Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition

36 Pages·2017·0.24 MB·English

This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
Index
A Acquiredhumandiseases,583–594 Acylation,donorsforglycanmodification,
cardiovascular,584 61,62t
Aantigen,164–167,165f–166f
atherosclerosis,584 Adams–Oliversyndrometype4,156
2-AB(2-aminobenzamide),640,648
reperfusion,584 ADAMTS(adisintegrinand
Abbreviations,formonosaccharides,21
dental,584–585 metalloproteinasewith
ABC(ATP-bindingcassette)transporters,
dermatology,585 thrombospondinmotifs),157
270,275–276
endocrinologyandmetabolism,585–586 ADCC(antibody-dependentcellular
A/Bglycosyltransferase,164
gastroenterology,586 cytotoxicity),659
ABObloodgroup,130
infections,586 Adeniadigitata,405
alteredexpressionincancer,603
protein-losingenteropathy,586 Adhesins,99,363–365,368
antigens,164–167,165f–166f
ulcerativecolitis,586 fimbriaeandpili,485–486,
bloodtyping,167
hematology,587–589 485f–486f,590
Bombayphenotype,167
anticoagulants,587 glycosphingolipidsand,135
evolutionand,167
coldagglutinindisease,589 mechanismsofcolonizationand
expressionofantigens,165–166
paroxysmalcoldhemoglobinuria, invasion,531–532,532f
galectinbinding,472,475
169,588 pathogenesis,rolein,590
Helicobacterpyloripathogenesis
paroxysmalnocturnalhemoglobinuria, receptors,531–532,532f
and,167
149,588,604 tableofexamples,487t
incompatibility,739
plasmafibrinogen,abnormal Adipogenesis,roleofgalectinsin,478
isoagglutininresponse,166–167
glycosylation,588 ADPKD(autosomal-dominantpolycystic
malariaand,167
Tnpolyagglutinabilitysyndrome,589 kidneydisease),450
para-Bombayphenotype,167
transfusionreactions,587 Advancedglycationend(AGE)
polymorphism,166,261–262
immunologyandrheumatology, products,585
transfusionreaction,167,587
589–590 Aerolysin,150
Abrin,401,405
rheumatoidarthritis,589–590 Aeromonashydrophilia,150
Abrusprecatorius,401,404f
infectiousdisease,527–537,590 Affinitychromatography
Acanthamoeba
nephrology,591 glycan–proteininteractionanalysis,
A.keratitis,550
IgAnephropathy,591 377–378,378f
A.polyphaga,mimivirusof,93
nephroticsyndrome,591 seriallectin,619,620f
lysosomalenzymes,431
systemiclupuserythematosus Affinitycoelectrophoresis(ACE),384
Acarbose,730f,733t
(SLE),591 Africanclawedfrog,353–355,354f
ACE(affinitycoelectrophoresis),384
neurologyandpsychiatry,592–593 Agarose(agar),316
Acetal,hemiacetalconversioninto,27,27f
Alzheimer’sdisease,592–593 AGE(advancedglycationend)
Acetylation
autoimmuneneuraldamage,592 products,585
donorsforglycanmodification,61,62t oncology,593 Agglutination
O-acetylation,74,113
pulmonary,593–594 glycan–proteininteractionanalysis,383
AcetylCoA:a-glucosaminide
acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome, lectinfor,621–622
acetyltransferasedeficiency,557t
593–594 Agglutinins.SeeLectin(s)
Acetyl-CoAN-acetyltransferase,inheparan
bronchialasthma,593 Aggrecan,209–210,209f,211t,214,450
sulfatedegradation,560f
cysticfibrosis,594 familyofproteoglycans,210,211t,220
Acetyltransferase
vasculardisease,594 modularorganization,201,201f,202f
acetylCoA:a-glucosaminide
Acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans,533
acetyltransferasedeficiency,557t
(AIDS),536 Aggrus,443
acetyl-CoAN-acetyltransferase,in Acrosomereaction Aglycone,5–6,8
heparansulfatedegradation,560f seaurchins,352 Agrin,211t,213
N-acetyltransferase,inheparansulfate SPAM1secretion,203 Agrobacteriumtumefaciens,277
degradation,560 Ac5SGlcNAc,706,706f AIDS,536
AchondrogenesistypeIB(ACG-IB),580 Actin-bindingprotein,237 Airwayphysiology,glycansin,523
Acidglucosylceramidase,692,692f Actinohivin,411 AlboaggreginA,450
Acidhydrolases,423.SeealsoLysosomal Activatorproteins,562,563–564 Alcaligenes,37f
enzymes Acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome, Alcoholoxidase(AOX),300
Acidphosphatase,425,432 593–594 Alcohols,757
Acinetaminicacid,180f,181 Acyclicmonosaccharides,21,22f,25 Aldehydegroup,3,5
Pagereferencesfollowedbyfdenotefigures;pagereferencesfollowedbytdenotetables. 789
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
790 | INDEX
Alditols,26,26f inhibitors,704,705t glycosyltransferasesand,70
Aldohexose,20–21 inN-glycansynthesis,104,106 monosaccharidechemistryatanomeric
Aldose,3,20,20f a-mannosidaseII center,25–27
Aleuriaaurantialectin(AAL),614f,619 arthropod,337,337f mutarotation,25
Alg5,337 Caenorhabditiselegans,323,324f stereochemistryat,32,33
Algae,305–306,316,734 defect,631 Anomericcenter,5,25–27.Seealso
ALGgene(alteredinglycosylation), inhibitors,565,704,705t Anomericcarbon
102,571t knockoutinmice,358–359 Anomers,2
Alginicacid,316 inN-glycansynthesis,106,107f,314 Anophelesmosquito,541,542f
Alglucosidasealfa,733t plant,314 Anthrax,529
Alkylacylglycerol,126f Caenorhabditiselegans,323,324f,330 Antibiotics,peptidoglycanastarget
Alkylationofglycans,74 defectin,556t of,270
Allosamidin,733t inhibitionof,565–566,704,705t Antibody.SeealsoMonoclonalantibody
Allose,structureof,22f N-glycandegradation,555f,558 antiglycan,739–740
Alloxan,706 specificityanduses,642t cold-dependentagglutinatingantibody
aanomer,25 a-mannosidosis,556t (coldagglutinin),163
a-crystallin,O-GlcNAcon,245 a1-6-mannosyltransferase,yeast,721 single-chainvariablefragments(scFvs)
a-dystroglycan,157–158,178,368,524,576 a2-mannosyltransferase,710 ofantibodies,614
mutants,628,629f,630 a-methylmannoside,438f usein
a-fucosidase a-N-acetylgalactosaminidase animalcellglycosylationmutant
defectin,556t defectin,556t,559 generation,622
FUCA2,537 O-glycandegradation,559 cell-surfaceglycoconjugate
N-glycandegradation,555f a-N-acetylglucosaminidase characterization,621–622
specificityanduses,642t deficiency,557t cloningglycosyltransferasegenesby
a-fucosyltransferase heparansulfatedegradation,560f expression,622–623
a1-3/a1-4FucT,167–168,168f a-2-3sialyltransferases,174,174f glycanpurification,619–621
