Essentials of Kumar & Clark's clinical medicine PDF
Preview Essentials of Kumar & Clark's clinical medicine
Medical emergencies Numbers refer to pages in text Severe hypertension 482 SYMPTOM BASED Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm 482 Acute chest pain 395 Aortic dissection 483 Acute breathlessness 488 Deep venous thrombosis 000 Coma 720 Respiratory disease Delirium (toxic confusional state) 779 Acute breathlessness 000 Fever in the returned traveller 22 Massive haemoptysis 489 Headache 695 Inhaled foreign body 496 Shock 552 Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive SYSTEM BASED airways disease 501 Infectious diseases and tropical medicine Acute severe asthma 514 Septicaemia 12 Pneumonia 515 Fever in the returned traveller 22 Pneumothorax 546 Malaria 24 Intensive care medicine Gastroenterology and nutrition Shock 552 Oesophageal perforation 000 Anaphylaxis 552 Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding 82 Sepsis 000 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding 000 Respiratory failure 563 Intestinal ischaemia 000 Poisoning, drug and alcohol abuse Acute severe colitis 101 Drug overdose 569 The acute abdomen 115 Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome 584 Liver, biliary tract and pancreatic disease Alcohol withdrawal 585 Fulminant hepatic failure 144 Delirium tremens 586 Bleeding oesophageal varices 150 Endocrinology Acute cholecystitis 000 Myxoedema coma 612 Acute cholangitis 000 Thyroid crisis 613 Acute pancreatitis 175 Addisonian crisis 622 Diseases of the blood and haematological Syndrome of inappropriate ADH malignancies secretion 629 Fever in the neutropenic patient 196 Hypercalcaemia 633 Sickle cell crisis 204 Hypocalcaemia 636 Warfarin excess 000 Hypophosphataemia 000 Malignant disease 000 Hypothermia 644 Superior vena cava syndrome 000 Hyperthermia 646 Acute tumour lysis syndrome 000 Diabetes mellitus and other disorders of Spinal cord compression 764 metabolism Fever in the neutropenic patient 196 Hypoglycaemia 657 Hypercalcaemia 633 Diabetic ketoacidosis 658 Rheumatology Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state 660 Septic arthritis 277 The special senses Acute monoarthritis 278 Epistaxis 000 Giant cell arteritis 762 Stridor 687 Water and electrolytes The red eye 687 Hyponatraemia 317 Sudden loss of vision 690 Hypernatraemia 321 Neurology Hypokalaemia 322 Headache 695 Hyperkalaemia 324 Coma 720 Hypomagnesaemia 000 Transient ischaemic attack 000 Hypermagnesaemia 000 Stroke 725 Disorders of acid–base balance 327 Intracranial haemorrhage 733 Renal disease 000 Status epilepticus 740 Renal colic 364 Meningitis 750 Acute renal failure/kidney injury 369 Encephalitis 000 Cardiovascular disease Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) 762 Acute chest pain 395 Spinal cord compression 764 Cardiac arrhythmias 408 Guillain–Barré syndrome 000 Cardiac arrest 421 Delirium (toxic confusional state) 779 Acute heart failure 432 Dermatology Acute coronary syndrome 439 Necrotizing fasciitis 000 ST elevation myocardial infarction 442 Gas gangrene 000 Pulmonary embolism 466 Angio-oedema 000 Pericardial tamponade 474 Bullous disease 000 Essentials of Kumar & Clark’s Clinical Medicine ESSENTIALS Series Editors Professor Parveen Kumar Professor of Clinical Medicine and Education Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, and Honorary Consultant Physician and Gastroenterologist Barts and the London NHS Trust and Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK and Dr Michael Clark Honorary Senior Lecturer, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London, UK Commissioning Editor: Pauline Graham Development Editor: Helen Leng Project Manager: Gopika Sasidharan Designer/Design Direction: Stewart Larking Illustration Manager: Gillian Richards ESSENTIALS OF KKuummaarr && CCllaarrkk’’ss CLINICAL Medicine Fifth edition ANNE BALLINGER MD FRCP Consultant Gastroenterologist and General Physician Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Hospital East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust Kent, UK Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2011 © 2011 Elsevier Ltd/B.V. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/ permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). First edition 1995 Second edition 2000 Third edition 2003 Fourth edition 2007 Fifth edition 2011 ISBN 9780702035234 International ISBN 9780702035241 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Printed in China Working together to grow The libraries in developing countries publisher’s policy is to use www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org paper manufactured from sustainable forests Contents Medical emergencies Inside front cover Series preface vii Preface ix Abbreviations xi Significant websites xv 1 Ethics and communication 1 2 Infectious diseases 11 3 Gastroenterology and nutrition 65 4 Liver, biliary tract and pancreatic disease 139 5 Haematological disease 193 6 Malignant disease 251 7 Rheumatology 271 8 Water, electrolytes and acid–base balance 323 9 Renal disease 353 10 Cardiovascular disease 407 11 Respiratory disease 505 12 Intensive care medicine 571 13 Drug therapy, poisoning and alcohol misuse 589 14 Endocrine disease 607 15 Diabetes mellitus and other disorders of metabolism 667 16 The special senses 703 17 Neurology 715 18 Dermatology 803 Dictionary of terms 819 Index 831 Normal values Inside back cover This page intentionally left blank Series Preface Medical students and doctors in training are expected to travel to different hospitals and community health centres as part of their education. Many books are too large to carry around, but the information they contain is often vital for the basic understanding of disease processes. The Essentials series is designed to provide portable, pocket-sized com- panions for students and junior doctors. They are most useful for clinical practice, whether in hospital or the community, and for exam revision. The notable success of E ssentials of Clinical Medicine over many editions is shown by its presence in the pockets of all healthcare professionals – nurses, pharmacists, physical and occupational therapists, to name a few – not simply medical students and doctors. All the books in the series have the same helpful features: � Succinct text � Simple line drawings � Emergency and other boxes � Tables that summarize causes and clinical features of disease � Exam questions and explanatory answers – now online � Dictionary of terms They contain core material for quick revision, easy reference and practical management. The modern format makes them easy to read, providing an indispensable ‘ pocket essential ’ . Parveen Kumar and Michael Clark Series Editors This page intentionally left blank
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