental College Consultant/Assistant Professor Yokosuka, Japan Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Göteborg Nicholas M. Goodger BSc, BDS, MBBS, PhD, FDSRCS(Eng), Göteborg, Sweden FFDRCSI, FRCSEd, DLORCS(Eng) (Chapter 20) Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Reha Kışnışçı DDS, PhD (Chapter 13) East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Kent and Canterbury Hospital Ankara University Canterbury, UK Ankara, Turkey Gosta Granstrom MD, DDS, PhD Goran Kjeller PhD (Chapter 24) Professor of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Associate Professor Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Surgery Institute of Odontology Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Sahlgren’s Academy Gothenburg, Sweden Gothenburg University Göteborg, Sweden Firdaus Hariri BDS, MDS (OMS) Consultant and Lecturer Paul Koshgerian DMD (Chapter 28) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Louisville School of Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry University of Malaya Louisville, Kentucky, USA Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Fabio Kricheldorf DDS, MSc (Chapter 6) Richard H. Haug DDS (Chapter 28) Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Carolinas Center for Oral Health and Chairman Charlotte, North Carolina, USA Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry University of Joinville Andrew Heggie MBBS, MDSc, BDSc, FRACDS(OMS) Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Chapter 29) Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Tomoari Kuriyama DDS, PhD (Chapter 4) Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Honorary Clinical Instructor and Research Fellow Royal Children’s Hospital of Melbourne Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Parkville, Australia Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa University Christopher W. Hendy BDS, FDSRCS(Eng), LRCP, MRCS, Kanazawa, Japan FRCSEd (Chapter 20) and East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust Private practice Kent and Canterbury Hospital Toyama, Japan Canterbury, UK