a1-2fucosyltransferase(a1-2FucT), a-2-6sialyltransferases,174–175,175f,724 glycanrecognition,616–619
164–168,537 a-2-8sialyltransferases,175–177,176f interferencestudiesofglycans,85f
a1-3fucosyltransferase(a1-3FucT),722 a-tubulin,246 Antibody-dependentcellularcytotoxicity
a1-6fucosyltransferase,arthropod,336 ALS(amyotrophiclateralsclerosis),248 (ADCC),659
Caenorhabditiselegans,323,324f,328 Altrose,structureof,22f Anticoagulation
a-galactosidase Alzheimer’sdisease,463 acquiredduetocirculatingheparan
deficiency,557t O-GlcNAcand,248 sulfate,587
glycolipiddegradation,563,563f pairedhelicalfilamentous(PHF)-tau,248 heparin,34,207,220,587
N-glycandegradation,558 roleofglycansinthehistopathologyof, Antigenicvariation,543
recombinant,567 592–593 Antigen-presentingcells,444,522
saposinsand,563 Amber,395,397 Antiglycanantibodies,739–740
a1-4galactosyltransferase(a1-4GalT),169 Ambystomamexicanum,galectins,472 Antiporters,59
a1-3galactosyltransferase(a1-3GalT), Amine,26,27f Antithrombin,36,217f,219–220,736
170–171,170f 2-aminobenzamide(2-AB),640,648 deficiency,499
a1-3GalNAcT,164 Aminogroups,inmonosaccharides,28 heparinbindingto,363,498–499,
a-glucosidase 2-aminopyridine(2-AP),648 498f
a-glucosidaseI,295,504,504f,506f,704, Amishinfantileepilepsy,581 structure,498f,499
705t Ammoniumsulfate,precipitationby,384 AntithrombinIII,522
a-glucosidaseII,295,323,324f, Amphomycin,704 AOII(atelosteogenesistypeII),580
504–505,504f,506f,507,704,705t Amyloidprecursorprotein(APP),248 AOX(alcoholoxidase),300
Caenorhabditiselegans,323,324f Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),248 2-AP(2-aminopyridine),648
inhibitors,704,705t,709 Analyticalmethods,technologicaladvances Apiogalacturonans,311
recombinant,567 in,763–764 Apiose,58
a-iduronidase Anaplasmaphagocytophilum,447 Apoptosis
deficiency,557t Angiogenesis O-GlcNAcaseand,244
degradationofdermatansulfateand galectin-1rolein,476 rolesofgalectinsin,477
chondroitinsulfate,561,561f glycosaminoglycansand,522 suppressionincancer,601
heparansulfatedegradation,560,560f Animaldevelopment.SeeDevelopment Arabidopsisthaliana
recombinant,567 Animallectins,362–363,365,367f galectins,471
a-linkages,5,7 R-typelectins,407–411 gibberellicacidsignaling,245
a(1-4)-linkedgalacturonicacid(GalA), Animals,cell-surfacepolysaccharidesof, glycan-associatedgenes,307t
33–34 34–36 glycosidehydrolases,94
a-mannosidase Aniontransportprotein,165 glycosylationengineering,722
a-1-2mannosidase,arthropod,336 AnnexinV,369 glycosyltransferasesof,94
a-1-6mannosidase,arthropod,337 Anomericcarbon GPIbiosynthesis,149
a-mannosidaseI determinationofconfigurationat, asmodelorganism,317–318
Caenorhabditiselegans,323,324f 25,25f murmutants,318
ER,507–508 glycosidiclinkages,27,28–29 UDP-Galtransporter,317–318,623
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
INDEX | 791
Arabinofuranosylation,686,688f Aspartyl-N-acetylglucosaminidase,N-glycan lectins,363–365,367f
Arabinogalactan,266,271f,272,314,686, degradationand,555f lipopolysaccharide(LPS),266,272–276
688f,722 Aspergillus,303 assemblyandexport,274–276,275f
Arabinoglucuronoxylans,313 A.fumigatus,298,300 structureandfunction,273–274,273f
Arabinomannan,278 A.niger,298 mechanismsofcolonizationand
Arabinose,structureof,22f GPI-anchors,299f invasion,531–533
Arabinoxylan,306f,310 O-glycans,297f adhesinsandreceptors,531–532,532f
synthesisoflibrary,686,687f Asthma,593 biofilms,532–533,533f
Arabinoxylanpectinarabinogalactan AtelosteogenesistypeII(AOII),580 invasionfactors,532
protein1(APAP1),309f,314 Atherosclerosis,584 mycobacteria,267f,272
Archaea,283–292 Atomicforcemicroscopy,forstudyof Nodfactors,515–516,516f
background,283–284 glycan–proteininteractions,381 osmoregulatedperiplasmicglucans,
cellwall,283,284–287,285f Atopicdermatitis,585 277–278
diversityofglycosylationin,260 ATP-bindingcassette(ABC)transporters, peptidoglycan,266–270
genomicsofglycosylation,91f,95 270,275–276 assembly,269–270
glycosylationpathwaysin,44,287,289 AuNPs(goldnanoparticles),744–746 structure,arrangementandfunction,
N-glycosylation,287–291,289f Australine,704,705t 268–269,268f
halophiles,289–290 AutoDockprograms,396,397 polysaccharides,36–39,37f,643
methanogens,290–291 Autoglycosylation,224 polysialicacids,185
N-glycandiversity,287,288f Autoimmunedisease probiotic,280
pathways,287,289 antiglycosphingolipidantibodies,134 proteinglycosylation,276–277
physiologicalrolesof,291–292 coldagglutinindisease,589 sialicacids,185
thermophiles,291 neuraldamage,592 sialyltransferase,185
S-layer,284,287,289–291 systemiclupuserythematosus,591 S-layerbiosynthesis,44
Archaellins,287,289–291 Autosomal-dominantpolycystickidney surfaceglycansasvirulencefactors,
Arenaviruses,157–158 disease(ADPKD),450 528–531
Arixtra,736 Avery,Oswald,529 lipopolysaccharide(LPS),529–531,
Arrays,glycan,92,382,383f,618–619, Avidity,374 530f
618f polysaccharidecapsules,528–529,529f
Arthrobacterureafaciens,189 toxins,436,482,487–489,488f,488t,719
B
Arthropoda,335–349 trans-sialidases,188
chitin,346 BabA,537 vaccines,738
glycoproteins,336–343 Bacillus Bacterialautotransporterheptosyltransferase
mutationsaffectingglycans,337, B.anthracis,529 (BAHT),532
338t–339t,339,340f B.sphaericus,407 Bacteriophage-encodedglycosyltransferase,
N-linkedglycans,336–337,336–340, B.thuringiensis,328,488t,489 229
337f,340f Bacillusthuringiensis(Bt)toxins,330–331 Bacteroidesfragilis,278
O-linkedglycans,340–343,341f Bacteria,265–281.Seealsospecificspecies Bacteroidesthetaiotaomicron,537
glycosaminoglycans(GAGs),343–344,345f adhesins,485–486,485f–486f,487t,590 Bactoprenolphosphate,269
glycosphingolipids,346–347,347f antibacterialstargetingpeptidoglycan Baculovirus,glycosyltransferaseof,93,260
historicalperspective,335–336 assembly,270 BAHT(bacterialautotransporter
lectins,347–348 capsularpolysaccharide,266,278, heptosyltransferase),532
morphogensignalingandorgansize 279f,280 Bantigen,164–167,165f–166f
