Essentials of Haematology

511 Pages·2006·8.315 MB·English

by  Kawthalkar

Essentials of
Haematology
Essentials of
Haematology
SSSSSHHHHHIIIIIRRRRRIIIIISSSSSHHHHH MMMMM KKKKKAAAAAWWWWWTTTTTHHHHHAAAAALLLLLKKKKKAAAAARRRRR
MD (Pathology)
Senior Lecturer in Pathology
Govt. Medical College
Nagpur (Maharashtra)
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Essentials of Haematology
© 2006, Shirish M Kawthalkar
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
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otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.
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be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters to be
settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition: 2006
ISBN 81-8061-633-9
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Gopsons Paper Ltd, Noida

Preface
This book is an attempt to present haematology and blood transfusion in a concise and simplified
manner and is primarily intended for undergraduate students (second and final year MBBS and BDS).
At the same time, it will also be useful for postgraduate students of pathology, medicine, paediatrics,
and obstetrics and gynaecology. One comes across a haematological problem frequently in all branches
of medicine. Haematology and blood transfusion are closely related and blood bank forms an integral
and life-saving support system of a multidisciplinary hospital. A concise textbook of haematology
and blood transfusion is needed for undergraduates who have to take on major subjects during their
MBBS years. The coverage of haematology in available books is either too extensive or too short for
their requirements. I have tried to strike a balance based on my experience in teaching and in diagnostic
haematology.
This book was published in 1998 as “Essentials of Haematology and Blood Transfusion”. Changes are
constantly occurring in haematology especially in molecular diagnostics, classification, and treatment
of malignant disorders. I have tried to update each chapter to ensure that current knowledge and
practices are reflected. Laboratory investigations play a major role in proper diagnosis and management
of blood diseases. Therefore, laboratory aspects have been given relatively more coverage. As the scope
of this book is limited, it has not been possible to give treatment of blood disorders in detail, especially
dosages and drug schedules.
During preparation of this book help has been taken from various well-known textbooks and
numerous journals that have been duly acknowledged at the end of each chapter. Figures of blood and
bone marrow cells have been presented in a manner that highlights the important morphological
details and helps in better understanding. Undoubtedly, there will be errors of omission and
commission for which I take the full responsibility. Suggestions and constructive criticism are most
welcome.
I am indebted to my parents for their constant support, value-based guidance, and blessings that
I have received throughout my life. The friendship, love, care, and support of my wife Anjali, herself a
gynaecologist, can never be adequately acknowledged and my children Ameya and Ashish, have
made everything in life meaningful, worth while, and enjoyable.
Essentials of Haematology
I am thankful to Dr (Mrs) VS Dani, Dean, Govt Medical College, Nagpur and Dr SK Bobhate,
Professor and Head, Dept of Pathology, Govt Medical College, Nagpur for their valuable guidance.
I express my appreciation and gratitude to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New
Delhi for their sensible and valuable advice during publication of this book and also for bringing out
the book in an excellent, easy to read format.
Shirish M Kawthalkar
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Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Contents
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1. Overview of Physiology of Blood....................................................................................................3
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2. Approach to Diagnosis of Anaemias............................................................................................55
3. Anaemias due to Impaired Red Cell Production........................................................................75
4. Anaemias due to Excessive Red Cell Destruction................................................................... 121
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5. Acute Leukaemias........................................................................................................................ 223
6. Myelodysplastic Syndromes....................................................................................................... 261
7. Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders ...................................................................................... 268
8. Chronic Lymphoid Leukaemias................................................................................................. 284
9. Plasma Cell Dyscrasias................................................................................................................ 295
10. Malignant Lymphomas ............................................................................................................... 316
11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disorders of Leucocytes .......................................................... 330
12. Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation............................................................................. 354
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13. Approach to the Diagnosis of Bleeding Disorders.................................................................. 363
14. Bleeding Disorders Caused by Abnormalities of Blood Vessels
(The Vascular Purpuras)............................................................................................................. 379
15. Bleeding Disorders Caused by Abnormalities of Platelets ................................................... 382
16. Disorders of Coagulation............................................................................................................. 396
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Essentials of Haematology
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17. Blood Group Systems .................................................................................................................. 431
18. Serologic and Microbiologic Techniques ................................................................................. 437
19. Collection of Donor Blood, Processing and Storage................................................................ 447
20. Whole Blood, Blood Components and Blood Derivatives...................................................... 455
21. Transfusion of Blood to the Recipient....................................................................................... 467
21. Adverse Effects of Transfusion.................................................................................................. 472
23. Autologous Transfusion .............................................................................................................. 484
24. Alternatives to Blood Transfusion............................................................................................. 487
Appendices
Appendix A: Reference Ranges ................................................................................................. 491
Appendix B: Selected CD Antigens........................................................................................... 494
Index ................................................................................................................................................ 499
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