control,344 cellenvelopearchitectures,265–266,267f BaseJ,229
nucleotidesugartransporters,348 commensals,536–537 Basementmembraneproteoglycans,
proteoglycansandglycosaminoglycans, diversesugarsin,58 213,220
343–346 diversityofglycosylationin,260 Basidiomycetes,301
Arthroseriesglycans,346–347,347f exopolysaccharide,266,278,279f,280 Basigin,454
ArylsulfataseA(cerebrosidesulfatase) genomicsofglycosylation,93 Bbloodgroupa1-3galactosyltransferase
deficiency,557t,563 glycan-basedinteractionsbetweenhost (Btransferase),66,66f
glycolipiddegradation,563,563f andgutmicrobiota,531–533 B-cellreceptor(BCR)
saposinsand,563 glycan-bindingproteins(GBPs), a2-6sialicacidand,175
Ascarislumbricoides,539 363–365,367f CD22and,458–459,460f
Ascarissuum,332 glycanturnoverin,48 b1-2acetylglucosaminyltransferase,
Ashwell,Gilbert,362 glycosylationengineering,717t,719–720 Caenorhabditiselegans,325
Ashwell–Morellreceptor,435,438–440, glycosylationpathwaysin,44 b-agalsidase,733t
440f,469,590,725 glycosyltransferasetoxins,228–228 b-amyloidprecursorprotein(APP),248
Asialoglycoproteinreceptor(ASGPR), Gram-negative,266,267f,269,272–276, banomer,25
174–175,362–364,435,437f,725. 273f,275f,279f,280 b-cyclodextrin,751
SeealsoAshwell–Morellreceptor Gram-positive,266,267f,268–270, b-cyclodextrin-quantumdots,747
Asparagine-linkedoligosaccharide.See 271f,280 b-elimination,116,644,659
N-glycan(s) hyaluronancapsulesin,205,205f b1-4galactosyltransferase
Aspartylglucosaminidase,defectin,556t intracellularglycansandglycosylated catalyticmechanismof,67,71,72f
Aspartylglucosaminuria,556t molecules,281 lossofactivity,574
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
792 | INDEX
b-galactoceramidase keratansulfatedegradation,561f,562 Bonemorphogeneticprotein(BMP),344
deficiency,557t N-glycandegradation,555f,556,558 Bordetellapertussisfilamentous
glycolipiddegradation,563,563f b-propellerfold,390–391,391f hemagglutinin(FHA),531
b-galactosidase b-sandwichfold,390,453 Botulinumtoxin,134,191
deficiency,556t,557t,558 b-trefoillectin,390 Bradyrhizobium,277
degradationofkeratansulfate,560,561f b-trefoilstructure,310f,403,405f,411 Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum,glycansynthase
glycandetection,643 b1-2-xylotransferase,722 of,96f
glycolipiddegradation,563,563f B3GALNT2,158 Brainiac(brn)gene,346
Kluyveromyceslactis,300 B4GAT1,158 Branching,oligosaccharide,31–33,32f
N-glycandegradation,555f,558 B3GLCTgene,157 Breastcancer,739
saposinsand,563 BiBisequentialkineticmechanism,73 Bregenes,Caenorhabditiselegans,331
specificityanduses,642t Bifidobacteria,280 Brenner,Sydney,360
b-galactosylceramidase,saposinsand,563 Biglycan,209f,211t Brevican,202,210,211t,450
b1-3galactosyltransferase(b1-3GalT),162f, Bikunin,202 Bronchialasthma,593
166f,323,326,600,600f Bindin,352 Brucella,167
b1-4galactosyltransferase(b1-4GalT),162f, Bindingenthalpy,ofglycan–protein Bttoxins,488t,489
169f,172–173,172f,175f interactions,378 B-typelectins,368
b4galactosyltransferase(b4GalT), Bioenergy,glycansin,17,756–757 Buckminsterfullerene,748
153,153f Bioethanol,756 Bufoarenarumgalectins,472
b-galactosides,708 Biofilms,280,532–533,533f Burkitt’slymphoma,603
b1-3GalNAcT,169,169f Biohydrocarbons,757
b1-4GalNAcT,171–173,172f,173f Bioinformatics,768.SeealsoInformatics
C
b-glucoceramidase Biologicalfunctions,ofglycans,77–88
deficiency,557t approachestoelucidating,84–88 Cadherins,576–577
glycolipiddegradation,562,563f competitionbyglycanormimic,85f, Caenorhabditiselegans,321–332
b-glucocerebrosidase,132,134,432 86–87 C-typelectins,437
b-glucosidases,plant,310 findingglycanligands,85f,86 developmentalbiology,321–322,322f
b-glucosides,708 findingreceptorsforglycans,85f,86 functionalanalysisofglycoconjugates,
b-glucuronidase glycosidaseexperiments,85f,87 326–331
deficiency,557t lectinorantibodyinterference,85f galectins,471,472
degradationofdermatansulfateand metabolicinhibitionoralteration, glycan-bindingproteins,331–332
chondroitinsulfate,561–562,561f 85–86,85f glycans,323–324,324f,325f
heparansulfatedegradation,560,560f mutants,studyof,85f,87–88 N-glycans,323,324f
hyaluronandegradation,559,559f,560f diversityof,82–83 O-glycans,323–324,325f
N-glycandegradation,558 “junk”glycans,84 glycolipids,330–331,331f
Betaglycan,212t asligandsforcell–cellinteractions,81 glycosaminoglycans,329–330,330f
b-hexosaminidase,134 asligandsforcell–microbeinteractions, glycosyltransferasegenes,325–326
Caenorhabditiselegans,323,324f,326 81–82 glycosyltransferasesof,95
defectin,556t,557t overview,77–79,78f lifecycle,322f
inhibitorsof,706,706f structuralandmodulatory,79–81 OGTgene,243,246,247
insects,723 Biologicalinformation,flowof,2 proteoglycans,210,213,215,329–330,
plants,722 Biomass,756–757 330f
b-lactamase,270 BioPortal,677 structure,322f
b-lactams,270 Biosimilars,732 Calloselasmarhodostoma,443
b-linkages,5,7 Biotechnology,glycansin,17,729–740 Calmegin,510
b-linkedO-glucose,152t,155–156 Biotinhydrazide/streptavidin-alkaline Calnexin,105f,296,364,368,418–419,
b-mannosidase phosphatase,640 419f,504–505,506f,510
defectin,556t Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate(BMP),564 Calorimetry,isothermaltitration,
N-glycandegradation,555f,558 Bisubstrates,707 378,379f
b-mannosidosis,556t Blix,Gunnar,180 Calreticulin,105f,364,368,418–419,419f,
b-N-acetylgalactosaminides,708 Bloodgroups 504–505,506f,510
b2N-acetylglucosaminidase A,B,andHantigens,164–167, CambridgeStructuralDatabase,651
(O-GlcNAcase).SeeO-GlcNAcase 165f–166f Campylobacter
b-N-acetylglucosaminides,708 ABO,130,164–167,261–262 C.jejuni
b1-3N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase alteredexpressionincancer,603 autoimmunereactionand,592
(b3GnT),153 Iandi,164f glycoengineeringin,719–720
b1-6N-acetylglucosaminyltransferaseV Lewis,167–169,168f glycosylation,276,277
(Mgat5),477 P,169–170,169f Guillain–Barre´ syndrome,134
b-N-acetylhexosaminidase Sda,173–174,173f lipooligosaccharide(LOS),531
dermatansulfateandchondroitinsulfate transfusionreaction,167,168,169,587 PglB,720
degradation,561–562,561f Bloodtyping,167 sialoadhesin,458
glycolipiddegradation,563f BMP(bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate),564 lipooligosaccharide(LOS),
GM2activatorproteinand,564 Boatconformation,35 274,531
hyaluronandegradation,559,560f Bombayphenotype,167 N-glycosylation,93
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
INDEX | 793
Canavaliaensiformis,414,612f Carbohydrate-bindingmodule CD147,454
Cancer (CBM),611 CD162.SeePSGL-1(P-selectinglycoprotein
detectionusingglyconanomaterials,751 cell-surfaceglycoconjugate ligand-1)
galectins,rolesof,477 characterization,621–622 CD169.SeeSialoadhesin
glycosylationchangesin,593,597–608 glycanrecognition,616–619 CD170,463
alteredbranchingandfucosylationof R-lectin,403 CD206,407
N-glycans,598,599f Carbohydrate-recognitiondomain(CRD) CD280,409
bloodgroups,alteredexpression bacterialadhesins,482 CD209a,442
of,603 C-typelectins,435–436,437f,444,446 CD62E.SeeE-selectin
incancerstemcells,607 galectins,469,473f,474,478 CD62L.SeeL-selectin
clinicalsignificance,607–608 inglycan-bindingproteins,92 CD-MPR(cation-dependentM6P
duringEMT,607 lectins,365–366,366f,368–371,370f receptor),427–429,428f,431
glycosphingolipids,alteredexpression R-typedomain,403,404f cDNAexpression,forstudyof
of,603 Carbohydrates glycan–proteininteractions,384
GPI-anchorexpression,lossof, biologicalrolesof,2 CD62P.SeeP-selectin
603–604 defined,3 CD33-relatedSiglecs(CD33rSiglecs)
historicalbackground,597–598 simpleandcomplex,20 CD33(Siglec-3),462–463
hyaluronan,changesin,604,605f CarbohydrateStructureDatabase discovery,454
increasedmucinsandtruncated (CSDB),672 domainstructure,455f
O-glycans,599–600,601f CarbonicanhydraseII,232,235 evolution,454,461,462f
mechanismsofalteredglycan Carbonnanotubes,745f,748–750,749f genomicorganization,expression
expression,607 Carbonsequestration,763 patterns,andfunctions,461–465,
nonrandomnatureofchanges,598 Carbonylgroup,3 462f
O-GlcNAc,changesin,606–607 Carboxymethylcellulose,757 Siglec-5(CD170),455f,463,466
selectinligandexpression,increasein, Cardin,Alan,497 Siglec-6,455f,463–464,467
602–603,602f Cardiovascularsystem Siglec-7,455f,456,456f,457,464
sialicacidexpression,601–602,601f acquireddiseases,584 Siglec-8,455f,456,457,464
sulfatedglycosaminoglycans,changes atherosclerosis,584 Siglec-9,455f,457,464
in,606 reperfusion,584 Siglec-10,455f,465
hyaluronanoligosaccharidesand,206 physiology,glycansin,522–523 Siglec-11,455f,457,465,466
lossofO-mannoseglycans,157 Carrageenan,316 Siglec-12,466
Notchsignalingdysregulation,154 CASD1,188 Siglec-13,466
O-GlcNAcand,249 CaseinkinaseII,O-GlcNAcon,247 Siglec-14,455f,457,463,466
O-glycansand,120–122 Caspase-3,244 Siglec-15,455f,457,461
sialicacidsin,194 CASPERprogram,675 Siglec-16,455f,457,465
sialylLewisepitopes/structures,122 Castanospermine,104,109,704,705t Siglec-17,466
vaccine,738–739 Castanosperumaustrale,704 CEBiP(chitinoligosaccharideelicitor
CancerGenomeAtlas,607 Catchbonds,449 bindingprotein),515
Candidaalbicans,301–302 CathepsinA,556t,558 Cellbiologyofglycosylation,13
galectinbinding,476 CathepsinD,427 Cell–cellinteractions,glycansasligands
hostinteractions,302 Cation-dependentM6Preceptor for,81
mannansof,298 (CD-MPR),427–429,428f,431 Cell–cellrecognition,roleof
mannosereceptorbinding,408 Cation-independentM6Preceptor glycosphingolipids,132
Capillaryelectrophoresis,659–660 (CI-MPR),427–432 Cellenvelopearchitectures,265–266,267f
Cappingreactions,inN-glycansynthesis, CAZydatabase.SeeCarbohydrate-active Cellobiohydrases,310
106,108 enzymes(CAZy)database Cellobiose,structureof,33,33f
Capsularpolysaccharide,266,278, CBM(carbohydrate-bindingmodule), Cellsignaling.SeeSignaling
279f,280 R-lectin,403 Cellsorting,621
Capsule,36,38,528–529 CBP35,470 Cell-surfacephosphatidylserine,induction
assemblyandexport,280 CBP70proteins,235,236 ofexposure,477
Cryptococcusneoformans,302–303,303f CCR5,536 Cellulase,310,364
EscherichiacoliK1,93 CD2,455 Cellulose,5,33,305,306,306f,309–310,
Haemophilusinfluenzae,39,528–529 CD4,511,536 312,755
hyaluronanin,12,93,205,205f,528 CD22(Siglec-2),365 abundanceinnature,254
Neisseriameningitidis,38,93,528 a2-6sialicacidand,175 bioenergyand,756
Pasteurellamultocida,93 discovery,454 degradation,281
polysialicacids,185 domainstructure,455f nanomaterials,758–759,758f,759f
sialicacid,93 expressionpatternsandfunctions, polymers,757
Streptococcuspneumoniae,278, 457–459,460f Celluloseacetate,757
528,529f CD33(Siglec-3),462–463 Celluloseacetatebutyrates,757
structureandfunctionof,278,279f,280 CD44,204,212t,213,371,518,518f,532, Celluloseacetatepropionate,757
Carbohydrate-activeenzymes(CAZy) 604,605f,607–608 Cellulosebutyratesuccinate,757
database,69,73,90–91,307,307t, CD59,588 Cellulosesynthase,310,313
389,672,715 CD83,455 Cellulosome,96,310
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
794 | INDEX
Cellwall Chemoenzymaticsynthesisofglycansand linkages,214
algae,316 glycoconjugates,691–698 structure,21of,209
archaea,283,284–287,285f glycosyltransferase-mediated,692–694, types,218t
fungal,294–295,295f 693f–695f smallleucine-richproteoglycans
Mycobacteriumtuberculosis,365 glycosynthases,695–698,696f–697f (SLRPs),210
plant,305,307–313,755–756 outlookfor,698 structure,34,35f
Cellwall,bacteria transglycosylation,695–698 Chondroitinsynthases,95,96f,216
cellenvelopearchitectures,265–266, Chewinggum,737 Chondromucoid,207
267f Chinesehamsterovarycells(CHOcells), Chromatography,affinity,377–378,
lipopolysaccharide(LPS),266, 627–628,629f,632f,632t–634t, 378f
272–276 634–636 Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease
assemblyandexport,274–276,275f glycosylationengineering,715,716t, (COPD),463
structureandfunction,273–274,273f 724–726 CID(collision-induceddissociation),661,
mycobacteria,267f,272 glycosylationmutantgeneration,622 662f,664–665,664f
peptidoglycan,266–270 Chiralanomericcenter,5 CI-MPR(cation-independentM6P
assembly,269–270 Chiralcarbon,20 receptor),427–432
structure,arrangementandfunction, Chitin,34,294–295,302 Circleoflife,255f
268–269,268f abundanceinnature,254 CLECs,442–443
Centralnervoussystem arthropod,346 Cloningglycosyltransferasegenesby
chondroitinsulfateproteoglycans assemblyatplasmamembrane,44 expression,622–623
and,500 Entamoebacystwall,547 Clostridium
roleofglycansin,525 oligosaccharides C.difficile,229
Ceramide,125–127,128f plantdefenseresponse,515 C.novyi,229
roleinepidermalpermeability roleinanimalembryogenesis,517 C.perfringens,590
barrier,132 Chitinase,517 C.sordellii,229
structure,126f Chitinase,humanacidic,95–96 C.thermocellum,cellulosomeof,96
synthesis,129–130 Chitinsynthases,294 cellulosedegradation,281
Ceramideglycanases,129 Chitobiose,233,508 toxins,228–229,421
Cerebrosidesulfatase.SeeArylsulfataseA Chitosan,294 CLR(C-typelectinreceptor),444
CERK1,515 Chitosan-basednanoparticles,750 CMAHgene,185–186,195,258
Ceruloplasmin,362,438 Chlamydomonasreinhardii,316 C-mannosylation,159,159f,543
CFG(ConsortiumforFunctional Chlorate,sulfationblockedby,702 C-mannosyltransferase,Caenorhabditis
Glycomics),670 Chlorella,205,233,260 elegans,324
CFTR-DF508,510 Chloroplasts,235–236,305,316 CMP-Neu5Achydroxylase,258
C1GALT1(core-1galactosyltransferase), CHOcells.SeeChinesehamster CMP-sialicacid,693
357,600,600f ovarycells c-Myc,O-GlcNAcand,247
Cglgene,318 Choleratoxin,134,511,745 COG(conservedoligomericGolgi)
Chagas’disease,544 binding,487 complex,47,575
Chairconformation,21,21f,24,24f,35 gangliosideGM1astoxinreceptor,174 COG7gene,571t,575
Chaperone structure,488f Coldagglutinindisease,589
Cosmc,117,120 Cholesterol,inmembranelipid Cold-dependentagglutinatingantibody
N-glycansynthesisand,104 rafts,131 (coldagglutinin),163
roleinproteinfolding,503–504 Chondroitin Collagen
Chaperonetherapy,735–736 biosynthesis,36 O-linkedglycans,159
Charcot–Leydencrystalprotein,471 structure,11 typeXVIII,211t,213
CHARMM,395 Chondroitinases,218,525,642t Collectins,441
Chemical-shiftmappingofprotein-binding Chondroitinproteoglycans(CPGs),of Collision-induceddissociation(CID),648,
sitesforglycans,392–393,393f Caenorhabditiselegans,329,330f 661,662f,664–665,664f
Chemicalsynthesisofglycansand Chondroitinsulfate,202,202f Colominicacid,185
glycoconjugates,681–689 Caenorhabditiselegans,323,326, Comitin,237
automated,684,686,687f 327f,329 Commensals,536–537
computationalchemistry-assistedglycan cellsignalingand,518 Complement,365
assembly,686,688,688f changesincancer,606 C-mannosylationofproteins,159
one-potassembly,686,688,689f degradation,561,561f complementcontrolprotein(CCP)
perspectiveson,688–689 evolutionarydiversity,259 modules,444
protectivegroupmanipulation,683–684, insect,343 triggeringbyIgMisoagglutinins,167
683f mutantsinbiosynthesis,634,634t Complexcarbohydrate,20
regiochemistry,controlling,681–682 forosteoarthritis,737 ComplexCarbohydrateStructureDatabase
solid-phase,684,686,687f Plasmodiumadherenceto,542 (CCSD),670
solutionphase,684,685f proteoglycans,207,209–210, Computationalchemistry-assistedglycan
stereochemistry,controlling,682–683, 209f,213 assembly,686,688,688f
682f biosynthesis,215f,216,217f, Computationalmodeling
technologicaladvancesin,764 218–219 glycanrecognition,394–399
Chemicaltoolsforinhibitingglycosylation, degradation,218,220 methods,395–396
701–712 galactosesulfation,215 moleculardocking,396–399
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
INDEX | 795
ConcanavalinA(ConA),362,747,751 CSDB(CarbohydrateStructure D
glycanpurification,619,620f Database),672
Dally,343,344,345,345f
initialisolation,413 CSPG4,212t,213
Damage-associatedmolecularpatterns
N-glycanrecognitionby,612, CTantigen,173,173f
(DAMPs),83,441,465,519
612f,617 CTLD.SeeC-typelectindomain
Daniorerio.SeeZebrafish(Daniorerio)
proteolyticmodification,418 C-typelectindomain(CTLD)
DAP-12(DNAXactivationprotein-12),457,
structure,414,414f,416 inCaenorhabditiselegans,331–332
463
Congenitaldisordersofglycosylation,110 C-typelectins,435–437,441–443,
Databases,669–672,671t
futureimpactofstudyon,762 449–450
accumulationversuscuration,670,672
overview,569–570,570f inmannosereceptorfamily,407–409
carbohydrate-activeenzymes(CAZy)
tableofdefects,571t C-typelectinreceptor(CLR),444
database,69,73,90–91,307,307t,
typeI,572,574 C-typelectins,365,368,370,389,
389,672,715
typeIb,586,734 435–450,522
ComplexCarbohydrateStructure
typeII,47,574–575 definition,435
Database(CCSD),670
Congenitalmusculardystrophies,157, dendriticcells(DCs)and,442–444,536
ofcrystalstructure,389
576–578 discovery,435–436
ofglycanandglycoconjugatestructures,
Conglutinin,441 groups,436–437,439f
669–672,671t
ConservedoligomericGolgi (COG) collectins,441
lectins,672
complexproteins,47,575 endocyticreceptors,440–441,440f
standardizationandontologies,672–673
ConsortiumforFunctionalGlycomics myeloidlectins,442–444
Datainterpretation,softwaretoolsfor,
(CFG),670 proteoglycans,449–450
673–676
Contactdermatitis,585 selectins,444–449,445f
Daturastramoniumagglutinin(DSA),613f
Coprinopsiscinerea,301 insect,348
DCAL-1(dendritic-cell-associatedlectin-1),
Coprinuscinereus,471 schistosomeglycanrecognition,550
442
Correlationspectroscopy(COSY), structuralmotifs,435–436
Dconfiguration,21
649–650 Cucumariaechinata,407
DCs.SeeDendriticcells
COScellline,622–623 Culturedcells,glycosylationmutantsof,15,
DC-SIGN,272,389,438,440f,442,536,550
Cosmc,117,120 627–636
Deacetylationofglycans,74
COSMCgene,579,589,591,600 celllines,631
DEC-205,409,442
COSY(correlationspectroscopy),649–650 dominantmutations,633,633t
Decapentaplegic(Dpp),344,345,345f,346
cowgene,343 glycolipiddefects,634–635
Decay-acceleratingfactor,588
CPGs(chondroitinproteoglycans),of inGPI-anchorbiosynthesis,633
Decorin,209f,211t
Caenorhabditiselegans,329,330f history,627–628
Dectin-1,436,440,442
Crassostreavirginica,478–479 isolationofmutants,630
Dectin-2,442
CRD.SeeCarbohydrate-recognitiondomain O-glycandefects,634–635
Delta,152,154,155f,342
C-reactiveprotein,420 inproteoglycanassembly,634,634t
Dendritic-cell-associatedlectin-1
CREB(cyclic-AMP-responsive recessivemutations,631,632f,632t
(DCAL-1),442
element-bindingprotein), resistancetoplantlectins,630,631
Dendriticcells(DCs)
O-GlcNAcylationof,247 screeningbyreplicaplating,629f,630
CREG(cellularrepressorofE1A-stimulated usesofmutants,635–636 asantigen-presentingcells,444
genes),432 Cumulusoophorusexpansion,202 C-typelectinson,442–444,536
Cre-loxPtargetingformakingconditional CXCL12a,397–398,397f humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)
knockouts,358,358f CXCR4,536 and,536
CRISPR/Cas9,718,727 Cyclicformofmonosaccharides,21,23–25, schistosomeglycanrecognition,550
Crohn’sdisease,441,734 23f–24f Siglecsand,457–458,461,464–465
Cross-linking,inbacterial Cysticfibrosis,510,594 Denguevirus
polysaccharides,39 Cysticfibrosistransmembraneconductance bindingtoheparansulfate,484,485f
Cross-matchingblood,167 regulatory(CFTR),594 galectinsand,478
Crotalusatrox,450 Cytokeratins,O-GlcNAcon,245–247 Densityfunctionaltheory(DFT),686
Cryo-electronmicroscopy(cryo-EM),388, Cytomegalovirus,511 Dentaldiseases,584–585
399,763 Cytoplasm Deoxygenation
Cryptococcus glycoproteins,229–233 ofglycans,74
C.laurentii,301 glycosylationin,43,223–237 ofhydroxylgroups,28
C.neoformans,302–303,303f bacterialglycosyltransferasetoxins, 2-deoxyglucose,glycosylationinhibitedby,
O-glycans,297f 228–229 702–703
Cryptosporidiumparvum,550 evolutionaryvariationsinglycans, Deoxyhexoses,8,58
Crystallography 259–260 Deoxymannojirimycin,106,704,705t
databasesofcrystalstructure,389 examples,225t Deoxynojirimycin,104,109,704,705t
foldingandoligomerizationfacilitate glycogenin,224 Deoxynonulosonicacid,181
bindingtocellsurfaces,390–391, hydroxyproline-linkedSkp1glycans, Deoxynorleucine(DON),249
391f 224,226,227f,228 Depots(sinks),glycansas,80
glycanrecognition,388–391 mitochondriaandchloroplasts, Dermatansulfate,207,209–210,209f,219
interactionsincarbohydrate-binding 235–236 biosynthesis,36,217f,218
sites,389–390,390f prokaryoticmonoglycosylation,228 cellsignalingand,518
limitations,389 widespreadnatureof,229–235 changesincancer,606
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
796 | INDEX
Dermatansulfate(Continued) lectins,363 glycosaminoglycans(GAGs),343–344,
degradation,561–562,561f lysosomalenzymes,431 345f
processingandturnover,22–23,220 phosphoglycosylationin,74 glycosphingolipids,347–348
roleinskin,524 Skp1,glycosylationof,224,226,227f,228 glycosylationengineering,716t,723
smallleucine-richproteoglycans Differentiation,glycosylationchangesin,16 glycosyltransferasesof,95
(SLRPs),210 Digalactosyldiacylglycerol(DGDG), historicalperspective,335–336
structure,11,35f,210f,214,217f 316–317,317f lectins,347–348
Dermatology,585 Digoxin,317 morphogensignalingandorgansize
Detectionofglycans,640–643 Dihydroxyacetone,20,20f control,344
glycolipids,641 Dihydroxyacetonesynthase,300 Notchsignalingpathway,153–156,154f,
glycoproteins,641–643 Diocleagrandifloralectin,416 342–343,343f,348
GPI-anchors,643 Dirofilariaimmitis,332,549 nucleotidesugartransporters,348
plantandbacterialpolysaccharides,643 Disaccharides OGT,246,247
proteoglycans,641 isomers,28,28f proteoglycans,210,213,215
Deuterostomes,351–360 nonreducing,29,29f proteoglycansandglycosaminoglycans,
evolutionarybackground,351–352 reducingend,29,29f 343–346
frogs,353–355,354f Discoidinfamilyoflectins,236 sialicacids,185
mice(Musmusculus),357–359 Disease Drugeffluxpumps,280
celltype–specificmutations,358 acquiredhuman,583–594 Drugs
conditionalknockouts,358f geneticdisordersofglycandegradation, glycan-based,733t
environmentallydrivenphenotypes, 553–567 small-molecule,729,730f,731,731f
359 geneticdisordersofglycosylation, DsiaTgene,185
mutationsaffectingentirepathways, 569–581 DTD(diastrophicdystrophy),580
357–358 glycosylationdiversity,262 Duanomycin,58
mutationsaffectingspecific herdimmunity,262 Duanosamine,58
extensions/modifications,358 infectious,527–537 DXDmotif,70–71
straindifferences/geneticmodifiers, metabolicdiseases,glycantherapeutic Dystroglycan,157–158
359 approachesto,734–736 Dystroglycanopathies,576–578
seaurchins,352–353,353f Dlp,343,345,345f,346
zebrafish(Daniorerio),355–357,356f DNA,glycosylationof,9
E
appearanceof,356f DNaseI,431–432
glycansunderstudy,356t DNGR-1,441 EBA-175,489–490,542
lectins,355–356 Dockingprograms,396–398 EBL(erythrocyte-binding-like)proteins,
novelgenes,357 Dolichol,phosphorylationof,62 541–542
Development Dolicholphosphate(Dol-P) Ebolavirus,722,751
biologyofCaenorhabditiselegans, inarchaea,287,289–291 EBR1protein,352
321–322,323f inhibitionofformation,709 ECD(electroncapturedissociation),648
futureimpactofglycoscienceson N-glycansynthesison,100–102,103f EcdysteroidUDP-glucosyltransferase(EGT),
study,762 structureof,102f ofbaculovirus,93
galectins,rolesof,476–477 Dolicholpyrophosphate(Dol-PP) Echinobase,352
glycansin,522 inarchaea,287,291 Echinocandindrugs,303–304
glycosylationchangesin,16 tunicamycininhibitionof Echinococcusgranulosus,549
Notchand,154 dolichol-PP-GlcNAcassembly,703 Echinoderms,sialicacidsin,182,185
oligosaccharidesignalsinearly Dolichosbifloruslectin,166,416,418 Ectodomainshedding,606
development,517 Dol-P-mannoseflippase,289 EDEM(endoplasmicreticulum
sialicacidsin,193–194 DON(6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine),702 degradationenhancing
DFT(densityfunctionaltheory),686 DON(deoxynorleucine),249 a-mannosidase-likeprotein),
DGDG(digalactosyldiacylglycerol), Donath-Landsteinerantibodies,169 104,507–508
316–317,317f Donath-Landsteinertest,588 EET(enzymeenhancementtherapy),566
DGDGsynthase,316 Doubledisplacementmechanism,of EF-Pprotein,228
DG42gene,198,354,517 glycosyltransferase,71 EGF.SeeEpidermalgrowthfactor
Dgl1gene,318 Dowling-Degosdiseasetype2,154 Eggbindinreceptor1,352
Diabetesmellitus Dowling-Degosdiseasetype4,156 Egghead(egh)gene,346
glycationin,26 D-PDMP,709 Eggjelly,seaurchin,352
O-GlcNAcylationand,244f,245,249,523 DrGRIFIN,471 EGT(ecdysteroidUDP-glucosyltransferase),
pathogenesisandcomplicationsof, Drosophilamelanogaster ofbaculovirus,93
585–586 chitin,346 Ehlers–Danlossyndrome,579
Diacylglycerol(DAG),270 galectins,471 Eichwald,E.,113
Diastrophicdystrophy(DTD),580 glycoproteins,336–343 Electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy
Dictyocaulusviviparous,332,549 mutationsaffectingglycans,337, (EIS),751
Dictyonemaglabratum,301 338t–339t,339,340f Electrolectin,469
Dictyostelium N-linkedglycans,336–340, Electroncapturedissociation(ECD),648
comitin,237 337f,340f Electronimpact (EI)-mass
discoidinfamilyoflectins,236 O-linkedglycans,340–343,341f spectrometry,646
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
INDEX | 797
Electrontransferdissociation(ETD),648, glycosphingolipidsynthesis,129 Epimerization
664–665,664f GPIanchorsynthesis,142–146,143f, inchondroitinsulfatebiosynthesis,218
Electrophoresis,forstudyofglycan–protein 144f inheparansulfatebiosynthesis,217f
interactions,384 N-glycosylationand,101–106,103f,105f inheparinbiosynthesis,219–220
Electrosprayionization(ESI)-MS,646,648 nucleotidesugartransport,55–61, Epimers,21
Electrosprayionization(ESI)MS/MSion 59f,60t Episialin,599
fragmentation,658,660–661 plantglycolipids,316 Epithelial-mesenchymaltransition(EMT),
Elf-1,O-GlcNAcylationof,247 Endoplasmicreticulumdegradation 604,607
ELISA(enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent enhancinga-mannosidase-like Epitope.SeeAntibody
assay),forstudyofglycan–protein proteins(EDEMs),104,507–508 EPNmotif,436
interactions,381–382 EndoplasmicreticulumGolgiintermediate Eprodisate,733t
Embryologyanddevelopment,glycansin, compartment53(ERGIC53), Epstein–Barrvirus,437,450,589
522 419–420,507,510 Equilibriumdialysis,forstudyof
Embryonicstem(ES)cells,glycosylation Endoplasmicreticulum(ER)/Golgipathway glycan–proteininteractions,
mutants,631 glycosylationin,42,43f 376–377
EMT(epithelial-mesenchymaltransition), lectinsand,364 Equisetum,311
604,607 Endopolygalacturonases,514–515 ER.SeeEndoplasmicreticulum
Encephalitozooncuniculi, Endosialidase,185,642t ER-associateddegradation(ERAD),232,
glycosyltransferasesof,94 Endosome 405,406f,504,508,510–511
Endo180,409 glycosphingolipidsand,131 defectsin,581
Endo-b-glucuronidase,220,606 mannose-6-phosphatereceptors lectinsand,364
Endo-b-galactosidases,642t.Seealso (MPRs),429 NGLY1,517
b-galactosidase multivesicularstoragebodies,564 inyeast,296
Endo-b-N-acetylglucosaminidase,N-glycan Endosulfatase,220 Erb2,604
degradation,555f EndoT,724 ERGIC53(endoplasmicreticulumGolgi
Endo-b-N-acetylglucosaminidaseH(endo Endotoxin,272,519.SeealsoLipidA intermediatecompartment53),
H),424 Energy,renewable,762 419–420,507,510
Endo-b1-4xylanase10A,405f,407,411 Energyplots,651,651f ER–Golgiintermediatecompartment
Endocarditis,585 Entamoeba,489,547,548f (ERGIC),419–420
Endocrinology Envelopeconformation,24f,25 ERT(enzymereplacementtherapy),
diabetesmellitus,585–586 Environmentallydrivenphenotypes,in 566,567
glycansin,523 mousemutants,359 Erythrocyteacetylcholinesterase,137
Endocyticreceptors,asC-typelectins, Enzymaticsynthesis,technologicaladvances Erythrocyte-binding-like(EBL)proteins,
440–441,440f in,764 541–542
Endocytosis,internalizationofcell-surface Enzymeenhancementtherapy(EET),566 Erythrocyteglucosetransportprotein,165
proteoglycans,220 Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay Erythropoietin,194–195,731–732
EndoD,659 (ELISA),forstudyofglycan–protein Erythrose,structureof,22f
Endoglucanases,310 interactions,381–382 Escherichiacoli
Endoglycoceramidases,129 Enzymereplacementtherapy(ERT),566, adhesins,169,365
Endoglycosidase 567,722,735 autoglycosylation,224
endoglycosidaseF,101 Enzymes,glycan-degrading,642t capsularpolysaccharides,280
endoglycosidaseF2,641,642t Enzymesubstrates,dockingof,398–399, capsuleofE.coliK1,93
endoglycosidaseH(EndoH),101,424, 399f enteropathogenic(EPEC),532
641,642t EOGTgene,156 enterotoxin,191
glycandetection,641,643f E-phytohemagglutinin(E-PHA),418,612, fimbriae,485–486,485f–486f
specificityanduses,642t 613f,617–618 galectinsand,476,478
EndoglycosidaseD(EndoD),659 Epidermalgrowthfactor(EGF),68–69, gangliosideGM1asreceptorfor
Endoglycosidases,48 509,601 heat-labileenterotoxin(LT-1),174
Endo-N,185 Epidermalgrowthfactor(EGF)-likerepeats glycosylationengineering,717t,719–720
Endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase(EndoT), inNotch,342 heat-labileenterotoxins,134
724 O-linkedmodificationsin,152–156 K1,93,528
Endoneuraminidase,87,642t description,152,153f K99,486
Endoplasmicreticulum(ER) O-fucose,152–155 lipidA,274
eOGT,240 O-GlcNAc,156 lipopolysaccharide(LPS),272–276,273f
ER-associateddegradation(ERAD),232, O-glucose,155–156 NeuOenzyme,188
296,364,405,406f,504,508, Epidermalgrowthfactor(EGF)receptor Oantigens,37–38,37f,274
510–511,517,581 activitymodulationbygangliosides,80 O8,37,37f
glycanbiosynthesis,12,13 inmembranemicrodomains,131 O168,37f,38
glycoproteinqualitycontrol,503–511, tumorprogressionand,601 O5abandO5ac,37
506f,509f Epidermalpermeabilitybarrier,132 osmoregulatedperiplasmicglucans,
machineryandviability,510–511 Epigenetics,O-GlcNAcregulationof,247 277–278
O-glycosylation,509–510 4epi-Leg(4eLeg),180f,181 Pfimbriae,590
retrotranslocationanddegradationof 8epi-Leg(8eLeg),180f,181 pili,485,485f,531,746,751
misfoldedproteins,508 Epimerase,218–219 polysialicacids,185
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.
This is a free sample of content from Essentials of Glycobiology, Third Edition.
Click here for more information on how to buy the book.
798 | INDEX
Escherichiacoli (Continued) sialicacidevolutionaryhistory,179,181 Fibrinogen,abnormalglycosylationof,588
straindetectionanddiscriminationusing distributionofsialicacids,185 Fibroblastgrowthfactorreceptor(FGFR),
glyconanomaterials,751 humanlossofNeu5Gc,185–186 499–500,502,518
urinarytractinfections,590 variationsinsialicacids,258 Fibroblastgrowthfactors(FGFs)
E-selectin,122,133,193,371,445f, Siglec(sialicacid–binding, fibroblastgrowthfactor2(FGF2)
448,602 immunoglobulin-likelectin),454, binding,499–500,501f
inflammatoryskindiseases,585 461,462f heparininteraction,499–500,501f
inhibitors,739,740f sulfatedGAG-bindingproteins,369 structure,501f
Esterases,lysosomal,554 viruses,glycosylationof,260 usedforselectionofmutantsdeficient
Esterificationofhydroxylgroups,27–28 EW29lectin,407 inheparansulfate,630
Estrogenreceptors,O-GlcNAcylation Exoglycosidase,553–554,555f,559, fibroblastgrowthfactor23(FGF23),
of,247 561–562,564.Seealsospecific defectsin,578
ETD(electrontransferdissociation),648 enzymes fibroblastgrowthfactor(FGF-1)b-trefoil
Ethanol,756 glycandetection,641,643f R-typedomain,405f
Ethanolaminephosphatetransferase,145t heparansulfatedegradation,220 heparansulfatebinding,217f,219
Ethanolaminephosphodiesterase,146t O-glycansand,116 Fibromodulin,211t
Eubacteria.SeeBacteria sequencingGPIglycans,140 Ficolins,365
E3ubiquitinligases,232 specificityanduses,642t Field-effecttransistor(FET)sensors,751
Eukaryotes.Seealsospecificgroups Exoglycosidases,48 Filamentoushemagglutinin(FHA),531
ER–Golgipathwayofglycanbiosynthesis, Exopolysaccharide(EPS),36,38,266,278, Fimbriae,364,485–486,490,531,532f,590
42,43f 279f,280,533 FimH,485–486,486f,490
genomicsofglycosylation,94–95 Exosomes,149 Fischer,Emil,20,294,388
N-glycan Exostosis,congenital,359,579 Fischerprojection
structuraldiversity,256,257f ExotoxinA,421 conversiontochairprojection,24f
synthesis,101–108 Exotoxins,421.SeealsoToxins conversiontoHaworthprojection,23,23f
sialidases,188–189 EXT1,216,634 monosaccharide,21,22f
sialyltransferase,188 EXT2,216 FKRP(fukutin-relatedprotein)genes,
topologyofglycosylation,229,230f EXT1/EXT2genes,357,579 576–578
Eukaryoticinitiationfactor2(eIF2),248 EXTL2,67 FKTN(fukutin)gene,576–578
EUROCarbDB,670,674 EXTL3,69,216 Flippase,102,289
Evolution Extracellularmatrix(ECM) Flowcytometry,621
ABObloodgroupand,167 hyaluronanfunctionin,200–203,202f Fluorescencepolarization,forstudyof
coevolutionarmsracebetweenpathogens proteoglycansin,209f,210,211t–212t, glycan–proteininteraction,
andhosts,83 213,220 379–381
deuterostome,351–352 Extracellularpolysaccharide.See Fluorophore-assistedcarbohydrate
galectins,471–472 Exopolysaccharide(EPS) electrophoresis(FACE),644–645
glycandiversity,253–264 Extremophiles,283 Folding.SeeProteinfolding
bacterialandarchaealglycosylation, Extrinisicrecognition,78,78f,81–82 Follicle-stimulatinghormone(FSH),
260 171–173
evolutionaryforcesdrivingdiversity, Fondaparinux,730f
F
263–264 Fontansurgery,586
glycosaminoglycans,259 Fabrydisease,557t,563,566, Foot-and-mouthdiseasevirus(FMDV),
glycosphingolipids,259 567,735 bindingtoheparansulfate,483
interspeciesandintraspecies, FACE(fluorophore-assistedcarbohydrate Forssmanantigen,130,170f,171
261–262 electrophoresis),644–645 Fouriertransformmassspectrometry
modelorganismsforstudyof,262 FactorH,192,528,601 (FTMS),648
N-glycans,254,256,257f,258 FactorIIa,587 Freeglycans,assignalingmolecules,
nuclearandcytoplasmic,259–260 FactorXa,587 513–519
O-glycans,258–259 Fastatombombardment (FAB)-MS,646, Fringe,89,153f,154–155,155f,342
overview,253–254,255f 648 Fringeconnection(frc),348
sialicacids,258 Fattyacidanalogs,710 fringegene,153,342
terminalsequences,256,262 Favin,417 Frogs,353–355,354f
glycosaminoglycans,494 FCMD(Fukuyamamusculardystrophy), Frontalaffinitychromatography,377–378,
ofglycosylation,16–17 576,578 378f
diversityanduniversality,41–42 Fdl,337,723 Fructoaldolase,734
“junk”glycans,84 Fdlmutants,337,339,340f Fructose-6-phosphateamidotransferase,702
glycosyltransferases,263 Fermentation,756 Fructosetransport,52
hyaluronan,197–198 Ferroplasmaacidophilum,287 FSP(fucosesulfatepolymer),fromsea
lectins,368–369 Fertilization,glycaninvolvementin,521 urchineggjelly,352
mannose6-phosphaterecognition FGFR(fibroblastgrowthfactorreceptor), F-spondin,157
system,431 499–500,502,518 FTMS(Fouriertransformmass
molecularmimicryofhostglycans,82, FGFs.SeeFibroblastgrowthfactors spectrometry),648
260–261 FHA(filamentoushemagglutinin),531 F-typelectins,368,369
RedQueeneffect,263,461,462f Fibrillin1(FBN1),575 FUCA2,537
© 2017 by the Consortium of Glycobiology Editors, La Jolla, California; published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved.